Made by: Aziza Madiyarova

The Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan - officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia. It is a unitary, constitutional, presidential republic, comprising 12 provinces, 1 autonomous republic, and 1 capital city. Uzbekistan is bordered by five countries: Kazakhstan to the north;Tajikistan to the southeast; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.doubly landlocked countryCentral AsiaKazakhstanTajikistanKyrgyzstanAfghanistanTurkmenistan Once part of the Turkic Khaganate and later Timurid Empires, the region that today includes the Republic of Uzbekistan was conquered in the early 16th century by Eastern Turkic-speaking nomads. The area was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century, and in 1924 what is now Uzbekistan became a bordered constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, it declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991.Turkic KhaganateTimurid EmpiresEastern TurkicRussian EmpireUzbek Soviet Socialist Republicbreakup of the Soviet Union Uzbekistan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. The country's official language is Uzbek, a Turkic language written in latin alphabet and spoken natively by approximately 85% of the population; however,Russian remains in widespread use. Uzbeks constitute 81% of the population, followed by Russians (5.4%), Tajiks (4.0%), Kazakhs (3.0%), and others (6.5%). A majority of Uzbeks are non-denominational Muslims. Uzbekistan is a member of the CIS, OSCE, UN, and the SCO.democraticsecularunitaryconstitutional republicUzbeklatin alphabetRussianUzbeksnon-denominational MuslimsCISOSCEUNSCO Uzbekistan's economy relies mainly on commodity production, including cotton, gold, uranium, and natural gas. Despite the declared objective of transition to a market economy, its government continues to maintain economic controls which imports in favour of domestic "import substitution".cottongolduraniumnatural gastransitionmarket economy

Uzbekistan has an area of 447,400 square kilometres (172,700 sq mi). It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 42nd by population.Among the CIScountries, it is the 5th largest by area and the 3rd largest by population.CIS Uzbekistan lies between latitudes 37° and46° N, and longitudes 56° and 74° E. It stretches 1,425 kilometres (885 mi) from west to east and 930 kilometres (580 mi) from north to south. Bordering Kazakhstanand the Aral Sea to the north and northwest, Turkmenistan to the southwest,Tajikistan to the southeast, and Kyrgyzstanto the northeast, Uzbekistan is one of the largest Central Asian states and the only Central Asian state to border all the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border (less than 150 km or 93 mi) withAfghanistan to the south.37°46° N56°74° EKazakhstanAral SeaTurkmenistanTajikistanKyrgyzstanCentral AsianAfghanistan Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country. It is one of two doubly landlocked countries in the world (that is, a country completely surrounded by landlocked countries), the other being Liechtenstein. In addition, due to its location within a series of endorheic basins, none of its rivers lead to the sea. Less than 10% of its territory is intensively cultivated irrigated land in river valleys and oases. The rest is vast desert (Kyzyl Kum) and mountains.landlockeddoubly landlockedLiechtensteinendorheicKyzyl Kum The highest point in Uzbekistan is the Khazret Sultan, at 4,643 metres (15,233 ft) above sea level, in the southern part of the Gissar Range in Surkhandarya Province, on the border with Tajikistan, just northwest of Dushanbe (formerly called Peak of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party).Khazret SultanGissar RangeSurkhandarya ProvinceDushanbe The climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan is continental, with little precipitation expected annually (100–200 millimetres, or 3.9–7.9 inches). The average summer high temperaturetends to be 40 °C (104 °F), while the average winter low temperature is around 23 °C (9 °F).precipitationtemperature

T HE P RESIDENT OF THE R EPUBLIC OF U ZBEKISTAN IS THE H EAD OF S TATE AND EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY IN THE R EPUBLIC OF U ZBEKISTAN. T HE OFFICE OF P RESIDENT WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1991, REPLACING THE POSITION OF F IRST S ECRETARY OF THE C OMMUNIST P ARTY OF U ZBEKISTAN THAT HAD EXISTED SINCE 1925 WHILE THE COUNTRY WAS KNOWN AS U ZBEK SSR. T HE PRESIDENT IS DIRECTLY ELECTED FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS, BY CITIZENS OF U ZBEKISTAN WHO HAVE REACHED 18 YEARS OF AGE. [1] I SLAM K ARIMOV HAS BEEN THE ONLY PRESIDENT OF U ZBEKISTAN SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE, AND WON THREE CONSECUTIVE ELECTIONS WHICH MANY CONSIDER TO HAVE BEEN RIGGED. T HE THIRD ELECTION WAS THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL SINCE HE HAD BEEN ELECTED TWICE, AND THE CURRENT C ONSTITUTION STIPULATED A MAXIMUM OF TWO TERMS. T HE EXPLANATION GIVEN BY HIM WAS THAT HIS FIRST TERM IN OFFICE, OF FIVE YEARS, WAS UNDER THE PREVIOUS C ONSTITUTION AND DID NOT COUNT TOWARDS THE NEW LIMIT.U ZBEKISTANU ZBEK SSR [1] I SLAM K ARIMOV RIGGED

The state symbols of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Administrative divisions Uzbekistan is divided into twelve provinces one autonomous republic. Names are given below in the Uzbek language, although numerous variations of the transliterations of each name exist. provinces autonomous republic Uzbek language 1.Tashkent city 2.Andijan Region 3.Bukhara Region 4.Fergana Region 5.Jizzakh Region 6.Namangan Region 7.Navoiy Region 8.Kashkadarya Region (Karshi) 9.Samarkand 10.Syrdarya Region (Gulistan) 11.Surkhandarya Region (Termez) 12.Tashkent Region 13.Khorezm Region (Urgench) 14.Karakalpakstan Republic (Nukus)

T HE CAPITAL OF U ZBEKISTAN Tashkent - is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. The officially registered population of the city in 2012 was about 2,309,300.Uzbekistan Due to its position in Central Asia, Tashkent came under Sogdian and Turkic influence early in its history, before Islam in the 8th century AD. After its destruction by Genghis Khan in 1219, the city was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. In 1865 it was conquered by the Russian Empire, and in Soviet times witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union. Today, as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan, Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority.SogdianTurkicIslamGenghis KhanSilk RoadRussian EmpireSovietforced deportationsUzbeks

N ATIONAL H OLIDAYS OF U ZBEKISTAN January 1 New Year March 8 International Womens Day March 21 Navruz May 9 Day of Memory and Rememberse September 1 Independence Day December 8 Constitution Day Hait ( Eid - Al - Fitr ) Qurban – Hait ( Eid – Al - Adha )

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