ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ Профессор Н.Г. Рамбиди

14. Национальная нанотехнологическая инициатива США и ее международные следствия

NSF – National Science Foundation NEC – National Economic Commission DOD – Department of Defense DOC – Department of Commerce DOE – Department of Energy DOT – US Department of Transportation DoTREAS – Department of Treasury OSTP – Office of Science and Technology Policy NSTC – National Science and Technology Council OMB – Office of Management and Budget NASA – National Aeronautic and Space Administration NIH – National Institute of Health ННИ : организации соучредители

Структура ННИ

The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large structures with fundamentally new molecular organization … Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their nanoscale size. The aim is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and use these devices. Maintaining the stability of interfaces, and the integration of these "nanostructures" at the micron-length scale and macroscopic scale is another objective.

ННИ – основные направления

Нанотехнология: финансирование до 2000 г

ННИ: финансирование 2001 г

Некоторые результаты

Опреснение морской воды

Молекулярная оперативная память

Наноструктурированные катализаторы

Наночастицы доставляют лекарство

Полимеры с дисперсным наполнителем

ДНК диагностика

Нанотехнология и энергетика

D.D. Koelling Basic Energy Sciences May 15, 2002 Nanoscience Activities in Basic Energy Sciences BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future

NNI FY 2003 Funding Requests DOE is one of the three lead agencies National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI Coordination Office compilation, as of 1/18/02) FY NSF DOD DOE TOTAL NNI (Dollars in millions) 117.4All other agencies + up to $15M in FY 02 * * Excludes funding for synchrotron light source and neutron scattering facility operations and beamlines.

National Nanotechnology Initiative Focus Areas Long-term, fundamental nanoscience and engineering research FY 2001: BES awarded $26.5M in new NNI funds based on peer review university grants ($16.1M) and 12 laboratory awards ($10.4M) FY 2002: BES may award up to $15M based on peer review 340 university proposals + 37 national lab proposals under review FY 2003 (Request) BES $93M for research + $35M for construction and PED (including ~$3.0M for Theory and Modeling in Nanoscience) ASCR $4M (including $3.0M for support of Theory and Modeling in Nanoscience) FY 2004: … Centers and networks of excellence BES Nanoscale Science Research Centers – the DOE flagship NNI activity Research infrastructure BES supports the synchrotron light sources, neutron scattering facilities, and other specialized facilities in support of nanoscale science

Some Interesting Challenges Nanoparticles contain between hundreds and billions of atoms. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo atomic studies can deal with billions of atoms. Density Functional Theory can deal with the electrons of up to a thousand atoms. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations can deal with the electrons more closely correlating their motions up to ~150 atoms. Quantum Chemical calculations describe that correlated motion for smaller numbers of atoms (50?) Nanoparticles contain between hundreds and billions of atoms. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo atomic studies can deal with billions of atoms. Density Functional Theory can deal with the electrons of up to a thousand atoms. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations can deal with the electrons more closely correlating their motions up to ~150 atoms. Quantum Chemical calculations describe that correlated motion for smaller numbers of atoms (50?) Nanoparticles contain countable numbers of atoms. We probably will do the atomistic calculations. We also will use the larger scale descriptions --- but now we can benchmark them! Nanoparticles contain countable numbers of atoms. We probably will do the atomistic calculations. We also will use the larger scale descriptions --- but now we can benchmark them! Nanoparticles are dynamic entities --- here is where the community will have to confront the limitations of different time scales. Nanoparticles are dynamic entities --- here is where the community will have to confront the limitations of different time scales.

Some Computational Issues Eigensystems and Linear Algebra for very large N O(N) approaches Sparse Eigensystems and Linear Algebra for very large N O(N) approaches Sparse Fast Algorithms (FFT, FMM, ) - Fast Poisson Solver Fast Algorithms (FFT, FMM, ) - Fast Poisson Solver Optimization Optimization Changing Time and Length Scales Changing Time and Length Scales Data Visualization/Mining Data Visualization/Mining A workshop has been recently held (most slides were stolen from there) and a report will be out shortly. Some items that mix my own thoughts with those discussed there ----

NSRCs: Research facilities for synthesis, processing, and fabrication of nanoscale materials Co-located with existing user facilities (synchrotron radiation light sources, neutron scattering facilities, other specialized facilities) to provide characterization and analysis capabilities Operated as user facilities; available to all researchers; access determined by peer review of proposals Provide specialized equipment and support staff not readily available to the research community Conceived with broad input from university and industry user communities to define equipment scop e NSRCs have been extensively reviewed by external peers and by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs)

NSRCs ( ) and the BES User Facilities Under construction In design/engineering

The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 21 st Century Challenge Combine nanoscale building blocks to make functional devices, e.g., a photosynthetic reaction center with integral semiconductor storage Unique tools and capabilities: Advanced Light Source National Center for Electron Microscopy National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center Nationally unique facilities, such as the e-beam nanowriter – nanofabrication facility Outstanding faculty and students in multidisciplinary research, including materials science physics chemistry biochemistry biomolecular materials engineering Scientific focus areas: Combination of soft and hard materials/building units Multicomponent functional assemblies

ННИ: перспективы

ННИ: финансирование 2005 г

Нанотехнология и Министерство обороны США

Нанотехнология и ВМФ США

Нанаотехнология и космические исследования

Международная активность

Европейская активность

FP6 NanoMatPro (NMP) FP6 NanoMatPro (NMP) The new Work Programme nd Call opportunities Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials, and new production processes and devices - NMP Nicholas Hartley DG Research, Unit G-1 Policy Aspects

Focusing and Integrating ERA13345 Pr 1 genomics and biotech for health 2255 Pr 2 information society technologies 3625 nanotech, intelligent mat, production 1300 Pr 3 nanotech, intelligent mat, production 1300 Pr 4 aeronautics and space 1075 Pr 5 food safety and health risks 685 Pr 6 sustainable dev & global change 2120 Pr 7 citizens and governance 225 Pr 8 anticipating needs (INCO, CRAFT, JRC, etc) 2080 Structuring the ERA 2605 research & innovation, human resources, infrastructures, science & society Strengthening the Foundations of ERA 320 coordination of activities, development of policies TOTAL (Millions ) FP6: Budget 2002 – 2006 (excluding Euratom) 16270

Thematic Priority 3 concentrates on: i) Nanotechnology, as a flagship of the next industrial revolution ii)Multi-functional knowledge-based Materials, as critical drivers of innovation iii)New Production processes and devices, as the key to sustainable development

Focus on: Self-organisation and self-assembling (STREP) Molecular motors (STREP) Expanding knowledge in size-dependent phenomena (SSA) New knowledge on interfaces for new applications (STREP) Nanostructured surfaces (IP) Industrially relevant production of nanoparticles (IP) Characterisation and/or manipulation devices & techniques (STREP) Impact on human health and environment (SSA; CA) Ethical, legal, social aspects of research in nanotechnology (SSA) AREA 1: AREA 1: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies WP 2004 and next calls Next Call 2004

Нанотехнология в Японии

Последние результаты

Автомобиль без водителя