IS A LUNAR SOIL STICKY? Dmitri Skulachev, IKI, Moscow.

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IS A LUNAR SOIL STICKY? Dmitri Skulachev, IKI, Moscow

метеориты meteorites вулканы volcanoes солнечный ветер solar wind P+P+ неизвестные источники unknown sources Источники лунной воды? Moon water sources? 2MS3 Archive

метеориты meteorites Источник лунной воды (льда) Moon water (ice) source

Regolith temperature at a depth of about 0.5 m Температура реголита на глубине примерно 0.5 м night day

Удар метеорита Meteorite impact Энергия удара метеорита расплавляет и частично испаряет вещество. Пар под высоким давлением может проникнуть в поры сильно охлажденного грунта и, конденсируясь, образовать на частицах реголита пленку льда. Meteorite impact melt and partially vaporize the matter. High pressure vapor may penetrate into pores of very cold soil, condense and cover grains by an ice layer

Горячий водяной пар, остывая и конденсируясь, подогреет реголит лишь градусов. Hot water wapor may heat regolith grains not more than К. Hot water wapor may heat regolith grains not more than К. Теплообмен горячий пар-реголит Heat exchange between hot vapor and regolith Долго ли будет жить образовавшаяся на гранулах реголита ледяная пленка? What is a lifetime of ice layer on regolith grain surface? What is a lifetime of ice layer on regolith grain surface?

A desorption rate of ice in vacuum may be described roughly by Polanyi-Winger equation: dN / N = (kT / h)·exp(-E d / kT), where k and h are Boltzmann and Planck constants, T – temperature, E d – desorption energy (about 0.5 eV for H 2 O on silicate surface). For T = 100 K, dN / N = 3·10 -13, ice lifetime is about 100,000 years. For T = 80 K, lifetime is about 3 billion years. Время жизни ледяной пленки Ice layer lifetime

Силикатная порода Silica based rock Лунный реголит Lunar regolith ρ = 2.7 g/cm – 2.2 g/cm 3 = 3.5 W/m·K W/m·K Почему у реголита такая малая теплопроводность? Why the regolith has so weak thermal conductivity? Теплопроводность Thermal conductivity

Силикатная порода Silica based rock Лунный реголит Lunar regolith ρ = 2.7 g/cm – 2.2 g/cm 3 = 3.5 W/m·K W/m·K Свинец Lead Свинцовая дробь Lead shot ρ = 11.3 g/cm g/cm 3 = 34 W/m·K 0.16 W/m·K

Малый радиус области контакта Small contact area radius Thermal resistance (model: disk on semibounded body): Rt = 1/4 r ca Rt = 1/4 r ca Contact area radius (model: Hertzs contact): r ca = (3FR/4E) 1/3 r ca = (3FR/4E) 1/3 Ideal models Теплопроводность Thermal conductivity

Statistical approach For grains in 100 mean diameter, mean radius of the contact area would be less than 0.1 be less than 0.1 Статистический подход Для частиц со средним диаметром около 100 диаметром около 100 зоны средний радиус зоны контакта получается менее 0.1 менее 0.1

For M ice = 1% M grain, the thickness of the ice layer should be about 0.5 μ Ø100 Ø100 Ice coated grain Частица грунта с ледяной оболочкой d= 0.5 μ ice layer M ice /M grain Layer thickness SiO 2 grain

Graingluing Чистые гранулы Pure grains Гранулы, покрытые льдом Ice covered grains d= 0.05 μ (0.1% H 2 O)0.5 μ (1% H 2 O) r ca 0.1 μ 0.5 μ 0.5 μ 5 μ 5 μ = 1>5>20

Если наши предположения верны, то при низкой температуре «ледяной» лунный низкой температуре «ледяной» лунный реголит должен быть липким! реголит должен быть липким! А его теплопроводность должна быть А его теплопроводность должна быть аномально большой! аномально большой! If our assumptions are correct, «icy» lunar regolith would be sticky at low temperature! If our assumptions are correct, «icy» lunar regolith would be sticky at low temperature! And it temperature conductivity would be And it temperature conductivity would be anomaly high! anomaly high!

Выводы: Conclusions: Ice-containing meteoroid impacts generate high pressure water vapor Ice-containing meteoroid impacts generate high pressure water vapor The vapor may penetrate into regolith pores and condense on regolith grains, cover them by an ice layer The vapor may penetrate into regolith pores and condense on regolith grains, cover them by an ice layer Grain ice layer may dramatically change regolith thermal conductivity Grain ice layer may dramatically change regolith thermal conductivity Удары метеоритов, содержащих лед, генерируют водяной пар под высоким давлением Пар может проникать в поры реголита, конденсироваться и покрывать частицы грунта пленкой льда Пленка льда может резко изменить теплопроводность реголита

Let's try to find the ice layer! Осталось найти эту ледяную пленку!

Радиотермометр РАТ PAT radiotermometer

Thank you for your attention!