Sheila Dziobon, University of Exeter 1 From Chance to Choice От случайности к выбору The Human Genome Project Проект Геном человека St Austell 22 October.

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Sheila Dziobon, University of Exeter 1 From Chance to Choice От случайности к выбору The Human Genome Project Проект Геном человека St Austell 22 October 2002 Шейла Дзёбон, Университет Эксцитер, The bilingual version of the presentation was supported by The Dynasty" Foundation (Russia), 2006

2 The Birthmark Родимое пятно by Nathaniel Hawthorne Perfection? Science - Fantasy or Reality? Risky Business? Consequences - gambling with our future or securing a better future? Совершенство? Научная Фантастика или Реальность? Рискованное дело? Последствия – игра с нашим будущим или гарантии лучшего будущего?

3

Sheila Dziobon, University of Exeter 4 GATTACA Columbia Pictures We now have discrimination down to a science Различает нас современная наука или дискриминирует? There is no gene for the human spirit Нет гена кодирующего душу человека

5 Assisted Reproductive Technology Всспомогательные репродуктивные технологии Continuous development of new technologies –To try and improve ART –Expand availability of treatment Продолжается разработка новых технологий –Попытки усовершенствовать ВРТ –Делать лечение доступным

6 ART - some facts ВРТ – некоторые факты In the year 2000 there were about 572,800 natural live births and 4,362 live births following ART: that is 0.76% There are 68 clinics in the UK - over 95% of people pay for their treatment В 2000 году 572,800 детей родились естественным образом и 4,362 с использованием ВРТ : это всего 0.76% В Великобритании 68 клиник – более 95% людей платят за лечение

7 Is the choice safe? Безопасен ли выбор? Research and Development –Rarely established in other species –Often first try with human embryos –Few controlled randomised trials –Not sure if beneficial/long term effects Исследования и развитие –Редко выявляется на других видах –Первые попытки часто производятся с человеческими эмбрионами –Мало контролируемых рандомизированных испытаний –Нет уверенности в благотворном/ долговременном эффекте

8 Choosing your Child Выбери себе ребенка Defining disease and disability Pre-implantation genetic selection diagnosis Genetic enhancement of embryos - why not? –patenting and commercialisation Определение заболевания и инвалидности Отбор преимплантационных генетических диагнозов Генетическое улучшение эмбрионов – почему бы и нет? –патентование и коммерциализация

9 HFEA - Research Licence HFEA-Исследовательская лицензия Advances in infertility treatment Knowledge about congenital disease Knowledge about causes of miscarriage Contraception PGD Knowledge about embryo development Knowledge about serious disease Developing treatment for serious disease Успехи в лечении бесплодия Исследование врожденных заболеваний Изучение причин вызывающих выкидыш контрацепция Преимплантационная генодиагностика Изучение развития эмбриона Изучение заболеваний имеющих серьезные последствия Улучшение методов лечения серьезных заболеваний

10 The Cloning Issue Проблемы клонирования Does this present any greater unknown than the other treatments? –Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1997 (UK not signatory) Suggested ban on –Cloning (human reproductive ban) –Sex Selection (except X linked diseases) –Creating embryos for research Больше ли здесь неизученного чем в других методах лечения? –Конференция по правам человека и Биомедицине 1997 (Великобритания не подписала договор) Запрет на –Клонирование (запрет на репродуктивное клонирование людей) –Выбор пола (кроме Х- сцепленных заболеваний) –Создание эмбрионов для исследований

11 Stem Cell Research Исследования стволовых клеток Patient consent for research - for any use, altruistic? Using Spare embryos - why not? Creating embryos for research Cloning embryos for research Согласие пациента на исследования – для любого использования, альтруизм? Использование запасных эмбрионов – почему нет? Создание эмбрионов для исследований Клонирование эмбрионов для исследований

Sheila Dziobon, University of Exeter 12 From Chance to Choice? От Случайности к Выбору? Where do we want to go from here? Куда мы захотим пойти дальше?