Презентацию подготовили ученики 9 А класса Атауш Вероника Низовцева Анна Бардело Ксения Цихий Артём Косарева Александра Васильева Александра Скляров Александр Руководитель проекта Павлова Татьяна Викторовна

At dawn on June 22, 1941, fascist Germany attacked the Soviet Union without declaring war and the Great Patriotic War which was to last about four years began.

The fascists were sure that they would easily win the victory. They had great, strong army, the advantage of a surprise attack and they had already conquered many European countries.

Our people rose as one man against the cruel and terrible enemy. Soviet soldiers courageously met the nazis and fought them to the last.

Pravda wrote on June 24, 1945, about the border guards: They fought hand in hand and it was only over their dead bodies that the enemy troops moved forward.

Brest Fortress near the border held out for a month. The heroic defenders were cut off from the entire country, the front having moved hundreds of miles east. Still they continued to fight on. We shall die before we give up the fortress, they wrote with their blood on a paper that they hung over the fortress wall. The nazis broke into the fortress only after its defenders had been killed.

Heroic Odessa and Kiev resisted the enemy for more than two months.

The defence of Leningrad began on July 10 and lasted nearly three years.

The enemy wanted to capture our capital at all costs. Suffering tremendous losses, the nazis reached the outskirts of Moscow by late autumn The enemy wanted to capture our capital at all costs. Suffering tremendous losses, the nazis reached the outskirts of Moscow by late autumn 1941.

In those days the city presented a grim, unusual sight… In those days the city presented a grim, unusual sight…

Curtains were tightly drawn to keep the blackout. Shop- windows were protected by sand bags. There were hardly any people in the streets. On the outskirts people worked day and night, digging deep ditches and putting up defence installations. The enemy will not pass! they said.

Meanwhile, it was announced to the entire world that on November 7, 1941, there would be a parade of German fascist troops in Moscows Red Square.

There was a parade on November 7 in Red Square but only of Red Army troops who marched through the square on their way to the front.

The entire country rallied to Moscows defence. The citys defenders performed many heroic feats. They did everything possible and, sometimes, seemingly the impossible, to bar the enemys way to the capital.

Russia is vast, but there is nowhere to retreat – Moscow is behind us!, said the hero-soldiers from the division of General Panfilov. These words became the motto of all the defenders of Moscow. The nazis failed to break through.

The Stalingrad Battle began on July 17, Despite the stubborn resistance the enemy broke into the city on September 13. But the Soviet troops did not retreat across the Volga. They defended every street, every building.

The defenders of Stalingrad took an oath: … we swear that we shall defend Stalingrad to the last drop of our blood, to the last breath, to the last beat of our hearts and shall not let the enemy through to the Volga. The soldiers kept their oath: the enemy was smashed at the walls of Stalingrad.

It was the turning-point of the great Patriotic War as well as of the Second World War. The Battle of Stalingrad aroused the admiration of the people that were fighting fascism and inspired the Resistance forces in enemy-occupied countries. It became possible to begin a general offensive, and to start driving the enemy out of all our territory.

The Battle of Kursk. The nazis offered furious resistance. On July, 5, 1943, enemy tanks, assault guns and infantry, supported by aviation artillery, moved in the direction of Kursk. They planned to encircle and destroy the Soviet troops fighting on the Kursk Bulge.

But they came up against a strong system of fortifications. Our troops crushed the nazis and launched a counter- offensive and freed the cities of Orel and Belgorod. The strategic initiative captured by the Soviet Army at Stalingrad was consolidated.

During July – August 1944 Byelorussia was completely freed, so were a large part of Lithuania, part of Latvia and the eastern regions of Poland. In the summer of 1944, the Soviet Armed Forces completely drove the invaders from our territory and restored the state border of the USSR along its entire length.

In April, 1945, the Soviet Army began the Berlin Operation, during which an almost million-strong enemy force was smashed. Our troops surrounded Berlin on April 25. On May 2 Berlin fell. The act of unconditional surrender of fascist Germany was signed on May 8, 1945.

To understand the historic importance of this victory we have to understand the danger that threatened the Soviet people, the world and civilization. Thanks to the bravery of the army at the front, the partisans and to the heroic labour of the entire country the nazis were stopped.

Many people who remained behind the front lines went to the forests and organized partisan groups there.

Operations by the partisans did much to help the Soviet Army. The enemies themselves admitted that transport system very often got completely out of control as a result of the partisans subversive activities on the railways.

During the combat operations the partisans disabled about a million enemy officers and soldiers. They had no fear. They were ready to defend our Motherland to the last.

In 1944 in Byelorussia a whole partisan army came out of the woods to meet the Soviet troops. During the nazi occupation partisans inflicted heavy losses on the German forces. It was a vivid manifestation of the Soviet peoples patriotism and courage, of their hatred of the enemy.

The training of the work force for military-industry enterprises was organized to replace the skilled workers who had gone to the front. Overtime was made obligatory.

Everything was for the front. The economic victory they forged became the foundation of the military defeat of fascism.

From the first day, even from the first hours of the war, Soviet intellectuals dedicated themselves to fighting the enemy. Thousands of journalists, artists, composers, actors got into uniforms and joined the army.

Vsevolod Vishnevsky ( ) Those who stayed in the rear also made their contribution to the common victory. While the guns thundered the Soviet muse did not stay silent, but spoke in many voices.

V. Serov in his workshop That is why the images of heroes of the front and rear are seen again and again in novels, poems, plays, in paintings, sculptures, films and echoed in music.

Publicism above all means intrusion into life, into its very depths. Its voice resounded with particular force and passion during the Great Patriotic War. It is not for nothing that it was called a fiery genre.

Describing the war events, the Soviet writers have created a tragic and heroic chronicle of the war from the first to the last day. They served in the trenches, in editorial offices of army newspapers, in partisan detachments.

Many of them (more than 400) did not return from the battlefields. The works about the war has been an enormous contribution to the world literature.

On June 24, Lebedev- Kumach published his verse Peoples Holy War, later it was turned into a song and became a symbol of the Great Patriotic War.

Rise up, beloved Soviet land, To meet the fascist foe, To stay his strong and evil hand, Go forth, to battle go! Let anger like a rising tide With mighty vengeful roar, Drive forward into victory, The peoples holy war.

Among those front-line poets who fell on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War are well known poets like Joseph Utkin, Mussa Jalil and young men just started on writing and already showing great promise – Boris Bogatkov, Vladislav Zanadvorov, Boris Kostrov, Georgi Suvorov.

Boris Bogatkov Bogatkov joined the army at the very start of the Great Patriotic War. During a nazi air raid he was shell-shocked and was demobilized on grounds of health. Then he returned to the acting army and commanded a platoon of submachine gunners. Senior Sergeant Bogatkov wrote verses and composed an anthem for the division. On August 11, 1943, in the battle in the region of Smolensk he stormed the enemy trenches. In this battle Boris Bogatkov died a hero death.

Ahead are deserted cities And fields that have not been sown. It pains me to know that my Russia Across that glade is not my own. We have vowed that once again Well reconquer our native land, And even in savage encounters We soldiers know – nothing will stand In our way, neither close-flying bullets Nor the fire spit by the fill- boxers… If only wed hear the brief order Weve so long awaited: Forward ! Впереди – города пустые, Нераспаханные поля. Тяжко знать, что моя Россия От того леска не моя … Поклялись мы, что встанем снова На родимые рубежи ! И в минуты битвы суровой Нас, гвардейцев не устрашит Ливень пуль, сносящий пилотки, И оживший немецкий дзот … Только бы прозвучал короткий, Долгожданный приказ : « Вперёд !»

He was called up in February Vladislav Zanadvorov took part in the battle on the Volga, dying a heros death in November 1942.

A stretch of earth, all hardened and blood-sodden The solid-frozen snow all black with smoke; Though ever so loquacious, of a sudden A man seems to forget he ever spoke. In front of us lie softly sloping hillocks, And lower down – woods, fallen on their knees. German bunkers with the brows of bullocks Scowl with hate that nothing can appease. Under heavy fire my buddies wavered Till one of us got up and tore ahead. With his breast he fell on the embrazure, Choking the machine-gun as he bled. Blinded with our fury, we charged forward; On our bayonets we bore our wrath. Wed have gladly perished to recover That disfigured stretch of native earth! Кусок земли, он весь пропитан кровью. Почернел от дыма плотный мёрзлый снег. Даже и привыкший к многословью, Здесь к молчанью привыкает человек. Впереди лежат пологие высоты, А внизу – упавший на колени лес. Лбы нахмурив вражеские дзоты Встали, словно ночь, наперерез. Под огнём навесным задержалась рота, Но товарищ вырвался вперёд … Грудью пал на амбразуру дота – Сразу кровью захлебнулся пулемёт ! Мы забыли всё … Мы бились беспощадно … Мы на лезвиях штыков наш гнев несли, Не жалея жизни, чтобы взять обратно Развороченный кусок родной земли.

Georgi Suvorov served in the famous Panfilov division. During the battle of Yelnya he got wounded. After hospital, in spring 1942, Suvorov was sent to the Leningrad Front. Here he commanded an antitank rifle platoon in one of the Guard regiments defending the city. Guard Lieutenant Suvorov took part in battles which broke the Leningrad blockade. He was killed during an offensive, while crossing the river Narova, on January 13, 1944.

Grief as sharp as splintered steel Day and night we feel… Black smoke hangs, black ravens reel Ore the burnt-out field. Lilies-of –the-valley, white, A soldiers dying – and the earth Lies soft beneath his head. Restless, though, a dream still lives In his youthful soul, As he presses lifeless lips To his native soil. Driven by the wind, the quiet Drifts and melts away. Lilies-of-the-valley, white, Ore the soldier sway. Мы тоскуем и скорбим, Слёзы льём от боли … Чёрный ворон, чёрный дым, Выжженное поле … А за гарью, словно снег, Ландыши без края … Рухнул наземь человек – Приняла родная. Беспокойная мечта, Не сдержать живую … Землю милую уста Мёртвые целуют. И уходит тишина … Ветер бьёт крылатый. Белых ландышей волна Плещет над солдатом.

Semyon Gudzenko The moment war broke out Semyon Gudzenko volunteered for the front. He fought in the battle for Moscow as a private in a ski unit and was a partisan behind enemy lines. In the winter of 1942 he was gravely wounded. From the time of his discharge from hospital up to the end of the war he worked for frontline newspapers. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal.

Нас не нужно жалеть, ведь и мы б никого не жалели. Мы пред нашим комбатом как пред господом Богом, чисты. На живых порыжели от крови и глины шинели, На могилах у мёртвых расцвели голубые цветы. Расцвели и опали … проходит четвёртая осень. Наши матери плачут, и ровесницы молча грустят. Мы не знали любви, не изведали счастья ремёсел. Нам досталась на долю нелёгкая участь солдат. No, let nobody pity us. Wed pity no one, by God! Go ask our commanders – no record is clearer than ours. The coats on the living grew rusty with clay and with blood. The graves of the dead blossomed forth with blue flowers. They blossomed and faded… Already the fourth autumn passes. Our mothers are weeping, our girlfriends are silent and sad. We never knew love, nor the pleasures of workshops and classes. The back-breaking war-toil of soldiers is all that we had.

The fascists destroyed our cities, towns and villages, they killed men, women and even children. All along the roads of war there were weeping mothers, inconsolable widows and hungry orphans.

Our victory was a great milestone in the history of mankind. It revealed the greatness of our homeland and produced wonderful examples of selflessness and heroism.

May 9, Victory Day, is one of the most important public holidays in our country. People are not born to become soldiers. We should do everything possible to preserve peace.

I want to live and not to die! I want to laugh and not to cry! I want to feel the summer sun. I want to sing when life is fun. I want to fight for what is right – Against disease, against despair, Against stark hunger everywhere. I want to fly into the blue. I want to swim as fishes do. I want to stretch out friendly hands, To all the young of other lands. I want to love, I want to mate, No atom bomb annihilate my shining world. I want to laugh and not to cry! I want to live and not to die! Я хочу жить, не умирать ! Хочу смеяться и не рыдать ! Хочу цветы чтоб расцветали И люди чтоб не воевали. Я протяну всем дружбы руку Всегда помочь я рада другу. И, чтобы было бы везде Побольше счастья на земле. Но бомба чтобы не была Помехой дружбы и труда. Я хочу смеяться, не рыдать ! Хочу жить, не умирать !

May there always be sunshine Bright blue the sky, Sun up on high - That was the little boy s picture. He drew for you, Wrote for you, too Just to make clear what he drew. Chorus(twice): May there always be sunshine, May there always be blue skies, May there always be mommy, May there always be me! Down with all war! We want no more. People stand up for you children. Sing everyone - Peace must be won, Dark clouds must not hide the sun. Chorus(twice): May there always be sunshine, May there always be blue skies, May there always be mommy, May there always be me!