Тексерген: Сеитова Ф. Орында ғ ан: Т ұ рсынбек Т.

Chokan Valikhanov is recognized as a founder of Kazakh democratic publicism. He was born in Kushmurun in He graduated from Omsk Military School. CHOKAN VALIKHANOV

He has done much work on exploring eastern Central Asia during his mumberous trips around this region. and especially Kyrgyzstan. He was the first one who wrote down and described some parts of famous Kyrgyz epos "Manas". His research completed during his military-scientific expedition promoted unknown Central Asia to western world.epos "Manas" Most valueble works of Chokan Valikhanov: "Diary. Trip to Issyk-kul", "Kyrgyzes", "Western territory of the Chinese Empire and city Kuldja", "Feature stories about Djungari", "About the condition of Altyshara or six east cities of the Chinese province Nan-Lu", "Kyrgyz genealogy", "Legends and traditions of the great Kyrgyz-Kaisar horde", "Shana- batyr", "Edige".

ABAI KUNANBAEV Abai Kunanbaev is recognized as a founder of Kazakh written literature and literary language. He was born on 10 August in 1845 in the region of Semipalatinsk. First knowledge he obtained at home from hired mullah and later in medresse.

Abai devoted many of his works to the violence of Kazakh labour rights e.g."Oh my Kazakh! My poor people!". Number of works were devoted to youth: "Our children", "Only youth - happy flower of life". And a real treasure is his poems expressing his feelings and love to the nature of his land: "Autumn", "Winter". Abai was promoting against polygamy, principe of "bride for money", slavery and for equal rights for men and women. As a gifted interpreter Abai gave Kazakh people to enjoy the pearls of russian classic literature. During 15 years he translated more then 50 works of russian writers like Pushkin, Lermontov, Krylov etc.

Kanysh Satpaev On 11 April 12, 1999 the 100th anniversary of Kanysh Imantayevitch Satpayev ( ) was celebrated. He was the prominent Kazakh geologist, a founder and the first President of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Member of the Presidium, the State and Lenin prize-winner.

The great learning, the important contribution to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, remarkable geological, scientific and industrial achievements together with social and political activities made Kanysh Satpayev as famous as Abai Kunanbayev, Chokan Valikhanov and Mukhtar Auezov - great sons of the Kazakh people. Kanysh Satpayev was born on April 12, 1899 in the family of noble people in aul No.4, Akkelinskaya volost, Pavlodar district of Semipalatinsk oblast (nowadays the area of K.I.Satpayev Settlement, Bayanaul district, Pavlodar oblast). The Father of the future scientist Imantai Satpayev ( ) was an educated man, had anextensive knowledge of the country's literature and history, spoke fluently Russian, Persian and Arabian languages. Imantai Satpayev respected Chokan Valikhanov, was acquainted with his father Chingiz Valikhanov and the Russian ethnographer G.N.Potanin, Chokan Valikhanov's associate. K.I. Satpayev's mother Alima ( ) died when Kanysh was five years old. When the future scientist was six he began to attend mullah's lessons at a Moslem school. When he was ten he was sent to two-year Russian-Kazakh school to get primary education. He continued his studied at Pavlodar two-year Russian-Kazakh College (finished in 1914). The same year he entered and in 1918 graduated from the Semipalatinsk Teacher's Seminary. In he worked as a teacher of natural sciences at Teacher Training Courses in Semipalatinsk, and in as people judge in Bayanaul.

Zhambyl Zhabaev ( ) Dzhambul Dzhabaev (Feb Jun 1945), traditional folksinger [Kazakh "akyn"], was born in Semirech'e. Student of "akyn" Sayumbai. Expert in Kazakh music. Knew vast numbers of melodies by heart. Sang to accompaniment of "domra" (a plucked string instrument) at "aktys"es (Kazakh contests for "akyn"s). Stalin prize Died in Alma-Ata. Much was written in the 1930s about his primitive-style hymns to Stalin.

Many of Dzhambul's odes were printed in "Pravda" in the late 1930s. He is shown here (in fur cap) being awarded the Order of the Red Banner for Labor by M.I. Kalinin ["Ogonyok," 1936, Issue #32, p. 12]. His "labor" was indeed of heroic, even Stakhanovite proportions, as he cranked out page after page of the most obsequious flattery. In 1938, he received an Order of Lenin ("Pravda," 3 Dec 1938), in return for which he offered one more flattering effusion (reprinted below in English and Russian) to "my Stalin the Great, father and teacher!" Supposedly the real Dzhambul, invited for the first time to Moscow, died at age 70 of a heart attack while boarding a bus. Supposedly translations of his work in the mid to late 1930s were in fact original compositions in Russian, as suggested by their perfect rhyme and meter. No original Kazakh texts ever turned up for them. The name of the translator for some of them, "Altaisky," suggests a pseudonym, named for a prominent mountain range in Dzhambul's native eastern Kazakhstan. It sounds like outrageous slander to us, a provocation by cosmopolite hacks made jealous by Dzhambul's unique ability to speak for the fraternal peoples of the new socialist commonwealth. But the competent organs should look into what may be an oblique confession of murder against the Gor'kij of the Steppe.