Norilsk, 2009

To research the history, to show tangible relics of a remarkable past, a lengthy heritage etched in stone To define the castles which attract people most To introduce the history of the castles To show and describe the pictures of the castles Analyses Illustrative Comparisons

INTRODUCTION Our work is called Castles. Weve chosen this topic, because it seems to us that it can be interesting for children and their parents as well, because history is very interesting and every person studying English has to know all about this country. We pay attention and speak more about historical events. It is important to understand what the castles are famous for. It is important to learn about the main sightseeing of London, because more and more people are preferring to spend their holidays abroad. Britain is strewn with ruins of castles, rubble from the centuries of her existence. Castles are tangible relics of a remarkable past, a lengthy heritage etched in stone, as well as with the blood and sweat of those who built, labored, fought, and died in their shadow. They have endured centuries of warfare and the effects of weather is a testimony to the creativity and power of their medieval owners.

Dover Castle has the most massive tower in Britain, an almost 100- foot cube with walls from seventeen to twenty-one feet thick. In 1216 the castle was besieged by Louis, son of the French king but saved when Louis returned to France. Beneath the castle are the secret wartime passages where the evacuation of Dunkirk and the Channel sea battle was controlled. Location: Kent

was founded in 1068 it combines castle ruins, two small projecting towers rises like a precipice above the River Avon the great hall and residential blocks had been put up in the bailey these were substantially what can be seen today they included restructuring : the great hall, a water-gate, a high and stout defensive curtain Location: Warwick Country

Warwick Castle

the gatehouse is a remarkable building: a pair of towers above the doorway passage, which had portcullises and murder-holes from the east side of the gatehouse is a tall rectangular building leading to another tower is 45.2 meters tall it is called Caesar's Tower the three main storeys in the tower are each vaulted, and have stone fireplaces The castle is completed by curtain walling and further, much smaller, flanking towers. The wall at the west leads up to the restored shell enclosure and down again southwards to the south range.

Warwick Castle Everybody are busy with their work Ladies have a rest in their apartment Play the piano

W a r w i c k C a s t l e the biggest castle it is great was built in 1066 can see wax figures great furniture old dishes wonderful pictures

the most romantic castle in England is located in south-east England built on two adjacent island in the river Len was originally a manor of the Saxon royal family around 1119 Robert Crevecoeur started to build a stone castle on the site, establishing his donjon In 1278 the castle came into the possession of Edward I he rebuilt much of the castle as it stood at the beginning of his reign enlarged it open-backed flanking towers the gatehouse at the south-west

Beautiful, fresh flowers in every room A lot of trees, flowers, ducks, swans, rabbits, squirrels on the territory of the castle Wonderful furniture which tries to show the picture of the 15 th century

a single tower pierced by an arched passage Henry VIII expended large sums in enlarging and beautifying the whole range of buildings he carefully retained the defenses of the castle for in 1926 Leeds was bought by the Hon (Mrs. Wilson-Filmer, known as Lady Baillie) she began the restoration of the castle that took her over 30 years to leave it as it stands today Location: Kent

What story would be complete without a haunted castle. Here is some of the castles that are reportedly haunted in England. CASTLES WITH GHOSTS Berry Pomeroy Castle Dover Castle Featherstone Castle

Devon was haunted by the daughter of a wicked baron who, as a consequence of an enforced relationship with her father, bore him a child, which he strangled. Dover Castle is associated with numerous ghosts and strange sounds. In the King's bedroom, the lower half of a man has been seen walking through the doorway. The specter of a woman dressed in a red dress has been seen at the west stairway of the keep. The castle is associated with a ghostly bridal party. Baron Featherstone had arranged for his daughter to marry a relative of his choice, even though the daughter was in love with someone else. When the party failed to return by midnight, the baron began to fear the worst. Sitting alone at the table, he heard horses crossing the drawbridge. The door opened and the party entered. But, they made no sound and passed through furniture. The wedding party had been ambushed and killed. On the anniversary of the wedding, the party can still be seen heading towards the castle.

CASTLES WITH GHOSTS Lowther Castle Tower of London Windsor Castle

Sir James Lowther fell in love with a farmer's daughter. When she suddenly grew ill and died, Sir James refused to believe she was dead and left her on the bed. She was finally moved and placed in a coffin with a glass lid, which he set in a cupboard where he could look at her. She was finally buried, and Sir James died unloved and unmourned. At his funeral his coffin began to sway as it was lowered into the ground..

In 1816 a guard saw "a shadowy bear walking up the stairs in the twilight." He lunged at it with his bayonet, which shattered against the wall. The ghostly presence walked on unaffected and the guard, having told his unlikely story to others, died of shock a few days later.

Queen Elizabeth I's ghost has been seen in the library. A young guard shot and killed himself and another guard on duty saw him afterwards.

WinsdorCastle

There was a rich feudal castle, which was built by Vladimir Monomakh at the end of the 11 century. It was situated on the hill of the river Dnepr. But in 1147 the castle was burnt. Before you come into the castle you can see a bridge across the river. The walls consisted of wood for boiled water which was put on the enemy. On the territory of the castle There was a big place for food and honey. Also there was underground places in the bailey if there would be dangerous. Military men could live there without any help for 2 years. This castle was capital of macroscopically government.

After the completing our research work we came to the conclusion that these castles were essentially defensive, designed to protect the Norman families. They originally consisted of a mound of earth thrown up with a tower or 'keep' on top, possibly surrounded by a palisade around the bottom and in turn frequently surrounded by a moat. The whole countryside include villagers and their beasts could be taken into the bailey for protection and in dire necessity the whole would be withdrawn into the keep. These structures were of wood but, as they were vulnerable to fire, quite soon the King insisted that they be built of stone. Castle building became a never ending program of updating to create defensive protection. The keep had its own curtain wall with watchtowers.

CONCLUSION The smaller landowner had found that a more peaceful country made the castle unnecessary. He had found the castle drafty, cold and uncomfortable and created 'fortified manor house. The castles remained strong and well defended until well into the sixteenth century. We can give some useful tips. Firstly, it is necessary to mind, that the castles that we use as our standard are those built between the 11th and 16th centuries in Great Britain and Northern Europe. Secondly, it is very interesting to know all information about these magnificent castles.