Russian national costume Natalya Akatova school #1694 Moscow, Russia 2008\2009 school year teacher: Elena Makhovikova Portrait of Unknown Peasant Woman in Russian National Costume by I. Argunov (1784)

Items of clothes 1. Kokoshnik 2. Kosovorotka 3. Perednik 4. Sarafan 5. Kaftan 6. Tulup (or polushubok) 7. Poneva 8. Porti 9. Onuchi 10. Lapti 11. Valenki

Kokoshnik Kok o shnik is the most common type of festive headdress. It was worn in 14 th - 19 th centuries. Kokoshnik could be pointed or round. It was tied at the back of the head with a ribbon in a large bow. Usually it was decorated with gold, silver, pearls and decorative stones. Because of this it was very expensive and it was handed down from grandmother to granddaughter.

Kosovorotka (or Rubakha) Kosovor o tka is a type of peasants shirt with long sleeves. Kosovorotka could be worn every day and on special occasions. Mens shirts were to their knees and womens ones were to their ankles. Kosovorotka was worn many centuries. It was made of white, blue and red cloth and decorated with contrast elements.

Perednik Per e dnik (apron) served to keep the clothes (especially dresses) clean and protect them from dirt. It was worn by peasants. Women used it in the kitchen or in the garden. When they worked outside they wore aprons made of coarse fabric. Not only women wore peredniks. It was used by men too. For example blacksmiths wore leather peredniks. On holidays it was a decoration with patterns typical for the region.

Sarafan Saraf a n (pinafore) was worn by girls and young women. It is a long sleeveless dress covering feet and having the form of a high skirt with straps buttoning in front. It was worn in 14 th -18 th centuries. Sarafan was typical for Russian north, especially Archangelsk and Vologda province. Peasant women wore sarafans during the workdays and on holidays. In the end of 18 th century it became very popular all over the country. It could be lilac, cherry blossom, raspberry pink, blue and yellow and was made of taffeta. Petty bourgeois and merchant women wore sarafans too.

Tulup (or Polushubok) Tul u p or polush u bok was one of the most important items of clothes in Russia. In winter both men and women wore sheepskin overcoats usually with fur on the inside. It could be also made of hare fur. Rich people wore a long fur coat named shuba made of sable, fox or beaver fur. People put on fur coats not just in winter but in hot summer days as well to show how rich they were.

Kaftan The word kaft a n came from Arabic language and meant mans dress It was worn in the medieval Rus. A typical kaftan was with long sleeves. In winter people put on kaftans with very long sleeves instead of gloves. There were different types of kaftans for different occasions. For example: home, rain, riding, festive kaftans and others. They were made of velvet, taffeta, satin, etc. Festive kaftans were made of expensive fabric and decorated with gold and silver buttons, pearls and jewel stones.

Poneva Pon e va is a woolen three- piece skirt, made of home- made cloth, usually checkered or stripped. It was ornamented with embroidery, lace, spangles and beads. Poneva was as typical item of Russian womens costume as sarafan. Fragments of it were found in Slavic barrows of th centuries. It was worn by married women. There were different patterns and design depending on the region.

Porti Port i are mens trousers made of rough linen. They were long, not wide, narrowed down to ankle. They were fixed with a string tied around waist. Rich people wore woollen and even silk porti. They tucked their porti into their boots. Peasants wrapped their porti with onuchi and put on lapti over them.

Lapti (bastshoes) L a pti are bast shoes which were worn over homespun onuchi (narrow strips of cotton). They were spread in Rus in old times. Lapti were used in the countryside up to 1930s. They were made of lime-tree, elm, or birch bast. Lapti were tied to legs with cords twisted from the same bast. They were not made in all regions but they were worn everywhere. Lapti were a type ofcurrency and an item of trade.

Onuchi On u chi are long narrow strips of cloth up to 2 meters in lengths over which lapti were worn. They were different colours: white, black or brown. Peasant wore them. Onuchi became a prototype of modern socks. They wrapped feet and shins. In summer people wore onuchi made of linen or hemp cloth. In winter they were woolen ones.

Valenki V a lenki are traditional Russian winter footwear. In Russian language the word valenki means made by felting. Valenki can be white, black or grey. They are made of sheep wool and are worn on frosty days for walking on dry snow. There is some evidence that Russian people began to make valenki in Nizhegorodskaya province in the end of 18 th century. Perhaps they became grandchildren of Asian nomads felt boots. Valenki are still worn in Russian villages.

Many thanks for your attention! Bibliography and recoursesBibliography and recourses Андреева А. Ю. Русский народный костюм. Путешествие с севера на юг, « Паритет », Андреева А. Ю. Русский народный костюм. Путешествие с севера на юг, « Паритет », Поникарова Н. М. Москвоведение. Здравствуй, Москва !, АО « Московские учебники », Поникарова Н. М. Москвоведение. Здравствуй, Москва !, АО « Московские учебники », Кокшайская О. Н.« Предметный мир культуры », МИРОС, 1994 Кокшайская О. Н.« Предметный мир культуры », МИРОС, 1994 A.P.Vaks The Spirit of Russia, « Детство - пресс », 1998A.P.Vaks The Spirit of Russia, « Детство - пресс », 1998 V.Evans Click on Russia. Culture Clips-2, Express Publishing- Centercom, 2003V.Evans Click on Russia. Culture Clips-2, Express Publishing- Centercom, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokoshnik http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokoshnik http://sarafany.narod.ru/2i.htm http://sarafany.narod.ru/2i.htm Picture 1: Picture 1: www.agniart.ru Picture 2: Picture 2: www.goldmoscow.com Picture 3: http.//forum.sevastopol.info Picture 3: http.//forum.sevastopol.info Picture 4 : Picture 4 : www.remeslonarod.ru Picture 5: Picture 5: www.vor.ru Picture 6: Picture 6: www.narjad.narod.ru Picture 7: http.//xpomo.com Picture 7: http.//xpomo.com Picture 8: Picture 8: www.anastasia.ru Picture 9: Picture 9: www.reenactor.ru Picture 10: Picture 10: www.p-a-s-m.ru Picture 11: http.//ill-777.narod.ru Picture 11: http.//ill-777.narod.ru Picture 12: Picture 12: www.ruvr.ru Наталья Акатова ЦО 1694 Москва