Polarized deuterons and protons at NICA А.Коваленко International Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013 JINR, LHEP March 17-19, 2013

Spin physics requirements NICA layout in polarized mode Polarization control schemes Technical concept of the schemes Polarized pp - expected luminosity Polarized pp – operation scenario Program SPRINT Outlook Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 OUTLINE A.D.Kovalenko

Spin Physics Requirements The SPD program includes the studies of Drell-Yan processes, J/ production processes, Spin effects in elastic pp, pd and dd scattering, Spin effects in inclusive high-pT reactions, Polarization effects in heavy ions collisions Polarized beams of protons and deuterons requirements: longitudinal and transverse polarizations in MPD and SPD detectors pp s pp = 12 ÷ 27 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy ) dd s NN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) L average 1·10E31 cm -2 s -1 (at s pp = 27 GeV) Sufficiently large lifetime of beam polarization Spin flipping at a high frequency (desirable mode) Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

Seminar LFVE, Dubna, 11 January, 2013 A.D.Kovalenko Some additional conditions of the facility operaton in polarized proton and deuteron mode

Для организации столкновения поляризованных nn - и np- столкновений, необходимы места для размещения станций мечения стрипинговых протонов (возможно и нейтронов, если невозможно организовать столкновения поляризованных p и d). Необходима быстрая побанчевая система определения светимости на уровне ошибок ~ (!?) Инжекция должна обеспечивать возможность формировать задаваемую последовательность чередования поляризации, плюс заполнение банчами без поляризации. Необходима система синхронизации прохождения банчей через место встречи (она нужна и для неполяризованной моды работы) и система мечения поляризации банчей. Необходимо организовать столкновения разных поляризован- ных пучков: pd-, pHe-, dHe с разными энергиями пучков. Для абсолютного определения поляризации пучков необходи- ма струйная поляризованная мишень. Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 A.D.Kovalenko Some additional conditions of the facility operaton in polarized proton and deuteron mode

NICA Layout in Polarized Mode Polarized deuterons chain: «SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider» (booster & new linac are not needed!) Polarized deuterons chain: «SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider» (booster & new linac are not needed!) Polarized protons chain(2011): SPI – LU-20 – booster – Collider (with HF) (we need booster & collider with stoch. cooling and acceleration) Polarized protons chain(2011): SPI – LU-20 – booster – Collider (with HF) (we need booster & collider with stoch. cooling and acceleration) Polarized protons chain (new option): SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider (with RF) (we need also collider with stoch.cooling and acceleration mode) Polarized protons chain (new option): SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider (with RF) (we need also collider with stoch.cooling and acceleration mode) A.Kovalenko, N.Agapov, Yu.Filatov, V.Kekelidze, R.Lednicky, I.Meshkov, V.Mikhaylov, A.Sidorin, A.Sorin, G.Trubnikov. The NICA Facility in polarized proton operation mode. IPAC11, San Sebastian, Spain, 4-9 Sept, 2011, paper TUPZ A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 NICA Layout in Polarized Mode Форинжектор ЛУ-20: Оптимизирован проект, контракт на изготовление в стадии подписания

A.D.Kovalenko SPI – view on test bench at LFVE Start of operation at LU-20: 2014(?) Cooperation Troitsk/Dubna Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko SPI - Source of Polarized Ions Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko Схемы управления поляризацией в Нуклотроне и коллайдере НИКА Для получения поляризованных d - пучков в Нуклотроне доп. оборудования не требуется, вплоть до Е ~ 5.6 ГэВ/н. (резонанс) Основная проблема с дейтронами в коллайдере – изменение ориентации спина (большой интеграл магнитного поля). _____________________________________________________ Проблема получения поляризованных протонных пучков в Нуклотроне, (а также и в бустере, if any…) – спиновые резонансы. Решение реалистично при ограничении энергии протонов в синхротроне до 5-6 ГэВ и дальнейшем доускорении их до 12.5 ГэВ (или выше) коллайдере. Проблем с поляризованными протонами в коллайдере особых нет, но следует проанализировать появление спиновых резонансов при ускорении поляризованных протонов в диапазоне от 5 до 13 ГэВ. Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko SPIN2012, Dubna, September, 2012 Proton polarization control at Nuclotron Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko Polarization control at NICA collider SPIN2012, Dubna, September, 2012 Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko Proton polarization control at Nuclotron SPIN2012, Dubna, September, 2012

Polarization control scheme in the Collider with spin tune = 0 If the two identical Siberian Snakes will be inserted in the opposite straight sections of the collider, then the spin tunes is equal to zero for any energies. Any arbitrary polarization direction of the particle is repeated after each turn. Thus, the possibility to stabilize any direction of the polarization at any point of the particle orbit by means of a small longitudinal field for different particle species is occurred. Blue arrows correspond to the case of longitudinal polarization in SPD, whereas the red ones – to vertical polarization in SPD A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

Solenoids with stationary fields of B max ~ T can be used to obtain necessary integrals of longitudinal fields. (B || L) max =225 Tm (protons), (B || L) max =280 Tm (deuterons) Solenoid-based Siberian Snake Polarization control scheme in the Collider with spin tune = 0 A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 Cooperation with the US, European and Russian Laboratories is desirable in the designing of such solenoids

L – polarization in SPD Vertical polarization in SPD Maximum field integral for protons and deuterons: (B || L) 1,2 < 0,5 Tm Maximum field integral for protons and deuterons: B || L

Optimization of insertion scheme makes it possible: standartization of the high field solenoid sections; to provide staging of installation the snakes equipment into the collider; unification of system elements, let say: 1 m solenoid section of 12.5 T each. Thus, combination of two such sections is satisfied to the protons of the maximum energy and can be used for the deuterons up to the momentum 1/3 of the maximum. Maximum field integral for protons and deuterons: (B || L) 1,2

The scheme of the solenoid coupling compensation are angles between quadruples normal and vertical accelerator axis is quadruples gradient The estimated parameters: B || L=80 Tm, E=14 GeV, g= 75 T/m L g =2(L 1 +L 2 )3 m B || L=0,5 Tm, E=14 GeV, g= 30 T/m L g =1,4 m The final optimization of the quadrupoles should follow to matching conditions with the lattice. A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 Scheme of NICA collider ring

Conclusions for NICA-Spin mode The novel scheme of spin direction control in NICA collider suitable for any type of the particles is proposed. The scheme, designed for protons need lower longitudinal field integral than at the single-snake one. Deuteron polarization control looks much more feasible. The scheme provides the desired polarization direction in the both IPs (MPD and SPD detectors), and gives also а possibility of simple decision the problems of polarization matching at injection and polarimetery Realization of both as single - and multi - turn Spin Flipping systems are possible in such system A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

29 November 2012 (I.N.Meshkov) NICA Collider Luminosity in pp Collisions IP parameters: β = 35 cm, bunch length σ = 60 cm (not optimized), bunch number – 22, collider perimeter C = 503 m Proton energy E in GeV, particle number per bunch N(E) in 10^11 units, maximum proton number in each ring – 2.210^13. Luminosity L(E) in 10^30 units. A.D.Kovalenko NICA pp-collisions peak luminosity Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

A.D.Kovalenko NICA polarized pp-collisions scenario and average luminosity Average luminosity at E = 12.6 GeV: = ( )10³² 1/(cm²·s). Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

SPRINT – Spin Physics Research Infrastructure at NucloTron Цель проекта – создание инфраструктуры для проведения экспериментов на пучках поляризованных дейтронов и протонов ускорительного комплекса Нуклотрон – НИКА Состояние инфраструктуры для такого рода экспериментов в настоящее время не отвечает требуемому современному уровню. Проект SPRINT должен охватить все необходимые аспекты проблемы и в результате обеспечить возможность поддержки всех планируемых экспери- ментов на пучках комплекса Нуклотрон – НИКА A.D.Kovalenko Spin Physics Research Infrastructure Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

1Revew of the problem 2Polarized Ion Source Integration to the Compex 3Acceleration of polarized deuterons and protons 4Deuteron beam polarimetry 4.1 Concept 4.2 Low energy polarimeter 4.3 Internal target polarimeter 4.4 Extracted beam polarimetry 5 Proton beam polarimetry 5.1 CNI polarimetry 5.2 Absolute calibration of the beam polarization 5.3 Local polarimetry for MPD and SPD 6 Polarized targets 6.1 Solid polarized proton target 6.2 Polarized 3 He tagret 7Modernization of polarized beam transfer lines 8Polarization data monitoring and control Содержание проекта SPRINT A.D.Kovalenko Project SPRINT Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

Deuteron beam polarimetry 4.1 Concept 4.2 Low energy polarimeter 4.3 Internal target polarimeter 4.4 Extracted beam polarimetry Этот раздел в определенной степени проработан. Однако требуется дальнейшее развитие с учетом возникающих задач по повышению точности измерения поляризации и оперативности контроля. A.D.Kovalenko Project SPRINT Status Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 Deuteron polarimetery

Proton beam polarimetery 5.1 CNI polarimetry (in the collider rings) 5.2 Absolute calibration of polarization 5.3 Local polarimetry for MPD and SPD Proton beam polarization measurements can be performed by the deuteron polarimeter at the Nuclorton internal beam up to the momentum of 3-4 GeV. Collaboration: JINR, МИФИ, ИТЭФ, BNL. A.D.Kovalenko Project SPRINT Status Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013 Proton polarimetery

Outlook: Status of the NICA construction Preparations to tender, Russian state expertise; Goal for 2013: to start NICA collider infrastructure realization work A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN 2013, JINR, Dubna, 18 March, 2013