Материал подготовлен Журбиной С.М.

Используйте формальный стиль письма, а именно: не используйте сокращенных форм не используйте скобки и восклицательные знаки не используйте вводные слова характерные для неформального стиля ( well, you know и т.д.) избегайте слишком простых предложений. Объединяйте простые предложения в сложные, используя логические средства связи

строить высказывание в соответствии с предложенным планом в первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему, которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами введение и заключение должны быть приблизительно одинаковы по объему

в основной части должно быть как минимум два абзаца, приблизительно одинаковых по размеру общий объем основной части не должен быть меньше общего объема введения и заключения особое внимание уделять средствам логической связи текста, как внутри предложений, так и между предложениями

в основной части сначала представить аргументы «за» в первом абзаце, затем во втором – аргументы «против» число аргументов «за» и «против» должно быть сбалансированным (может быть одинаковым) как минимум два в заключении еще раз указать на проблемный характер темы; подытожить аргументы «за» и «против»; подвести итог сказанному. хотя тема сформулирована как «за и против», а не «ваше мнение», в заключении уместно высказать свое мнение или, наоборот подчеркнуть, что у автора не сложилось свое мнение по данному вопросу

в основной части сначала высказать свое мнение и аргументировать его, затем представить другие точки зрения и дать аргументацию, почему вы с ними не согласны. Аргументов и контраргументов должно быть как минимум два. приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, желательно выражать свое мнение не теми же словами, что раньше, а использовать перифраз, синонимию в заключении еще раз указать на проблемный характер темы; показать, что хотя у вас есть свое мнение, вы способны видеть и другие точки зрения; тем не менее, своя кажется вам более убедительной

I agree / disagree… In my opinion,…/ From my point of view,... I believe that…/ It seems to me that… I am in favour of…/ I am against the idea of… According to… Some people say that… It is said / believed that… There is no doubt that… It goes without saying that… We must admit that…

The main argument in favour / against is... First of all, I should like to consider… To begin with…/ To start with… Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that… On the one hand…/ On the other hand,… Besides,…/ In addition,… What is more,…/ Moreover,…/ More than that,… Finally,… Nevertheless..

for this reason therefore / that is why because of as a result owing to / due to

for example for instance such as like

To sum up, To conclude, In conclusion, I would like to stress that… All in all, I believe that…

You have 60 minutes to do this task. Comment on the following statement. Extreme sports have taken off in a big way over the last twenty years. However, quite a few object to these dangerous sports, highlighting the risk of accident. What is your opinion? Do you understand people who are fond of extreme sports? Write words. Use the following plan: -make an introduction (state the problem) -express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion -express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion -explain why you dont agree with the opposing opinion -make a conclusion restating your position

There is no doubt that extreme sports are very popular nowadays. Nevertheless, they are considered rather dangerous and it is quite difficult to understand why people put their lives at risk. As for me, I can understand people who are addicted to risky sports. First of all, they try extreme sports for the thrill and excitement. They just want to experience new emotions and for them extreme sport is an antidote to our safety-first world. Besides, risky sports enable people to confront fears and to satisfy their curiosity. Finally, young people usually take risks because they want to look daring and outrageous. However, parents are often against extreme sports because of the possibility of injury. They are also afraid that young people will become addicted to taking risks and will take life to extremes.

In fact, many extreme sports are even less dangerous than traditional ones. I am sure that improvements in equipments will allow the reduction in risk and if you do not take things to the edge, extreme sports are rather safe. In addiction, risky sports help people to relax and to find new friends who share the same passion. In my opinion, it is much better than drug addiction. To sum up, I strongly believe that extreme sports are as beneficial as traditional ones. They offer the opportunity to carve your own path and find out where limits lie. Personally, I am not a risk taker but I respect people who go to extremes.

You have 40 minutes to do this task. Comment on the following statement. Many people believe that the only way to lose weight is following a special diet. However, doctors consider dieting harmful to our health. What can you say for and against following a diet? Which way of keeping fit do you prefer? Write words. Use the following plan: -make an introduction (state the problem) -give arguments «for» -give arguments «against» -draw a conclusion based on the given arguments

Nowadays many people think that they are too fat even if their doctors disagree. They think the best way to improve their fitness is following a diet. But is dieting really so effective and healthy? On the one hand, if you want to lose weight it is very important to keep your eye on what you eat. To begin with, you should cut out snacks and desserts, which add weight without boosting energy levels. Besides, you ought to cut down on fat as it is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity. Finally, you may count the number of calories you eat every day, which may substantially reduce the amount of food you eat and help to lose weight.

On the other hand, strict dieting may be dangerous. Firstly, the lower the calories eaten per day, the harder it is to get the daily requirements of proteins and vitamins. In addition, excessive dieting causes muscle loss and this loss may be from your heart with severe consequences. Moreover, dieting lowers your metabolic rate, so when you return to your normal food intake, you will put on weight even faster than before. To conclude, I believe that to stay healthy everybody should follow a sensible, well-balanced diet that gives their body exactly what it needs. However, I think the best way of keeping fit is doing sports. If you do regular exercise, you can eat and drink whatever you want because you are burning it all off.