We are currently developing the technical side of nanotechnology, but there arise complex cognitive and anthropological problems: - Communicative problem of co-evolution of human and the "second nature it creats, - The problem of the transformative anthropology, - The problem of "surrogate" ontology - The problem of risk management in the growing awareness of nonlinearity, complexity, Synergetic modern world 2

"The philosopher who does not understand modern nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, hardly able to say something significant about pressing ethical issues, even if he had mastered the whole ethical tradition from Plato to Scheler's" Vittorio Heasley. Philosophical and methodological understanding of the process of formation of nanotechnology as a special complex system of knowledge, models, tools requires specific knowledge and skills of creative interdisciplinary work of experts in different fields of knowledge. 3

The sixth wave of technological development, which is expected to start in 2010, is associated by many scientists with the development of convergent technologies Biotech Nanotechnology Designing living Investments in human New Nature Robotics New medicine High humanitarian technology Designing the future and management Assembly technology and the destruction of social actors 4

The " Island " character of the representations of nanotechnology poses to the researchers fundamentally new classes of converged tasks and convergent technologies 5

The basic idea of nanotechnology is that almost any chemically stable structure that can be described, can, in fact, be build. This idea originated in a textbook speech by Richard Feynman in 1959, "There's plenty of room below " : "The principles of physics, as I see it, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering with the material atom by atom" 6

molecular nanotechnology Eric Drexler Machinery Conjuror Mechanical design: nanopodshipnik, nanomanipulator 7

natural nanodevices - ATP synthase - Is a complex molecular machine consisting of an electric motor (rotor - with-block; stator - a-one), crank shaft (i-unit) and unit of work tools (I-units) carrying mechanosynthesis ATP molecules from the two original components. 8

A few decades ago, there first appeared substantially different in the meaning technoloigiesy – informational - and they affect the development of all other technologies and disciplines. Another unifying element was nanotechnology. Information and nanotechnology bring us back to the unity of the world picture, the natural sciences.. They enable us to turn any technology into information and vice versa. Recipe of any thing can be transmitted over the Internet, then this thing can be made (similar to how the printer prints the information received via the internet). 9

explanation and understanding of the content knowledge general principles of management of mental processes in the human brain, perception and comprehension of the world 10

Drexler, Nanotechnology Council for beginners "(2007) or methodology to study the interdisciplinary subject The first point: One should and must become a master in one area and know a lot about others." The same argument, but in the details: One must think about three levels of knowledge about the subject: 1. To know what this thing is about – with what kind of physical systems and phenomena he is working, and what kind of questions he asks and answers. 2. To know the content of the subject in a qualitative sense – to feel what kind of phenomena can play its role under what circumstances, and to know when you need theanswers from the work in this area. 3. To know how to get these answers by oneself, based on the personal possession of sufficient material from this course. The second point: self-education. 11

. Map of the intersection of new technologies Source: Report Mapping the Structure and Evolution of Science (Borner 2006) 12

The most important is the mutual information, bio, nanotechnology and cognitive science. This phenomenon is called NBIC-convergence (by the first letter domains: N-nano; B-Bio; I-info; C-kogno). This term was introduces in 2002 by Mihail Roco and William Bainbridge, who prepared the report Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance at the World Center for Technology Assessment (WTEC). In the near future NBIC-convergence will be a key factor in the development of our civilization. 13

Convergence as a result of cognitive activity of the subject, its mentality within the cognitive sciences is the technology of convergence of different systems, developing in one direction, facing similar challenges That state, which will call for an interdisciplinary science organization, will be among the leaders of the twenty-first century. The future - for convergent technologies director of the Kurchatov Institute Mikhail Kovalchuk. 14

Converging on the example of nanotechnology 152

In this article we use the approach: - Cognitive, which reveals the features of explanation and understanding of content knowledge, general principles of management of mental processes in the human brain, perception and understanding of the world; synergy that reveals the essence of Synergetic converged technologies and explains the mechanism of convergence of the entire clusters of disciplines as well as systemic and activity. We also use non-linear theory and methodology postnonclassical science, including Synergetics, the theory of "complex thinking", the theory of social construction of reality, the theory of information society 16

Convergent technology constructs the relationship of thinking, reflecting the interaction of individual systems with each other. This gives rise to synergies, which creates a new effect, a new holistic view on the world, new knowledge, new knowledge of the result, as the external world and internal world of the subject, change the mechanism of cognitive processes and the properties of the mental spaces of the subject, which caused them to form images. As a result of convergent technologies there are new areas of science and technology, which in future will develop along their own paths. 17

In the real world there are no clear boundaries between many of the previously considered dichotomous phenomena. First, in the light of the recent the common distinction between the animate and inanimate loses its sense. the distinction between the thinking system with intelligence and free will, and hard-coded "Information" interpretation of life Review accounts and the nature of man himself No matter how surprising or even shocking the implications of NBIC-convergence can be, this process is already going, and the issui of the scientific courage and integrity is not suspending from the problem, but its impartiality in-depth analysis. Medvedev DA Udalova VV. 18

distinctive features of convergence as cognitive technology are: - Bringing closer intense interaction between different areas (science and technology) up to merging into a single scientific and technological fields; - Heuristic synergies; - The possibility of convergence of diverse subject areas of the world from the atomic level of matter to sound systems; - Qualitative growth of human capabilities through its technological restructuring until the emergence of a new phase of human evolution phenomenon of NBIC-convergence is a radically new stage of scientific and technological progress and due to its possible consequences it is an important new evolutionary-determining factor. 19

The development of nanotechnology, nanotechnology, nanoscience, nano-systems and their widespread introduction into all spheres of human existence confronts researchers with fundamentally new classes of problems converged and converged technologies, for the solution of which there is further development of science, technology, education required. 20 Conclusion

Roco M., Bainbridge W. (eds). Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and Cognitive Science. Arlington, 2004 K. Eric Drexler, "Molecular Engineering: An Approach to the Development of General Capabilities for Molecular Manipulation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Soc. USA, 1981, #78 pp K. Eric Drexler, "Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology". NY, 1986, Ancor Press/Doubleday. Русский перевод доступен в Интернете по ссылкам K. Eric Drexler. "Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and Computation". John Wiley and Sons, NY, N. Taniguchi, "On the Basic Concept of 'Nano-Technology", Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Part II, 1974, Japan Society of Precision Engineering. Freitas R. A., "Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities". Landes Bioscience, Ralph C Merkle, "Molecular building blocks and development strategies for molecular nanotechnology". Nanotechnology 11 (2000) pp Nanotechnology 21 Literature