1 гٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙ ¹áó. èáµ»ñï ¶ñÇ·áñÇ Ð³ÏáµÛ³Ý Ù³ëÝ I

2 гٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙ ¶ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Peter Abel. IBM PC Assembly Language and Programming. Fifth edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 2001, 545 pp. Peter Abel. IBM PC Assembly Language and Programming. Fifth edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 2001, 545 pp. Kip R. Irvine. Assembly Language for Intel- Based Computers. Third edition, Florida International University, 1999, 676 pp. Kip R. Irvine. Assembly Language for Intel- Based Computers. Third edition, Florida International University, 1999, 676 pp.

3 гٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙ ¶ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Â. Þðîâ. Assembler. У÷åáíèê для ВУЗ-ов. Èçä. 2-îå, Ïèòåð, Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðã, 2006, 637 ñòð. Â. Þðîâ. Assembler. У÷åáíèê для ВУЗ-ов. Èçä. 2-îå, Ïèòåð, Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðã, 2006, 637 ñòð. Â. Þðîâ. Assembler (ïðàêòèêóì). Èçä. 2-îå, Ïèòåð, Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðã, 2002, 395 ñòð. Â. Þðîâ. Assembler (ïðàêòèêóì). Èçä. 2-îå, Ïèòåð, Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðã, 2002, 395 ñòð. Ñ. Çóáêîâ. Assembler äëÿ DOS, Windows è UNIX. Èçä. ÄÌÊ, Ìîñêâà, 2000, 608 ñòð. Ñ. Çóáêîâ. Assembler äëÿ DOS, Windows è UNIX. Èçä. ÄÌÊ, Ìîñêâà, 2000, 608 ñòð.

4 ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó XVII ¹³ñ (1623 Ã.) – ·ÇïÝ³Ï³Ý ì.ÞÇϳñ¹Ç ·áõÙ³ñáÕ-ѳÝáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³ XVII ¹³ñ (1671 Ã.) – ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ »õ ٳûٳïÇÏáë ¶. Ȼ۵ÝÇóÇ Ñ³ßí³Ù»ù»Ý³ XIX ¹³ñ (1842 Ã.) – ·ÇïÝ³Ï³Ý »õ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ ´. ä³ëϳÉÇ Ñ³ßí³Ù»ù»Ý³ XIX ¹³ñ ( Ã.Ã.) – ٳûٳïÇÏáë â. ´»µµÇçÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñ

5 ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó XX ¹³ñ (1946 Ã.) – ²ØÜ, ö»ÝëÇÉí³Ýdz, ³é³çÇÝ áõÝÇí»ñë³É ¾ÐØ ENIAC – 18 ѳ½³ñ ɳÙå, ù³ßÁ` 30 ï., ½µ³Õ. ٳϻñ»ë` 200 ù.Ù. ²ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ñ ï³ë³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·áõÙ XX ¹³ñ (1951 Ã.) – ¾ÐØ EDVAC – ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ` 1024 µ³é, ³Ù»Ý µ³éÁ` 44 »ñÏáõ³Ï³Ý ϳñ· ٳûٳïÇÏáë æáÝ ýáÝ Ü»ÛÙ³Ý

6 ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó 1-ÇÝ ë»ñáõݹ (1945 – 1954 Ã.Ã.) – ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÝ »Ý ɳÙå»ñÁ, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ѳå³ÕÙ³Ý ·Í»ñ; Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý É»½áõ »õ ³ë»ÙµÉ»ñ 2-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1955 – 1964 Ã.Ã.) – ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÝ »Ý ÏÇë³Ñ³Õáñ¹ÇãÝ»ñÁ, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ` Ù³·ÝÇë³Ï³Ý (ý»éÇï³ÛÇÝ) ÙÇçáõÏÝ»ñ; Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL; ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· 3-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1965 – 1970 Ã.Ã.) – ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÝ »Ý ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ë˻ٳݻñÁ (Æê), ¾ÐØ-Ý»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇù` IBM System 360

7 ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó 4-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1970 – 1984 Ã.Ã.) – ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÝ »Ý Ù»Í »õ ·»ñÙ»Í ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ë˻ٳݻñÁ (ØÆê, ¶ØÆê) 5-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1974 – *** Ã.Ã.) – ÙÇÏñáåñáó»ëáñ³ÛÇÝ` 1970-³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëÏǽµ` i4004 – 4 ϳñ·, 4 Ãí. ·áñÍ Ã.` i8080 – 8 ϳñ· 1976 Ã.` i8086/8088 – 16 ϳñ·, ·Í³É³ñÁ` 20 ϳñ·, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ÙÇÝã»õ 1 Mbyte

8 ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó 4-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1970 – 1984 Ã.Ã.) – ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÝ »Ý Ù»Í »õ ·»ñÙ»Í ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ë˻ٳݻñÁ (ØÆê, ¶ØÆê) 5-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1974 – *** Ã.Ã.) – ÙÇÏñáåñáó»ëáñ³ÛÇÝ` 1982 Ã.` i80286 – i8086 – Ç µ³ñ»É³í³Í ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï. ·Í³É³ñÁ` 24 ϳñ·, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ÙÇÝã»õ 16 Mbyte, ·áñͻɳϳñ·` Çñ³Ï³Ý »õ å³ßïå³Ýí³Í 1985 Ã.` i80386 ϳ٠i ϳñ·, ûå»ñ³ïÇí ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ç³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ, ÙÇÝã»õ 4 Gbyte, »ñ»õ³Ï³Û³Ï³Ý i8086, ÏáÝí»Û»ñ

9 ¾É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó 4-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1970 – 1984 Ã.Ã.) – ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñÝ »Ý Ù»Í »õ ·»ñÙ»Í ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ë˻ٳݻñÁ (ØÆê, ¶ØÆê) 5-ñ¹ ë»ñáõݹ (1974 – *** Ã.Ã.) – ÙÇÏñáåñáó»ëáñ³ÛÇÝ` 1989 Ã.` i486DX – ïñ³Ý½ÇëïáñÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ` 1.2 ÙÉÝ, Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ïáåñáó»ëáñ 1993 Ã.` Pentium (i586), ïñ³Ý½ÇëïáñÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ` 3.1 ÙÉÝ, »ñÏáõ ÏáÝí»Û»ñ 1997 Ã. Ù³ÛÇë` Pentium II; 1999 Ã.` Pentium III; 2000 Ã. í»ñç` Pentium IV

10 øáÙ÷Ûáõï»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ CPUOutput Memory Input

11 ²é³çÇÝ ë»ñáõݹݻñÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ Ðñ³Ù³ÝÇ ï»ëùÁ` Ð ÎI ѳëó»II ѳëó»III ѳëó» Ð ÎI ѳëó»II ѳëó» Ð Îѳëó»

12 ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (Ý»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) Ìñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ëïáñ³Ï³ñ·áõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñ سϳñ¹³ÏÜϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÎÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ Ìñ³·ñ»ñ, Ùß³Ïí³Í Ù³ëݳíáñ ¹³ëÇ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ´³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ É»½áõ (HLL) Ìñ³·ñ»ñÁ óñ·Ù³ÝíáõÙ »Ý ϳ٠³ë»ÙµÉ»ñ, ϳ٠ٻù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý É»½íÇ: ²Ù»Ý ÙÇ ûå»ñ³ïáñ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñ»Ýù, Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý É»½íáí ³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñíáõÙ ¿ µ³½Ù³ù³Ý³Ï Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñáí: (C++, Pascal, Java,...) úå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· ä³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ ýáõÝÏódzݻñ, áñáÝù ϳñáÕ »Ý ϳÝãí»É Íñ³·ñ»ñÇó, ·ñí³Í µ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ É»½íáí ϳ٠³ë»ÙµÉ»ñáí: γñáÕ ¿ å³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Ý³»õ ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ÇÝï»ñý»Ûë (API): ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (ASM) ú·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ëÇÙíáɳÛÇÝ Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ù»ÏÁ Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ »Ý Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý É»½íáí: Ø»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý É»½áõ (ML) Âí³ÛÇÝ Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ »õ ûå»ñ³Ý¹Ý»ñ, áñáÝù ϳñáÕ »Ý å³Ñå³Ýí»É ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ »õ áõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ϳï³ñí»É åñáó»ëáñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:

13 ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (Ý»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) ASMML HLL - - -

14 ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (Ý»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) BasicPascalC++ASM

15 ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (Ý»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) Ðñ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ Ø»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ DEC CX B C FF FF MOV AH, 9 MOV Step, -1

16 ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (Ý»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) îíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ ´ÇûñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÝ»ñÁ ´³Ûà (byte) ´³é (word) 2-byte (16 bit) - Ù»Ï ïíÛ³É ÎñÏݳÏÇ µ³é (doubleword) 4-byte (32 bit) - Ù»Ï ïíÛ³É ø³é³ÏÇ µ³é (quadword) 8-byte (64 bit) - Ù»Ï ïíÛ³É ä³ñ³·ñ³ý (paragraph) 16-byte (128 bit) - ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ¹³ßï Kilobyte, Megabyte »õ ³ÛÉÝ

17 ²ë»ÙµÉ»ñ É»½áõ (Ý»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) Ðñ³Ù³ÝÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñ, ÏáÝí»Û»ñ 1.Ññ³Ù³ÝÇ ÁÝïñáõÙ ù»ß ϳ٠ûå»ñ³ïÇí ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó 2.Ññ³Ù³ÝÇ í»ñͳÝáõÙ 3.ûå»ñ³Ý¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ëó»Ý»ñÇ áñáßáõÙ (ϳ½Ù³íáñáõÙ) 4.·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ï³ñáõÙ 5.³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ñ³ëó»Ç ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙ

18 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ N-1

19 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ Íñ³·Çñ M-1. N-1

20 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ Íñ³·ÇñïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ M-1 M+0 M+1 M+2. M+K. N-1

21 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ + (M+1), (M+2) Íñ³·Çñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ M-1 M+0 M+1 M+2. M+K. N-1

22 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ + (M+1), (M+2) Éñ³óáõóÇã Ññ³Ù³Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã Ññ³Ù³Ý Íñ³·Çñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ M-1 M+0 M+1 M+2 M+3. M+K. N-1

23 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ + (M+1), (M+2) Éñ³óáõóÇã Ññ³Ù³Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã Ññ³Ù³Ý Íñ³·Çñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ M-1 M+0 M+1 M+2 M+3. M+K. N-1 + (M+2), (M+3)

24 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ + 1, 2 + 1, Íñ³·ÇñïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ M-1 M+0 M+1 M+2. M+K. N-1 M

25 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ë»·Ù»Ýï³ÛÇÝ é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ ëï»ù ë»·Ù»Ýï ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ë»·Ù»Ýï Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ë»·Ù»Ýï ѳëó»Ñ³ëó» ѳëó» SS DS CSѳëó» ESѳëó» FSѳëó» GS

26 ê»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ »õ ë»·Ù»Ýï³ÛÇÝ é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ – Çó ÙÇÝã»õ 2 16 – 1 ϳ٠0 – Çó ÙÇÝã»õ – Çó ÙÇÝã»õ 2 20 – 1 ϳ٠0 – Çó ÙÇÝã»õ CS:n

27 òáõóÇã é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ EIP ESP EBP IP SP BP CS:IP SS:SP SS:BP

28 Æݹ»ùë³ÛÇÝ é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ ESI SI EDIDI

29 ÀݹѳÝáõñ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ EAX AH AL AH AL AX EBX BH BL BH BL BX ECX CH CL CH CL CX EDX DH DL DH DL DX

30 ÀݹѳÝáõñ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ EAX AH AL AH AL AX MOV AH, 1 MOV AL, 1 AX - ? MOV AH, 0 MOV AL, 127 ADD AX, 129 AH - ? AL - ? MOV AL, 1 ADD AL, 129 AH - ? AL - ?

31 äñáó»ëáñÇ íÇ׳ÏÇ »õ ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý é»·Çëïñ (¹ñáßÝ»ñÇ é»·Çëïñ) EFlags Flags O D I T S Z A P C ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý ¹ñáß Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáßÝ»ñ íÇ׳ÏÇ ¹ñáßÝ»ñ

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