Seminar on Embedded systems Seminar on Embedded systems BY A.R.Nantha kumar R.Pradeep Kumar

EMBEDDED SYSTEM EMBEDDED SYSTEM b Interfacing of hardware and software to achieve a specific task. b An embedded system is any device controlled by instructions stored on a chip. b Embedded systems are the unsung heroes of much of the technology we use today -- the video game we play, or the CD player or the washing machines we use employ them. Without an embedded system we would not even be able to go online using modem.

REAL TIME EXAMPLES REAL TIME EXAMPLES b Every day, people throughout the world use embedded systems without even knowing it. In fact, embedded systems invisibility is its very beauty; users reap the advantages without having to understand the intricacies of the technology. b Embedded systems are found at home, at work, and even in recreational devices. b Indeed, it is difficult to find a segment of daily life that does not involve embedded systems in some way.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM IN HOME and WORK ENVIRONMENT EMBEDDED SYSTEM IN HOME and WORK ENVIRONMENT IN HOME IN WORK CABLES > PRINTERS > SATELLITE BOXES> CABLE MODEMS > HOME THEATRES> COMPUTERS > TELEPHONE ANSWERING MACHINES > ENTERPRISE NETWORK ROUTERS

Embedded systems have received a major shot in the arm as the result of three developments. Embedded systems have received a major shot in the arm as the result of three developments. The first was the development of standard run-time platforms like java, which enabled their use in myriad ways that were unimaginable in the past. The first was the development of standard run-time platforms like java, which enabled their use in myriad ways that were unimaginable in the past. The second was the coming together of embedded systems and the Internet, which made possible the networking of several embedded systems to operate as part of a large system across networks. The second was the coming together of embedded systems and the Internet, which made possible the networking of several embedded systems to operate as part of a large system across networks. The third was the emergence of several integrated software environments, which simplified the implementations of these applications. The third was the emergence of several integrated software environments, which simplified the implementations of these applications.

Characteristics of Embedded Systems Application specificApplication specific –Jobs are known a priori –Static scheduling of tasks and allocation of resources Real timeReal time –Hardware/software tradeoff –Exceptions ReactiveReactive –Interacts with external environment continuously Hierarchy of behaviorsHierarchy of behaviors –Sequential and concurrent sub behaviors

Design requirements Design requirements Real time/reaction operationReal time/reaction operation Small size, low weightSmall size, low weight Safe and reliableSafe and reliable Harsh environmentHarsh environment Cost sensitivityCost sensitivity

System level requirements for embedded system End-product utilityEnd-product utility System safety & reliabilitySystem safety & reliability Controlling physical systemsControlling physical systems Power managementPower management End-product utilityEnd-product utility –Challenge: Software- and I/O-driven hardware synthesis (as opposed to hardware-driven software compilation/synthesis

System safety & reliability System safety & reliability –Challenges: –Reliable software –Cheap, available systems using unreliable components –Electronic vs. non-electronic design tradeoffs Controlling physical systems –Challenge: Distributed system tradeoffs among analog, power, mechanical, network, and digital hardware plus software

Embedded system lifecycle

Engineering problem Embedded systems can be very complex: Up to hundreds of millions transistors and thousands of components. Embedded systems can be very complex: Up to hundreds of millions transistors and thousands of components.

Co-design SW and HW partitioning done at an early stage and development henceforth proceeds independently HW-SW co-design allow hw and sw design to proceed in parallel with interactions and feedback between the two processes

Hierarchical design Hierarchical design Design work is Split by Subsections. then. Hardware synthesis. Hardware synthesis. Software Synthesis and Code Generation. Software Synthesis and Code Generation. Simulation. Simulation. Implementation. Implementation

Software/Hardware INTERFACE Software/Hardware INTERFACE Simultaneous design of both hardware and software to implement in a desired function Simultaneous design of both hardware and software to implement in a desired function

EMBEDDED SYSTEM EMBEDDED SYSTEM Embedded systems are inventions that were fuelled by the idea of making pre-programs to perform a dedicated narrow range of functions as part of large systems. Embedded systems are inventions that were fuelled by the idea of making pre-programs to perform a dedicated narrow range of functions as part of large systems. Embedded systems is based on instruction-oriented design but not on design-oriented instructions. Embedded systems is based on instruction-oriented design but not on design-oriented instructions.

FROM MECHANICAL-ELECTRICAL TO ELECTRONICS & EMBEDDED S/W

What is an Embedded OS? b b An "embedded system" is any computer system or computing device that performs a dedicated function or is designed for use with a specific embedded software application.

OS USED IN EMBEDDED S/Y Most commonly used OS are QNX Embedded Linux Windows CE

QNX 4 RIOS Developed by QNX Software Systems Ltd. This is used in applications which need high reliability, superior performance, sophisticated functionality, and massive scalability. Example – consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive systems, medical instrumentation

Embedded Linux b b In the past two years, Linux has become popular on embedded devices. b b It is mainly applied in telecom routers and switches, Internet appliances and automotive applications. b b One of the major advantages of Linux is that it is a fully functional OS, with support for network that is becoming a very important requirement in embedded systems because people need to "compute anywhere, anytime".

b b Developed by Microsoft. b b Application consumer electronics - handheld PC -Auto PC -video game player -digital camera Industrial devices -Barcode reader -programmable logic controller Windows CE

APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS Daily usage like Washing machine Washing machine Remote Remote Entertainment (audio/video) Entertainment (audio/video) Clocks Clocks Games Games

AUTOMOTIVE AUTOMOTIVE – Motor control – Power windows _ seats – Safety (airbag) – Information

COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION oWireless (Pager, Cell phone) (Pager, Cell phone) oTelephone o Answering machines o Networking oATM oEthernet.

MILITARY MILITARY.Target recognition.Guidance.Navigation.Nuclear weapon

MEDICAL FIELD MEDICAL FIELD.Medical imaging.Electronic stethoscope.Monitoring

USES: b Embedded systems are used in navigation tools like global positioning system (GPS), automated teller machines (ATMs), networking equipment, digital video cameras, mobile phones, aerospace applications, telecom applications, etc. All these application areas are just tiny drops in the big ocean of embedded systems technology

THE REVOLUTION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM The vast majority (98%) of processors in the world are hidden inside Embedded Systems 4 billion embedded processors sold last year 4 billion embedded processors sold last year 16 billion embedded devices by billion embedded devices by billion by billion by 2020 Increased innovation Increased innovation 90% of future innovations will stem from 90% of future innovations will stem from advances in Embedded Systems advances in Embedded Systems

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION b We thank you for spending your precious time and we hope that you all may enjoy more and more advanced features from this fast growing embedded technology. b As an electronics students, we should also be in a position to contribute more to this field.

THANK YOU THANK YOU

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