Проектная работа по английскому на тему «Music of Great Britain. The Beatles»

Members: 1.John Lennon 1.John Lennon 1.John Lennon 1.John Lennon 2.Paul McCartney 2.Paul McCartneyPaul McCartneyPaul McCartney 3.George Harrison 3.George HarrisonGeorge HarrisonGeorge Harrison 4.Ringo Starr 4.Ringo StarrRingo StarrRingo Starr

The Beatles. The Beatles were an English musical group from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands in the history of popular music. The Beatles were an English musical group from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands in the history of popular music.English LiverpoolJohn LennonPaul McCartneyGeorge HarrisonRingo Starrhistory of popular musicEnglish LiverpoolJohn LennonPaul McCartneyGeorge HarrisonRingo Starrhistory of popular music

1957–60: Formation In March 1957, while attending Quarry Bank Grammar School in Liverpool, John Lennon formed a skiffle group called The Quarrymen. Liverpool skiffleThe Quarrymen Lennon and the Quarrymen met guitarist Paul McCartney at the Woolton Garden Fête held at St. Peter's Church on 6 July 1957 and added him to the group a few days later. Woolton6 July1957 On 6 February 1958, the young guitarist George Harrison was invited to watch the group (who played under a variety of names) at Wilson Hall, Garston, Liverpool.6 February1958

In May 1960, the Silver Beetles toured northeast Scotland as a back-up band with singer Johnny Gentle.

Musical influences John Lennon said: "It was Elvis who really got me buying records. I thought that early stuff of his was great. The Bill Haley era passed me by, in a way. When his records came on the wireless, my mother used to hear them, but they didnt do anything for me. It was Elvis who got me hooked on beat music. ElvisBill Haley

1960–70: The Beatles Hamburg Finding themselves drummerless before their upcoming engagement in Hamburg, on 12 August 1960 the group invited Pete Best to become their drummer.12 August1960Pete Best The Beatles began playing in Hamburg at the Indra Club and moved on 4 October 1960 to the Kaiserkeller.4 October1960Kaiserkeller On 21 November 1960, Harrison was deported for having lied to the German authorities about his age.21 November1960 The reunited group played their first engagement on 17 December 1960 at the Casbah Club.17 December1960

The Beatles returned to Hamburg in April 1961, performing at the "Top Ten Club".Top Ten Club

Epstein took over as the group's manager in January 1962 and led The Beatles' quest for a British recording contract. Epstein had been manager of the record department at North End Music Store (NEMS).recording contract

Record contract After failing to impress Decca Records, Epstein went to the HMV store on Oxford Street in London to transfer the Decca tapes to discs. There, recording engineer Jim Foy referred him to Sid Coleman, who ran EMI's publishing arm. HMVOxford StreetLondon

George Martin previewing a song by McCartney and Lennon in George Martin Martin did have a problem with Pete Best, whom he criticised for not being able to keep time. He privately suggested to Epstein that the band use another drummer in the studio.

The Beatles' first EMI session on 6 June 1962 did not yield any recordings considered worthy of release, but the September sessions a few months later produced a minor UK hit, "Love Me Do».6 June1962Love Me Do On 26 November 1962, they recorded their second single "Please Please Me».26 November1962Please Please Me Three months later, they recorded their first album (also titled Please Please Me)..Please Me

America Although the band experienced huge popularity on the UK record charts in early 1963, EMI's American operation, Capitol Records, declined to issue the singles "Please Please Me" and "From Me to You" (their first official number one hit in the UK).Capitol RecordsPlease Please MeFrom Me to You

In August 1963, Philadelphia-based Swan Records released "She Loves You".Swan RecordsShe Loves You In early November 1963, Brian Epstein persuaded Ed Sullivan to present The Beatles on three editions of his show in February, and parlayed this guaranteed exposure into a record deal with Capitol Records. Capitol committed to a mid-January release for "I Want to Hold Your Hand". Ed SullivanI Want to Hold Your Hand

Several New York radio stationsfirst WMCA, then WINS and WABCbegan playing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" on its release day.WMCAWINS WABC The record sold one million copies in just ten days, and by 16 January 1964, Cashbox magazine had certified the record number one.16 January 1964Cashbox

Beatlemania crosses the Atlantic On 7 February 1964, a crowd of four thousand fans at Heathrow Airport waved to The Beatles as they took off for their first trip to the United States as a group.7 February1964Heathrow AirportUnited States

After The Beatles' huge success in 1964, Vee-Jay Records and Swan Records took advantage of their previously secured rights to the group's early recordings and reissued the songs, all of which reached the top ten the second time around.Vee-Jay RecordsSwan Records

The Vee-Jay/Swan- issued recordings eventually ended up with Capitol, which issued most of the Vee-Jay material on the American-only Capitol release The Early Beatles, with three songs left off this final US version of the album.The Early Beatles

The Beatles received their MBEs at Buckingham Palace.

In mid-1964 the band undertook their first appearances outside of Europe and North America, touring Australia without Ringo Starr. EuropeNorth America AustraliaRingo Starr In June 1965, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II appointed the four Beatles Members of the Order of the British Empire.The band members were nominated by Prime Minister Harold WilsonHer Majesty Queen Elizabeth IIHarold Wilson

On 15 August 1965, the Beatles performed the first major stadium concert in the history of rock 'n' roll at Shea Stadium in New York.15 August1965Shea Stadium

Their sixth album, Rubber Soul, was released in early December Rubber Soul

Backlash and controversy In July 1966, when The Beatles toured the Philippines, they unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos, who had expected the group to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace..

Almost as soon as they returned from the Philippines, an earlier comment by Lennon made in March that year launched a backlash against The Beatles from religious and social conservatives in the United States.

The group's two-year series of Capitol compilations also took a strange twist in the United States when one of their publicity shots, used for a Yesterday and Today album and a poster promoting the UK release of "Paperback Writer", created an uproar, as it featured the band dressed in butchers' overalls, draped in meat and plastic dolls.Yesterday and Today

Elvis Presley disapproved of The Beatles's anti-war activism and open use of drugs. Elvis Presley In contrast, Bob Dylan recognised the Beatles' contribution.Bob Dylan

The end of the first part.

Studio years In April 1966, the group began recording what would be their most ambitious album to date, Revolver.Revolver The Beatles returned to Abbey Road Studios on 24 November 1966 to begin the 129-day recording sessions for their eighth album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, released on 1 June 1967.Abbey Road Studios24 November1966Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band1 June1967

On 25 June 1967, The Beatles became the first band globally transmitted on television.25 June1967 The band's business affairs began to unravel after manager Brian Epstein died of an accidental prescription drug overdose on 27 August 1967 at the age of 32. At the end of 1967, they received their first major negative press in the UK with disparaging reviews of their surrealistic TV film Magical Mystery Tour..Brian Epsteindrug overdose27 August1967Magical Mystery Tour

The middle of 1968 saw the band busy recording the double album The Beatles, popularly known as The White Album. The band carried on, with McCartney recording the drums on the songs "Martha My Dear", "Wild Honey Pie", "Dear Prudence" and "Back in the USSR". Among the other causes of dissension were that Lennon's new girlfriend, Yoko Ono. The BeatlesMartha My DearWild Honey PieDear PrudenceBack in the USSRYoko Ono

On the business side, McCartney wanted Lee Eastman, the father of his then-girlfriend Linda Eastman, to manage The Beatles, but the other members wanted New York manager Allen Klein.Lee EastmanLinda EastmanAllen Klein In 1971, it was discovered that Klein, who had been appointed manager, had stolen £5 million from The Beatles' holdings.

Breakup: Let It Be Their final live performance was on the rooftop of the Apple building at 3 Savile Row, London, on 30 January 1969, the next-to-last day of the difficult sessions for what eventually became the Let It Be album..on the rooftop Savile Row30 January1969Let It Be

The Beatles recorded their final album, Abbey Road, in the summer of The completion of the song "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" for the album on 20 August 1969 was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio.Abbey RoadI Want You (She's So Heavy) 20 August1969 Their final new song was Harrison's "I Me Mine", recorded 3 January 1970 and released on the Let It Be album.I Me Mine3 January1970Let It Be

In March 1970, the Get Back session tapes were given to American producer Phil Spector, who had produced Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma!".Phil SpectorInstant Karma! McCartney publicly announced the break-up on 10 April 1970, a week before releasing his first solo album, McCartney10 April1970 McCartney

1970–present: After The Beatles Shortly before and after the official dissolution of the group, all four Beatles released solo albums.

John Lennon/Plastic Ono BandJohn Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.

McCartney's McCartney.McCartney

Starr's Sentimental JourneySentimental Journey

Harrison's All Things Must PassAll Things Must Pass

Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974 (later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74), Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again.A Toot and a Snore in '74

In the wake of the expiration in 1975 of The Beatles' contract with EMI-Capitol, the American Capitol label, rushing to cash in on its vast Beatles holdings and freed from the group's creative control, released five LPs: 1)Rock 'n' Roll Music (a compilation of their more uptempo numbers);Rock 'n' Roll Music

The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (containing portions of two unreleased shows at the Hollywood Bowl); The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl

Love Songs (a compilation of their slower numbers); Love Songs

Rarities (a compilation of tracks that either had never been released in the U.S. or had gone out of print); Rarities

Reel MusicReel Music (a compilation of songs from their films).

There was also a non-Capitol-EMI release of a show from the group's early days at the Star Club in Hamburg captured on a poor-quality tape. Of all these post-breakup LPs, only the Hollywood Bowl LP had the approval of the group members. Upon the American release of the original British CDs in 1986, these post- breakup Capitol American compilation LPs were deleted from the Capitol catalogue.a non-Capitol-EMI release

John Lennon was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman on 8 December 1980 in New York City.Mark David Chapman8 December1980

Shortly afterward, in 1981, the three surviving Beatles reunited to record "All Those Years Ago", released as a George Harrison solo single. Its original lyrics had been rewritten as a tribute to Lennon.All Those Years Ago

Live at the BBC The BBC has a large collection of Beatles recordings, mostly comprising original studio sessions from 1963 to Much of this material formed the basis for a 1988 radio documentary series The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes. In 1989, many outtakes from The Beatles sessions appeared on the radio series The Lost Lennon Tapes. Later, in 1994, the best of the BBC sessions were given an official EMI release on Live at the BBC. Live at the BBC radiodocumentaryThe Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes Live at the BBC

Solo Beatles later inducted were Lennon in 1994, McCartney in 1999 and Harrison in 2004.

In February 1994, the three surviving Beatles reunited to produce and record additional music for a few of Lennon's home recordings. "Free as a Bird" premiered as part of The Beatles Anthology series of television documentaries and was released as a single in December 1995, with "Real Love" following in March 1996.Free as a BirdThe Beatles AnthologysingleReal Love

Klaus Voormann, who had known The Beatles since their Hamburg days and had previously illustrated the Revolver album cover, directed the Anthology cover concept. Klaus VoormannRevolver

In the late 1990s, George Harrison was diagnosed with lung cancer. He succumbed to the disease on 29 November 2001.lung cancer29 November2001

In 2006, George Martin and his son Giles Martin remixed original Beatles recordings to create a soundtrack to accompany Cirque du Soleil's theatrical production Love. Yoko Ono and Olivia Harrison also appeared with McCartney and Starr in Las Vegas for the one year anniversary of Love.Giles MartinsoundtrackCirque du SoleilLove

Musical evolution The Beatles' constant demands to create new sounds on every new recording, combined with George Martin's arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers such as Norman Smith, Ken Townsend and Geoff Emerick, all played significant parts in the innovative sounds of the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967).Norman SmithKen Townsend Geoff EmerickRubber Soul RevolverSgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries. Among those influences were Bob Dylan, who influenced songs such as "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)". Bob DylanYou've Got to Hide Your Love AwayNorwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)

Other contemporary influences included the Byrds and the Beach Boys, whose album Pet Sounds was a favourite of McCartney's.the Byrdsthe Beach BoysPet Sounds the Byrds the Beach Boysthe Byrdsthe Beach Boys

The Beatles began to augment their recordings with instruments that were unconventional for rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar as in "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" and the swarmandel as in "Strawberry Fields Forever". sitarswarmandelStrawberry Fields Forever

They also used early electronic instruments such as the Mellotron, with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the intro to "Strawberry Fields Forever", and the ondioline, an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe-like sound on "Baby You're a Rich Man".Mellotron fluteondiolineBaby You're a Rich Man

Beginning with the use of a string quartet (arranged by George Martin with input from McCartney) on "Yesterday" in 1965, The Beatles pioneered a modern form of art song, exemplified by the double- quartet string arrangement on "Eleanor Rigby" (1966), "Here, There and Everywhere" (1966) and "She's Leaving Home" (1967). The Beatles moved towards psychedelia with "Rain" and "Tomorrow Never Knows" from 1966, and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus" from 1967.Yesterdayart songEleanor RigbyHere, There and EverywhereShe's Leaving HomepsychedeliaRainTomorrow Never KnowsLucy in the Sky with DiamondsStrawberry Fields ForeverI Am the Walrus

Achievements Throughout their relatively short career, the Beatles set a number of world records most of which have yet to be broken. The following is a partial list:

Albums The Beatles have a record six diamond-selling albums (10 million copies): Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles, Abbey Road, The Beatles: , The Beatles: , and The Beatles 1.Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band The BeatlesAbbey RoadThe Beatles: The Beatles: The Beatles 1 The Beatles spent the highest number of weeks at number one in the albums chart (174 in the UK and 132 in the U.S.). The most successful first week of sales for a double album (The Beatles Anthology Volume 1, which sold 855,473 copies in the U.S. from 21 November to 28 November 1995).double albumThe Beatles Anthology21 November28 November 1995 The Beatles have the fastest selling CD of all time with 1. It sold over 13 million copies in four weeks.CD The Beatles were the youngest group to top the UK album charts with their debut album; however, McFly has since topped this record with their debut album in 2004UKalbum chartsMcFly

Performances With their performance at Shea Stadium in 1965, The Beatles set new world records for concert attendance (55,600) and revenue. This was the first time in the history of popular music anyone had played in a proper stadium as opposed to a theatre or concert hall.Shea Stadium

The Beatles broke television ratings records in the U.S. with their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show with over 70 million people viewing. Crime reportedly fell by a third during the duration of the transmission, although this eventually turned out to be false. On 30 June 1966, the Beatles became the first musical group to perform at the Nippon Budokan Hall in Tokyo. They performed five times in three days gathering audiences of about 10,000 per performance.30 June1966Nippon Budokan HallTokyo

Influence on popular culture

Lifestyle The Beatles' lifestyles were greatly altered by their success and the income they earned. The availability of the first oral contraceptive and illegal drugs changed many people's opinions including The Beatles' about life, marriage, and sexual relationships.first oral contraceptive

Official CD catalogue In 1987, EMI released all 12 of The Beatles' studio albums – as originally released in the UK – on CD worldwide. (North American releases were on EMI's American subsidiary, Capitol Records.) It was a considered decision by Apple Corps to standardise The Beatles catalogue throughout the world. Because there were tracks that appeared in the UK only on singles and EPs, but not on any of the original UK LPs, it was necessary to create three further CDs containing the missing tracks in order for all their recordings to be available on CD.studio albumsCD Capitol Records One CD was of a 1967 US compilation album that featured the 6-track 1967 UK EP Magical Mystery Tour and the various singles released in that year. The other two CDs were new compilations that gathered together all the other singles, EP tracks and recordings from 1962–1970 that had not been issued on the original British studio albums.

Abbey Road Magical Mystery Tour - 8 August 1987 Magical Mystery Tour8 August1987 Past Masters, Volume One - 7 March 1988 Past Masters, Volume One7 March1988 Past Masters, Volume Two - 7 March 1988 Past Masters, Volume Two7 March1988 According to EMI and the Guinness World Records, The Beatles have sold in excess of one billion units (1,010,000,000, including cassettes, records, CDs and bootlegs).Guinness World Records Beginning in 2004, the US album configurations were released as a series of box sets from Capitol Records (The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 and Volume 2); these included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of their original 1960s releases.Volume 1Volume 2