The Principle of Notional Compensation Methods and Techniques.

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The Principle of Notional Compensation Methods and Techniques

Synonymous ways of expressing ideas Give variants of the Russian sentences: (a) «Это очень популярная книга», (b) «Что это за устройство?», (с) «И угораздило же вас!» in English. E.Nida: …whoever takes upon himself to translate, contracts a debt; to discharge it, he must pay not with the same money, but the same sum. Осторожно, окрашено. -- Wet paint.

Identical Phrasing Once upon a very early time there was a Neolithic man (R.Kipling). Давным-давно, еще в каменном веке, жил да был один человек (translated by K.Chukovsky). Method: redistribution of semantic components.

Warning from free redistribution …и глядя теперь на поле, каждый думал о том, дал бы Бог во-время убраться с хлебом, и было весело, и радостно, и неспокойно на душе (А.Чехов. В овраге) …gazing at his fields everyone wondered if God would give him time to get in his corn; and his soul was gay and joyful, though at the same time troubled (translated by A.Chamot) All of them wondered whether God would allow the grain to be gathered in time, and their hearts were filled with mingled emotions and cheerfulness and anxiety (translated by J.Coulson)

The Method of Adjustment … в Сибирь ходил, и на Амуре был, и на Алтае, и в Сибирь переселился, землю там пахал (А.Чехов. В овраге) I went as a delegate from my village to Siberia, and I have been to the Amur River and the Altai Mountains and I settled in Siberia; I worked the land there (translated by C.Garnett)

Marginal Notes or Commentary Она поехала к портнихе, потом к Барнаю, который только вчера приехал… (А.Čehov. Poprygunya) She drove to her dressmakers and then called on Barnay, the famous German tragedian, who had just arrived… (Translated by Chamot)

Lexical Expansion Ну, Котик, сегодня ты играла, как никогда, - сказал Иван Петрович со слезами на глазах, когда его дочь кончила и встала. - Умри, Денис, лучше не напишешь (Čehov. Ionyč) Well, Kitty, you played as never before tonight, said Turkin with tears in his eyes after the daughter had finished, and he quoted the words addressed to the Russian XVIII playwright Denis Fonvizin: You can die now, Denis, youll never write anything better (translated by D.Magarshak)

Lexical Reduction - 1 (1) …я надену мою новенькую шляпку, а на плеча черную мантилью. (2) Я, признаюсь, подозреваю, сильно подозреваю этого человечка. (3) Я ведь, маточка, деньги коплю, откладываю, у меня денежка водится... (1) I shall wear my new hat and black mantilla. (2) To tell the truth, there is a man whom I very strongly suspect. (3) Im saving money, dear heart, I have a bit put away…

Lexical Reduction - 2 …и помню, плывем на пароме, а я худой- худой, …а проезжий господин тут какой- то на пароме - если помер, то царство ему небесное - глядит на меня жалостно. …and I remember once we were on a ferry-boat, I was as thin as thin, and a gentleman was going by and he looked at me, he was sorry for me.

Stylistic Compensation Дозвольте, барин дорогой, слово сказать. Вы не то глядите, что я как говорится, пьян, глядите, о чем я плачу и убиваюсь. Слова нет. Может я действительно не в своем виде, ну я весь перед вами как на ладони, ваша воля казнить, ваша миловать, и при том не в буйном хмелю. Матушка барыня, Анна Гувертовна, детки дорогие, надоть глядеть, откедова у человека слезы, верно я говорю? Какой, может, о душе, а какой об закащицком кредите, это надоть понимать. (Б.Пастернак) Allow me, my master, sir, to say my piece. Dont you pay no attention to the fact that Im drunk, just to the cause of my tears and torment. Im lost for words. Praps Ive really ad one over the eight, but ere I stand, naked before you. Yer free to condemn or pardon me, yet Im not making a drunken uproar about it. Anna Hubertovna, dearest mistress and you dear children. You oughter see where a man draws his tears from, aint that true? You might get one man weeping about his soul, another about his credit orders, praps you have to see that (Anning).