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GREAT BRITAIN Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the United Kingdom. The historic nations of England, Scotland and Wales are mostly situated on the island, along with their capital cities. Geographically, the island is marked by low, rolling countryside in the east and south, while hills and mountains predominate in the western and northern regions. Before the end of the last ice age, Great Britain was a peninsula of Europe; the rising sea levels caused by glacial melting at the end of the ice age caused the formation of the English Channel, the body of water which now separates Great Britain from continental Europe at a minimum distance of 21 miles (34 km). Political definition "Great Britain" is no longer officially used for a country, but simply is an island in the United Kingdom. Great Britain has evolved politically from the gradual union of England and Scotland which started in 1603 with the Union of Crowns under James VI of Scotland and eventually resulted in the Acts of Union in 1707 which merged the parliaments of each nation and thus resulted in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain, which covered the entire island, to the situation following 1801 in which Great Britain together with the island of Ireland constituted the larger United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1922 following the independence of five-sixths of Ireland as first the Irish Free State, a Dominion of the then British Commonwealth, and then later as an independent republic outside the British Commonwealth as the Republic of Ireland. British Isleslargest islandEuropeContinental EuropeIrelandterritoryUnited KingdomEnglandScotlandWalesice agepeninsulaEnglish ChannelEnglandScotlandUnion of CrownsJames VI of ScotlandActs of UnionKingdom of Great Britain IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Irish Free StateDominionBritish CommonwealthRepublic of IrelandBritish Isleslargest islandEuropeContinental EuropeIrelandterritoryUnited KingdomEnglandScotlandWalesice agepeninsulaEnglish ChannelEnglandScotlandUnion of CrownsJames VI of ScotlandActs of UnionKingdom of Great Britain IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Irish Free StateDominionBritish CommonwealthRepublic of Ireland

History The Battle of Waterloo marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars. England and Scotland had existed as separate sovereign and independent states with their own monarchs and political structures since the 9th century. The once independent Principality of Wales fell under the control of English monarchs from the Statute of Rhuddlan in Under the Acts of Union 1707, England and Scotland, which had been in personal union since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, agreed to a political union in the form of a unified Kingdom of Great Britain.The Act of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland, which had been gradually brought under English control between 1541 and 1691, to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Independence for the Irish Free State in 1922 followed the partition of the island of Ireland two years previously, with six of the nine counties of the province of Ulster remaining within the UK, which then changed to the current name in 1927 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Britain played an important part in the Age of Enlightenment with philosophical and scientific input and a literary and theatrical tradition. Over the next century the United Kingdom played an important role in developing Western ideas of parliamentary democracy with significant contributions to literature, the arts and science. The UK-led Industrial Revolution transformed the country and fuelled the British Empire. During this time, like other Great Powers, the UK was involved in colonial exploitation, including the slave trade, while the passing of the 1807 Slave Trade Act also made the UK the first nation to prohibit trade in slaves. Battle of WaterlooNapoleonic Wars EnglandScotlandmonarchsPrincipality of WalesStatute of RhuddlanActs of Union 1707personal unionUnion of the CrownsKingdom of Great BritainAct of Union 1800Kingdom of Ireland1691United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandIrish Free StatepartitioncountiesprovinceUlsterchangedAge of Enlightenment philosophicalscientificliterarytheatricalWesternparliamentary democracyliteratureartsscienceIndustrial RevolutionBritish EmpireGreat Powersslave tradeSlave Trade ActBattle of WaterlooNapoleonic Wars EnglandScotlandmonarchsPrincipality of WalesStatute of RhuddlanActs of Union 1707personal unionUnion of the CrownsKingdom of Great BritainAct of Union 1800Kingdom of Ireland1691United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandIrish Free StatepartitioncountiesprovinceUlsterchangedAge of Enlightenment philosophicalscientificliterarytheatricalWesternparliamentary democracyliteratureartsscienceIndustrial RevolutionBritish EmpireGreat Powersslave tradeSlave Trade Act

Kingdom of Great Britain God Save the King/QueenTerritory of the Kingdom of Great Britain Capital London Language English Scottish Gaelic Government Constitutional monarchy. The Royal motto used in Scotland was Nemo Me Impune Lacessit The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a state in Western Europe, in existence from 1707 to It was created by the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, under the Acts of Union 1707, to create a single kingdom encompassing the whole of the island of Great Britain. A new single parliament and government, based in Westminster in London, controlled the new kingdom. The two separate kingdoms of Scotland and England had shared the same monarch since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I. The Kingdom of Great Britain was superseded by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 when the Kingdom of Ireland was absorbed with the enactment of the Act of Union 1800 following the suppression of the Irish Rebellion of God Save the King/QueenCapitalLondonEnglishScottish GaelicGovernmentConstitutional monarchyNemo Me Impune LacessitstateWestern EuropeKingdom of Scotland Kingdom of EnglandActs of Union 1707Great BritainWestminsterLondonshared the same monarchJames VI, King of ScotsQueen Elizabeth I United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandKingdom of IrelandAct of Union 1800Irish Rebellion of 1798 God Save the King/QueenCapitalLondonEnglishScottish GaelicGovernmentConstitutional monarchyNemo Me Impune LacessitstateWestern EuropeKingdom of Scotland Kingdom of EnglandActs of Union 1707Great BritainWestminsterLondonshared the same monarchJames VI, King of ScotsQueen Elizabeth I United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandKingdom of IrelandAct of Union 1800Irish Rebellion of 1798