MONEY IN RUS, RUSSIA, USSR, AND ITS FORMER REPUBLICS

OLD RUSSIAN COINS

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CURRENCIES OF RUS 1 grivna= 2 rubles 1 ruble= 100 Novgorod dengas 1 Novgorod denga = 2 Moscow dengas (kopeks)

KOPEK (KOPEYKA)

Siberian ruble (1918–1920) Harbin ruble (1918–1920) Latvian ruble (1918–1921) Turkestani ruble (1918–1922) Armenian ruble (1918–1922) Georgian ruble (1919–1921) ruble of the Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922) Azerbaijani ruble (1920–1922) Transcaucasian ruble (1922–1924) RUBLE AFTER WORLD WAR I

RUBLE IN USSR Soviet ruble SUR (1922 – 1992) transferable ruble (1964 – 1991) currency for interbank settlements in member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, Soviet counterpart of Special Drawing Rights – currency of the International Monetary Fund

рубль рубель рублэ rublis rubla ռուբլի (roubli) манат (manati) сом сўм карбованець гəпик тийин тиын тыйн капейка копійка копейкэ kapeika kopikas կոպեկ (kopek) копейка RUBLE AND KOPEK IN OTHER LANGUAGES

Ukrainian karbovanets UAK (1992–1996) replaced by hryvnia Lithuanian talonas LTT (1991–1993) replaced by litas Latvian rublis LVR (1992–1993) replaced by lats Moldovan cupon MDC (1992–1993) replaced by leu Georgian kupon lari GEK (1993–1995) replaced by lari Tajikistani ruble TJR (1995–2000) replaced by somoni TRANSITIONAL CURRENCIES AFTER USSRS COLLAPSE

HYPERINFLATION IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 90S in 1994 prices increased 17 timesin Armenia4 timesin Kyrgyzstan 24 timesin Belarus5 timesin Russia 23 timesin Kazakhstan29 timesin Ukraine

RUBLE AT PRESENT Russian ruble RUB (1998 – present), earlier RUR (1992 – 1997) 1 USD 23,6 RUB in use also in Abkhazia and South Ossetia Belarusian ruble BYR (2000 – present), earlier BYB (1992 – 1999) 1 USD 2144 BYR Transnistrian ruble PRB (1994 – present) 1 USD 8,5 PRB

Transnistria Transnistrian ruble (PRB) since 1994 banknotes were printed in Poland until 2004 Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian dram (AMD) since 1993 Karabakh dram (NKD) since 2005 banknotes were printed in Austria in 2004 Abkhazia and South Ossetia Russian ruble and Georgian lari are in use Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Chechen nahar (nakhar, naxar) banknotes were printed in the UK in 1994 CURRENCIES OF UNRECOGNIZED STATES

Azerbaijani manat (AZN) since 1992 Armenian dram (AMD) since 1993 Georgian lari (GEL) since 1995 Kazakhstani tenge (KZT) since 1993 Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) since 1993 Moldovan leu (MDL) since 1993 Tajikistani somoni (TJS) since 2000 Turkmen manat (TMM) since 1993 Uzbekistani som (UZS) since 1993 Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) since 1996 Latvian lats (LVL) since 1993 Lithuanian litas (LTL) since 1993 Estonian kroon (EEK) since 1992 OTHER CURRENCIES OF THE CIS AND THE BALTIC STATES } 2013 euro

UNUSUAL DENOMINATIONS rubles of RSFSR, kerenki (1917–1919) all denominations: 20, 40, 250, and 1000 rubles Soviet rubles (different periods) 3, 15, 30, 60, 250, , rubles Georgian kupons lari (1993–1994) 3, 3 000, , kupons planned issue of Ukrainian hryvnias (1991) 15 kopeks, 3 and 25 hryvnias Belarusian rubles (1992–2000) lowest denomination: 50 kopeks (only notes) Belarusian rubles (2000–present) lowest denomination: 1 ruble (only notes)

SOVIET RUBLE Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1991)

RUSSIAN RUBLE obverse: Yaroslavl, monument to Yaroslav the Wise reverse: Church of Precursor (2000)

1 ST BELARUSIAN RUBLE (1992)

2 ND BELARUSIAN RUBLE the Radziwiłłs Castle in Niasvizh (2005)

TRANSNISTRIAN RUBLE generalissimo Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (2000) on other notes: Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Taras Shevchenko, Dimitrie Cantemir, Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky, Catherine II

HRYVNIA – 1 ST SERIES Vladimir the Great (1992) on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa, Ivan Franko

HRYVNIA – 2 ND SERIES Vladimir the Great (1994) on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa, Ivan Franko, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Taras Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka

HRYVNIA – 3 RD SERIES Vladimir the Great (2004) on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa, I. Franko, M. Hrushevsky, T. Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, H. Skovoroda

HRYVNIA – 3 RD SERIES Vladimir the Great (2006) on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa, I. Franko, M. Hrushevsky, T. Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, H. Skovoroda

TURKMEN MANAT Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow – Türkmenbaşy (2005)

LEGAL SANCTIONS FOR MONEY COUNTERFEITING in USSRup to death sentence in Russia5 to 15 years of imprisonment in Poland5 to 15, or 25 years of imprisonment

ANTI-COUNTERFEITING FEATURES OF RUSSIAN RUBLE Moiré pattern (area appears to be one color from one angle, stripes from another angle) kipp-effect (hidden image) watermarks protection fibers infrared marks embossed text magnetic marks microperforation microtext color shifting ink

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