МОУ СОШ 15 Тайны английских артиклей (Grammar Mystery of English Article in Rhymes) Выполнила: Ученица 9 «б» класса Окорокова Ю. Проверила: Артамонова Л. Н. Балашов 2008 год

Введение Артикли – грамматическое явление, которое отсутствует в русском языке, поэтому они традиционно являются наиболее трудным разделом английской грамматики. Научиться правильно употреблять английские артикли – большая проблема. Артикли – грамматическое явление, которое отсутствует в русском языке, поэтому они традиционно являются наиболее трудным разделом английской грамматики. Научиться правильно употреблять английские артикли – большая проблема.

The Indefinite Article – a\an Неопределённый артикль a\an употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе: Неопределённый артикль a\an употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе: С предметом или лицом – одним из класса себе подобных (в значении «любой») – with an object or a thing as belonging to a certain class; если предмет или лицо не знакомы и употребляются впервые – nouns introduced for the first time; в функции предикатива, т. е. именной части составного именного сказуемого после глагола to be– with predicative nouns: С предметом или лицом – одним из класса себе подобных (в значении «любой») – with an object or a thing as belonging to a certain class; если предмет или лицо не знакомы и употребляются впервые – nouns introduced for the first time; в функции предикатива, т. е. именной части составного именного сказуемого после глагола to be– with predicative nouns: I have a doll, you have a boll. I have a doll, you have a boll. He has a dog, she a frog. He has a dog, she a frog.

Если существительному предшествует описательное определение – with a noun modified by a descriptive attribute: Если существительному предшествует описательное определение – with a noun modified by a descriptive attribute: Im a mouse. Im a mouse. Im a pretty mousse. Im a pretty mousse. Im a pretty witty mouse. Im a pretty witty mouse. I live in a pretty little house. I live in a pretty little house. С конструкцией There is: С конструкцией There is: There is a mouse in the house. There is a mouse in the house. There is a cat in the flat. There is a cat in the flat. There is a fox in the box. There is a fox in the box. There is a bee in the tree. There is a bee in the tree.

В восклицательных предложениях перед исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе, стоящим после what в значении «что за, какой» - after the exclamatory what: В восклицательных предложениях перед исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе, стоящим после what в значении «что за, какой» - after the exclamatory what: Its warm today. Yes, what a lovely day! Its warm today. Yes, what a lovely day! Its cold today. Yes, what a terrible day! Its cold today. Yes, what a terrible day! С названиями веществ в значении «одна порция» - a portion of something: You can order a wine or a punch You can order a wine or a punch Or a coffee for your lunch Or a coffee for your lunch With a tasty chocolate cake, With a tasty chocolate cake, Eat a salad and a steak. Eat a salad and a steak.

В выражениях с глаголами to have, to take, to give для обозначения кратковременного действия: Have a cup of tea, have a piece of bread, Have a cup of tea, have a piece of bread, Have a warm shower and go to bed. Have a warm shower and go to bed. С существительными, обозначающими определённое количество или временной промежуток (в значении «один») – with nouns denoting time, measure, weight: The crocodile thinks his smile The crocodile thinks his smile Is even wider than a mile. Is even wider than a mile.

The Definite Article – определённый артикль the употребляется с любыми существительными (исчисляемыми, неисчисляемыми, в единственном и множественном числе). Он выделяет предмет или явление из разряда подобных, конкретизируют его. Определённый артикль употребляется: Со знакомым предметом или лицом (существительное ранее упоминалось, мы говорим о нём не в первый раз) – when a particular object or person is meant: I know a doctor. – The doctor is nice. I know a doctor. – The doctor is nice. I know a teacher. – The teacher is wise. I know a teacher. – The teacher is wise. I know a girl. – The girl is pretty. I know a girl. – The girl is pretty. I know a boy. – The boy is witty. I know a boy. – The boy is witty.

Если говорящему и слушающему понятно, о каком предмете идёт речь (возможно из контекста) – the situation makes the object definite: The book was read, the pet was fed, The book was read, the pet was fed, The work was done, the song was sung. The work was done, the song was sung. С единственным в своём роде существительными – with unique objects: The snow is falling, the North Wind is blowing, The snow is falling, the North Wind is blowing, The ground is white all day and all night. The ground is white all day and all night. С названиями частей света – with regions of the world: С названиями частей света – with regions of the world: The North or South, The North or South, The East or West, The East or West, To tell the truth I love you best! To tell the truth I love you best!

С названием стран – countries, в состав которых входят существительные kingdom, states, republic, union, federation, emirates: My name is Richard Green ham My name is Richard Green ham And Im from the UK! And Im from the UK! How are you, how are you? How are you, how are you? And how are you today? And how are you today? Если перед существительным стоит прилагательное в превосходной степени – with nouns modified by adjectives in the superlative degree of comparison: This is the smartest cat. This is the smartest cat. This is the funniest hat. This is the funniest hat. This is the quickest dog. This is the quickest dog. This is the smallest frog. This is the smallest frog.

Если существительное употребляется с порядковым числительным – with nouns modified by ordinal numerals: There are four cats in the flat: There are four cats in the flat: The first cat is white, The first cat is white, The second cat is red, The second cat is red, The third cat is grey, The third cat is grey, The fourth cat is black. The fourth cat is black. В словосочетаниях с предлогом of – in of-phrases: The roof of the house is red, The roof of the house is red, The walls of the house are grey, The walls of the house are grey, The windows of the house are big, The windows of the house are big, The door of the house is thick. The door of the house is thick.

Если существительное имеет ограничительное определение – with nouns modified by a limiting or particularizing attribute: This is the rat that slept in the hat. This is the rat that slept in the hat. This is the cat that caught the rat. This is the cat that caught the rat. This is the frog that jumped on the log. This is the frog that jumped on the log. This is the dog that found my sock. This is the dog that found my sock. С названием музыкальных инструментов – with names of musical instruments: If I had a crocodile, If I had a crocodile, I would teach it to play the guitar. I would teach it to play the guitar. I would give it jeans and sandals, I would give it jeans and sandals, And wed travel by a car! And wed travel by a car!

The Zero Article Артикли не употребляются: С существительными во множественном числе, употребляемыми в обобщённом смысле – with plural countable nouns used in general statements: I like my Bunny, Mice like cheese, I like my Bunny, Mice like cheese, Bears like honey, Sparrows like peas. Bears like honey, Sparrows like peas. Girls like cats, Owls like mice, Girls like cats, Owls like mice, Cats like rats. I like rice, Cats like rats. I like rice, Boys like dogs, Birds like grain, Boys like dogs, Birds like grain, Storks like frogs Say it again. Storks like frogs Say it again.

С неисчисляемыми существительными – абстрактные существительные, жидкости, сыпучие, осадки, материалы и т.д. – with uncountable nouns – names of substances, materials, abstract nouns: Art is long, life is short, Art is long, life is short, Time is money, youre sweeter than honey. Time is money, youre sweeter than honey. С названиями стран и континентов – with names of countries and continents: In Antarctica its snowing, In Antarctica its snowing, And in Africa its hot. And in Africa its hot. In Japan the wind is blowing, In Japan the wind is blowing, And in Italy its not. And in Italy its not. In Brazil the sun is shining, In Brazil the sun is shining, And in Spain the sky is blue. And in Spain the sky is blue. In Great Britain it is raining, In Great Britain it is raining, And in France its raining, too. And in France its raining, too.

С именами собственными – with personal names: I am Ann, you are Dan, I am Ann, you are Dan, He is Peter, she is Rita. He is Peter, she is Rita. They are four – no more. They are four – no more. С названиями времён года, дней недели и месяцев– names of seasons, days of the week, months: Spring is green, summer is bright, Spring is green, summer is bright, Autumn is yellow, winter is white. Autumn is yellow, winter is white.

С существительными, используемыми в качестве обращения – with nouns used as vocatives: Oh, doctor, doctor, oh, my head! Oh, doctor, doctor, oh, my head! Im ill, Im dying, Im almost dead! Im ill, Im dying, Im almost dead! С названиями видов спорта (в сочетании с глаголом to play): Lets do judo. Lets play tennis. Lets do judo. Lets play tennis. Lets go to the gym. Lets have fun. Lets go to the gym. Lets have fun. Lets play volleyball. Lets play basketball. Lets play volleyball. Lets play basketball. And lets swim. And lets run. And lets swim. And lets run.

С существительными, обозначающими членов семьи в высказываниях членов семьи (в таких случаях существительные пишутся, как правило, с прописной буквы) – with nouns of relationship: Father, Mother, Son and Daughter - Father, Mother, Son and Daughter - Its a photo, its a photo! Its a photo, its a photo! С названиями городов, улиц, площадей, церквей, в том числе названных в честь святых – with names of cities, streets, squares, churches, cathedrals: Doctor: Oh, how you suffer! Where dyou live? Doctor: Oh, how you suffer! Where dyou live? You are so pale, not talkative. You are so pale, not talkative. Patient : I live in Truant Street, house four. Patient : I live in Truant Street, house four. Oh, help me! I cant stand it any more! Oh, help me! I cant stand it any more!

С существительными с определением, выраженным указательным или притяжательными местоимением, или количественным числительным, стоящим после существительного – with nouns modified by possessive and demonstrative pronouns or in the structure a noun + a cardinal numeral: I am a dancer, my job is to dance. I am a dancer, my job is to dance. You are a Frenchman, your home is in France. You are a Frenchman, your home is in France. He is a preacher, his job is to preach. He is a preacher, his job is to preach. She is a teacher, her job is to teach. She is a teacher, her job is to teach. С существительными, обозначающими время приёма пищи – with names of meals: Breakfast in the morning, dinner, in the day. Tea comes after dinner, then its time to play. Supper in the evening when the day is red. Then the day is over and we go to bed.

С названиями учебных дисциплин / школьных предметов – with school subjects: I dont have Art on Tuesday, I dont have Art on Tuesday, On Tuesday, on Tuesday, On Tuesday, on Tuesday, I dont have Art on Tuesday, I dont have Art on Tuesday, I never have Art! I never have Art! I have PE on Friday, I have PE on Friday, On Friday, on Friday, On Friday, on Friday, I have PE on Friday, I have PE on Friday, I always have PE! I always have PE!

Mixed Bag Mixed Bag Объясните (прокомментируйте) употребление артиклей в следующих стихотворениях// Comment on the use of articles in the following rhymes and poems: Объясните (прокомментируйте) употребление артиклей в следующих стихотворениях// Comment on the use of articles in the following rhymes and poems: I bought a loaf of bread, I bought a loaf of bread, At home I put it on the shelf. At home I put it on the shelf. She can speak English, She can speak English, He can make rhymes He can make rhymes Or say tongue-twisters Or say tongue-twisters A hundred times! A hundred times! After dinner sit a while, After dinner sit a while, After supper walk a mile. After supper walk a mile. If Jack is a good boy, If Jack is a good boy, Ill buy him a nice toy. Ill buy him a nice toy. If he falls ill, If he falls ill, Ill give him a pill. Ill give him a pill.

I didnt miss my chance: I didnt miss my chance: Last year I visited France, Last year I visited France, Last month I went to Rome, Last month I went to Rome, Last week I stayed at home. Last week I stayed at home. On Mondays, I play football, On Mondays, I play football, On Tuesdays, I meet friends. On Tuesdays, I meet friends. On Wednesdays, I play basketball – On Wednesdays, I play basketball – The fun just never ends. The fun just never ends. I know a man, his name is Lou. I know a man, his name is Lou. Hes got a wife, her name is Sue. Hes got a wife, her name is Sue. Theyve got a cat, its name is Mumu. Theyve got a cat, its name is Mumu.

Список используемой литературы 1. Английский для малышей: Стихи, песни, игры, рифмовки, инсценировки, утренники / Автор-составитель А.В. Конышева – СПб.: КАРО, Мн.: Издательство «Четыре четверти», Доля Г. Happy English. Интенсивная методика обучения детей английскому языку на материале детских песенок и стихотворений. – Дубна, Лебединская Б.Я. Английская грамматика в стихах: Пособие по английскому языку. – М.: ООО « Издательство Астрель»: ООО «Издательство АСТ», Рона Роуз. Английский язык для малышей и родителей. Самоучитель для детей: В 2 кн. – Х.: Прапор, Фёдорова Г.Н. Тематические вечера на английском языке. – М.: ИКЦ «МарТ», Ростов н/Д: Издательский центр «МарТ», Материалы журнала «Иностранные языки в школе». 7. Газета English ( в т.ч. Рифмовки Т.Л. Ивановой и Е.Н. Шацкой).