Издержки, Спрос и Предложение (Реальные примеры) Павел Васильев BA Marketing MSc International Marketing & Brand Management.

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Издержки, Спрос и Предложение (Реальные примеры) Павел Васильев BA Marketing MSc International Marketing & Brand Management

Спрос – Сезон – Мода, вкусы, предпочтения – Доходы – Цены на товары заменители – Цены на дополнительные товары – Ожидания потребителя Предложение – Себестоимость – Технический прогресс – Сезонные изменения – Налоги и субсидии – Ожидания производителя

Себестоимость - стоимость производства одной штуки товара. Издержки – затраты, расходы на ведение бизнеса. Постоянные расходы – расходы, которые не меняются при изменении объема производства. Переменные расходы – расходы, имеющие прямую зависимость от объема производства. Общие расходы – постоянные + переменные

Общий доход – цены умноженные на количество проданного товара (P*Q) Безубыточность – производство при котором доход равен расходам, при этом у предприятия нету ни прибыли, ни убытков. Прибыль – доход минус расходы Амортиза́ция в бухгалтерском учёте процесс перенесения по частям стоимости основных средств и нематериальных активов по мере их физического или морального износа на стоимость производимой продукции (работ, услуг).

Переменные расходы Сырье, материалы, товар для перепродажи Зарплата рабочих (сдельная, почасовая) Транспорт

Постоянные расходы Аренда Зарплата администрации Электричество, коммунальные расходы Телефон Страхование Лизинговые платежи

Easyjet Smirnoff

Что такое Easyjet? Почему это популярная компания?

Если мы посмотрим на спрос и предложение они разные. Со спросом если выше цены, то ниже количество покупок, с предложением наоборот, чем ниже цены, тем ниже мотивация и стимул для создания предложения. Если мы соединим спрос с предложением то должна появиться точка равновесия рынка, где продавцы и покупатели сходятся во мнении и готовы производить/потреблять.

From 1995 to 2008 the change in demand and supply would have bee good as EasyJet was just starting out and the Demand would have been low but the supply would have been high this is because when a business just starts its demand for it is low but as the business grow the demand becomes more and more and the supply goes up at first but goes down when the demand goes up. EasyJet demand was low in 1995 but by the time they got to 2008 the demand would have beут really high as everyone wanted to go on holiday then but the supply would be down in 2008 but high in 1995 this is because when demand goes up the supply goes down so it looks odd on a graph but you can understand it. The increase in supply could happen when more and more people start using the airline and then they will need more supplies as more people using the airline and airport.

from 2008 to 2011 the change in demand and supply have been big as EasyJet have gone into a recession since then and they are losing Demand and the supply is going up while the demand is going down and fast. The decrease in demand start when other airline companies put their prices to match EasyJet's and better and the increase in substitute good and the customers don't want to make high prices with money they haven't got as they will be losing out as they wont be getting anything from it. While there was a decrease in demand there would have been an increase in supply as more suppliers would been available as more and more airlines are going bankrupt.

Вводная: Вы представители компании Smirnoff. На вашем рынке появился конкурент, который позиционирует себя, как более дешевая и более качественная водка. Потребители начинают интересоваться их товаром. Какие шаги вы предприняли бы?

Благодарю за внимание!