Darwin Introduction: Introduction: 1.Some facts about Darvin 1.Some facts about Darvin 2.Geography and climate 2.Geography and climate 3.History 3.History. - презентация

1 Darwin Introduction: Introduction: 1.Some facts about Darvin 1.Some facts about Darvin 2.Geography and climate 2.Geography and climate 3.History 3.History 4.Demographics 4.Demographics 5. Famous sights of Darvin 5. Famous sights of Darvin

2 Some facts about Darwin Darwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 127,500, making it by far the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, but the least populous of all Australia's capital cities. It is the smallest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities, and acts as the Top End's regional centre. Darwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 127,500, making it by far the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, but the least populous of all Australia's capital cities. It is the smallest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities, and acts as the Top End's regional centre.capital cityNorthern TerritoryAustralia Timor SeaTop Endcapital cityNorthern TerritoryAustralia Timor SeaTop End Darwin has grown from a pioneer outpost and small port into one of Australia's most modern and multicultural cities. Its proximity to Asia makes it an important Australian gateway to countries such as Indonesia and East Timor. The Stuart Highway begins in Darwin, ending at Port Augusta in South Australia. Darwin has grown from a pioneer outpost and small port into one of Australia's most modern and multicultural cities. Its proximity to Asia makes it an important Australian gateway to countries such as Indonesia and East Timor. The Stuart Highway begins in Darwin, ending at Port Augusta in South Australia.IndonesiaEast TimorStuart HighwayPort AugustaIndonesiaEast TimorStuart HighwayPort Augusta The city itself is built on a low bluff overlooking the harbour. Its suburbs spread out over some area, beginning at Lee Point in the north and stretching to Berrimah in the eastpast Berrimah, the Stuart Highway goes on to Darwin's satellite city, Palmerston, and its suburbs. The city itself is built on a low bluff overlooking the harbour. Its suburbs spread out over some area, beginning at Lee Point in the north and stretching to Berrimah in the eastpast Berrimah, the Stuart Highway goes on to Darwin's satellite city, Palmerston, and its suburbs.suburbsLee Point Berrimah satellite cityPalmerstonits suburbs Lee Point Berrimah satellite cityPalmerstonits suburbs The region, like the rest of the Top End, has a tropical climate, with a wet and a dry season. It receives heavy rainfall during the Wet, and is well known for its spectacular lightning. The region, like the rest of the Top End, has a tropical climate, with a wet and a dry season. It receives heavy rainfall during the Wet, and is well known for its spectacular lightning.Top Endwet dry seasonTop Endwet dry season The original inhabitants of the greater Darwin area are the Larrakia people. On 9 September 1839, HMS Beagle sailed into Darwin harbour during its surveying of the area. John Clements Wickham named the region "Port Darwin" in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ship's previous voyage which had ended in October The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, and was renamed Darwin in The original inhabitants of the greater Darwin area are the Larrakia people. On 9 September 1839, HMS Beagle sailed into Darwin harbour during its surveying of the area. John Clements Wickham named the region "Port Darwin" in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ship's previous voyage which had ended in October The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, and was renamed Darwin in 1911.LarrakiaHMS BeagleJohn Clements WickhamCharles Darwinship's previous voyageLarrakiaHMS BeagleJohn Clements WickhamCharles Darwinship's previous voyage Having been almost entirely rebuilt twice, once due to Japanese air raids during World War II, and again after being devastated by Cyclone Tracy in 1974, the city is one of Australia's most modern capitals. Having been almost entirely rebuilt twice, once due to Japanese air raids during World War II, and again after being devastated by Cyclone Tracy in 1974, the city is one of Australia's most modern capitals.Japanese air raidsCyclone TracyJapanese air raidsCyclone Tracy

3 Geography Darwin is situated in the Northern Territory, on the Timor Sea. The town proper is built on a low bluff overlooking Darwin harbour, flanked by Frances Bay to the east and Cullen Bay to the west. The remainder of the city is flat and low-lying, and coastal areas are home to recreational reserves, extensive beaches, and excellent fishing. Darwin is situated in the Northern Territory, on the Timor Sea. The town proper is built on a low bluff overlooking Darwin harbour, flanked by Frances Bay to the east and Cullen Bay to the west. The remainder of the city is flat and low-lying, and coastal areas are home to recreational reserves, extensive beaches, and excellent fishing.Timor SeaTimor Sea Darwin is closer to the capitals of five other countries than to the capital of Australia: Darwin is 3,137 kilometres (1,949 mi) away from Canberra. Dili (East Timor) is 656 km (408 mi), Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) is 1,818 km (1,130 mi), Jakarta (Indonesia) is 2,700 km (1,678 mi), Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei) is 2,607 km (1,620 mi), and Melekeok (Palau) is 2,247 km (1,396 mi) from Darwin. Darwin is closer to the capitals of five other countries than to the capital of Australia: Darwin is 3,137 kilometres (1,949 mi) away from Canberra. Dili (East Timor) is 656 km (408 mi), Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) is 1,818 km (1,130 mi), Jakarta (Indonesia) is 2,700 km (1,678 mi), Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei) is 2,607 km (1,620 mi), and Melekeok (Palau) is 2,247 km (1,396 mi) from Darwin.CanberraDiliPort MoresbyJakartaBandar Seri BegawanMelekeokCanberraDiliPort MoresbyJakartaBandar Seri BegawanMelekeok Even Malaysia and Singapore is only slightly farther away at 3,350 km (2,082 mi), as is Manila (Philippines) at 3,206 km (1,992 mi), and Honiara (Solomon Islands) at 3,198 km (1,987 mi). Ambon, Indonesia, is only 881 km (547 mi) away from Darwin. Even Malaysia and Singapore is only slightly farther away at 3,350 km (2,082 mi), as is Manila (Philippines) at 3,206 km (1,992 mi), and Honiara (Solomon Islands) at 3,198 km (1,987 mi). Ambon, Indonesia, is only 881 km (547 mi) away from Darwin. ManilaHoniaraAmbon ManilaHoniaraAmbon Along with its importance as a gateway to Asia, Darwin also acts as an access point for the Kakadu National Park, Arnhem Land, and northerly islands such as Groote Eylandt and the Tiwi Islands. The city is the largest in the area, and provides services for these remote settlements. Along with its importance as a gateway to Asia, Darwin also acts as an access point for the Kakadu National Park, Arnhem Land, and northerly islands such as Groote Eylandt and the Tiwi Islands. The city is the largest in the area, and provides services for these remote settlements.Kakadu National ParkArnhem LandGroote EylandtTiwi IslandsKakadu National ParkArnhem LandGroote EylandtTiwi Islands

4 Map of Darwin with suburbs

5 Climate Darwin has a tropical savannah climate with distinct wet and dry seasons and the average maximum temperature is similar all year round. The dry season runs from April/May to October (the southern hemisphere winter), during which nearly every day is warm and sunny, and afternoon humidity averages around 30%. Darwin has a tropical savannah climate with distinct wet and dry seasons and the average maximum temperature is similar all year round. The dry season runs from April/May to October (the southern hemisphere winter), during which nearly every day is warm and sunny, and afternoon humidity averages around 30%.tropical savannah climatedry seasontropical savannah climatedry season There is very little rainfall between May and September. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14 °C, but very rarely lower, and frost has never been recorded. There is very little rainfall between May and September. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14 °C, but very rarely lower, and frost has never been recorded. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), when thunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70 per cent during the wettest months. It does not rain every day during the wet season, but most days are warm to hot with plentiful cloud cover; January averages under 6 hours of bright sunshine daily. Darwin's highest Bureau of Meteorology verified daily rainfall total is mm, which fell when Cyclone Carlos bore down on the Darwin area on 16 February 2011.February 2011 was also Darwin's wettest month ever recorded, with mm recorded for the month at the airport. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), when thunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70 per cent during the wettest months. It does not rain every day during the wet season, but most days are warm to hot with plentiful cloud cover; January averages under 6 hours of bright sunshine daily. Darwin's highest Bureau of Meteorology verified daily rainfall total is mm, which fell when Cyclone Carlos bore down on the Darwin area on 16 February 2011.February 2011 was also Darwin's wettest month ever recorded, with mm recorded for the month at the airport.tropical cyclones Cyclone Carlostropical cyclones Cyclone Carlos The hottest month is November, just before the onset of the main rainy season. Because of its long dry season, Darwin has the most daily average sunshine hours (8.4) of any Australian capital with the most sunshine from April to November. The sun passes directly overhead in mid October and mid February.Climatically Darwin has more in common with Singapore than Sydney because it sits well inside the tropical zone. The hottest month is November, just before the onset of the main rainy season. Because of its long dry season, Darwin has the most daily average sunshine hours (8.4) of any Australian capital with the most sunshine from April to November. The sun passes directly overhead in mid October and mid February.Climatically Darwin has more in common with Singapore than Sydney because it sits well inside the tropical zone. Darwin is located in one of the most lightning-prone areas in the world. On 31 January 2002, an early morning squall line produced over 5,000 cloud to ground lightning strikes within a 60 kilometres (37 mi) radius of Darwin alone which is about 3 times the amount of lightning that Perth, Western Australia, experiences on average in an entire year. Darwin is located in one of the most lightning-prone areas in the world. On 31 January 2002, an early morning squall line produced over 5,000 cloud to ground lightning strikes within a 60 kilometres (37 mi) radius of Darwin alone which is about 3 times the amount of lightning that Perth, Western Australia, experiences on average in an entire year.squall linePerth, Western Australiasquall linePerth, Western Australia

6 History of Darwin The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area. They had trading routes with Southeast Asia (see Macassan contact with Australia), and imported goods from as far afield as South and Western Australia. Established songlines penetrated throughout the country, allowing stories and histories to be told and retold along the routes. The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area. They had trading routes with Southeast Asia (see Macassan contact with Australia), and imported goods from as far afield as South and Western Australia. Established songlines penetrated throughout the country, allowing stories and histories to be told and retold along the routes.Larrakiatrading routesMacassan contact with AustraliaSouth songlinesLarrakiatrading routesMacassan contact with AustraliaSouth songlines The Dutch visited Australia's northern coastline in the 1600s, and created the first European maps of the area. This accounts for the Dutch names in the area, such as Arnhem Land and Groote Eylandt. The Dutch visited Australia's northern coastline in the 1600s, and created the first European maps of the area. This accounts for the Dutch names in the area, such as Arnhem Land and Groote Eylandt.Arnhem LandGroote EylandtArnhem LandGroote Eylandt The first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of HMS Beagle on 9 September The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with them both on the earlier second expedition of the Beagle. The first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of HMS Beagle on 9 September The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with them both on the earlier second expedition of the Beagle.John Lort StokesHMS BeagleJohn Clements WickhamCharles Darwinsecond expedition of the BeagleJohn Lort StokesHMS BeagleJohn Clements WickhamCharles Darwinsecond expedition of the Beagle In the early 1870s Darwin felt the effects of a gold rush at Pine Creek after employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line found gold while digging holes for telegraph poles. In the early 1870s Darwin felt the effects of a gold rush at Pine Creek after employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line found gold while digging holes for telegraph poles.gold rushPine CreekAustralian Overland Telegraph Linegold rushPine CreekAustralian Overland Telegraph Line In early 1875 Darwin's European population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush. On 17 February 1875 the SS Gothenburg left Darwin en route for Adelaide. The approximately 88 passengers and 34 crew (surviving records vary) included government officials, circuit-court judges, Darwin residents taking their first furlough and miners. While travelling south along the north Queensland coast, the Gothenburg encountered a cyclone-strength storm and was wrecked on a section of the Great Barrier Reef. Only 22 men survived, while between 98 and 112 people perished. Many passengers who perished were Darwin residents and news of the tragedy severely affected the small community, which reportedly took several years to recover. In early 1875 Darwin's European population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush. On 17 February 1875 the SS Gothenburg left Darwin en route for Adelaide. The approximately 88 passengers and 34 crew (surviving records vary) included government officials, circuit-court judges, Darwin residents taking their first furlough and miners. While travelling south along the north Queensland coast, the Gothenburg encountered a cyclone-strength storm and was wrecked on a section of the Great Barrier Reef. Only 22 men survived, while between 98 and 112 people perished. Many passengers who perished were Darwin residents and news of the tragedy severely affected the small community, which reportedly took several years to recover. SS GothenburgAdelaidefurloughGreat Barrier Reef SS GothenburgAdelaidefurloughGreat Barrier Reef

7 History of Darwin, 20 th century In 1863, the Northern Territory was annexed from New South Wales by the young colony of South Australia. On 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin. Goyder named the settlement Palmerston, after the British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston. In 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world. The discovery of gold at Pine Creek in the 1880s further boosted the young colony's development. On transfer to federal administration in 1911, Darwin became the city's official name. In 1863, the Northern Territory was annexed from New South Wales by the young colony of South Australia. On 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin. Goyder named the settlement Palmerston, after the British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston. In 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world. The discovery of gold at Pine Creek in the 1880s further boosted the young colony's development. On transfer to federal administration in 1911, Darwin became the city's official name.annexedNew South Wales South AustraliaGeorge GoyderPalmerstonBritish Prime MinisterLord PalmerstonOverland TelegraphPine CreekannexedNew South Wales South AustraliaGeorge GoyderPalmerstonBritish Prime MinisterLord PalmerstonOverland TelegraphPine Creek The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December Led by Harold Nelson, some 1000 demonstrators marched to Government House at Liberty Square in Darwin where they burnt an effigy of the Administrator of the Northern Territory John Gilruth and demanded his resignation. The incident became known as the 'Darwin Rebellion'. Their grievances were against the two main Northern Territory employers: Vesteys Meatworks and the federal government. Both Gilruth and the Vestey company left Darwin soon afterwards. The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December Led by Harold Nelson, some 1000 demonstrators marched to Government House at Liberty Square in Darwin where they burnt an effigy of the Administrator of the Northern Territory John Gilruth and demanded his resignation. The incident became known as the 'Darwin Rebellion'. Their grievances were against the two main Northern Territory employers: Vesteys Meatworks and the federal government. Both Gilruth and the Vestey company left Darwin soon afterwards.Harold NelsonGovernment HouseeffigyAdministrator of the Northern TerritoryJohn GilruthDarwin RebellionVesteys MeatworksHarold NelsonGovernment HouseeffigyAdministrator of the Northern TerritoryJohn GilruthDarwin RebellionVesteys Meatworks Around 10,000 Allied troops arrived in Darwin in the early 1940s at the outset of World War II, in order to defend Australia's northern coastline. On 19 February 1942 at 0957, 188 Japanese warplanes attacked Darwin in two waves. It was the same fleet that had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin. Around 10,000 Allied troops arrived in Darwin in the early 1940s at the outset of World War II, in order to defend Australia's northern coastline. On 19 February 1942 at 0957, 188 Japanese warplanes attacked Darwin in two waves. It was the same fleet that had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin.Allied Japaneseattacked Darwin Pearl Harbormany raidsAllied Japaneseattacked Darwin Pearl Harbormany raids Despite this major attack, Darwin's development was furthered considerably during the war, with sealed roads constructed connecting the region to Alice Springs in the south and Mount Isa in the south-east, and Manton Dam built in the south to provide the city with water. On Australia Day (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status. Despite this major attack, Darwin's development was furthered considerably during the war, with sealed roads constructed connecting the region to Alice Springs in the south and Mount Isa in the south-east, and Manton Dam built in the south to provide the city with water. On Australia Day (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status.Alice Springs Mount IsaAustralia DayAlice Springs Mount IsaAustralia Day On 25 December 1974, Darwin was struck by Cyclone Tracy, which killed 71 people and destroyed over 70% of the town's buildings, including many old stone buildings such as the Palmerston Town Hall, which could not withstand the lateral forces generated by the strong winds. After the disaster, 30,000 people of a then population of 43,000 were evacuated, in what turned out to be the biggest airlift in Australia's history.[6] The town was subsequently rebuilt with newer materials and techniques during the late 1970s by the Darwin Reconstruction Commission, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor Clem Jones. A satellite city of Palmerston was built 20 km (12 mi) south of Darwin in the early 1980s. On 25 December 1974, Darwin was struck by Cyclone Tracy, which killed 71 people and destroyed over 70% of the town's buildings, including many old stone buildings such as the Palmerston Town Hall, which could not withstand the lateral forces generated by the strong winds. After the disaster, 30,000 people of a then population of 43,000 were evacuated, in what turned out to be the biggest airlift in Australia's history.[6] The town was subsequently rebuilt with newer materials and techniques during the late 1970s by the Darwin Reconstruction Commission, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor Clem Jones. A satellite city of Palmerston was built 20 km (12 mi) south of Darwin in the early 1980s.Cyclone Tracy[6]BrisbaneClem JonesPalmerstonCyclone Tracy[6]BrisbaneClem JonesPalmerston On 17 September 2003 the Adelaide-Darwin railway was completed, with the opening of the Alice Springs-Darwin standard gauge line. On 17 September 2003 the Adelaide-Darwin railway was completed, with the opening of the Alice Springs-Darwin standard gauge line.Adelaide-Darwin railwayAdelaide-Darwin railway

8 Demographics In 2006, the largest ancestry groups in Darwin were, Australian (42,221 or 36.9 per cent), English (29,766 or 26 per cent), Irish (9,561 or 8.3 per cent), Scottish (7,815 or 6.8 per cent), Chinese (3,502 or 3 per cent), Greek (2,828 or 2.4 per cent) and Italian (2,367 or 2 per cent) In 2006, the largest ancestry groups in Darwin were, Australian (42,221 or 36.9 per cent), English (29,766 or 26 per cent), Irish (9,561 or 8.3 per cent), Scottish (7,815 or 6.8 per cent), Chinese (3,502 or 3 per cent), Greek (2,828 or 2.4 per cent) and Italian (2,367 or 2 per cent) Darwin's population is notable for the highest proportional population of Aborigines of any Australian capital city. In the 2006 census 10,259 (9.7 per cent) of Darwin's population was Aboriginal. Darwin's population is notable for the highest proportional population of Aborigines of any Australian capital city. In the 2006 census 10,259 (9.7 per cent) of Darwin's population was Aboriginal.Aborigines Darwin's population changed after the Second World War. Darwin, like many other Australian cities, experienced influxes from Europe, with significant numbers of Italians and Greeks during the 1960s and 1970s. Darwin also started to experience an influx from other European countries, which included the Dutch, Germans and many others. A significant percentage of Darwin's residents are recent immigrants from South East Asia (Asian Australians were 9.3% of Darwin's population in 2001). Darwin's population changed after the Second World War. Darwin, like many other Australian cities, experienced influxes from Europe, with significant numbers of Italians and Greeks during the 1960s and 1970s. Darwin also started to experience an influx from other European countries, which included the Dutch, Germans and many others. A significant percentage of Darwin's residents are recent immigrants from South East Asia (Asian Australians were 9.3% of Darwin's population in 2001).Asian AustraliansAsian Australians Darwin's population comprises people from many ethnic backgrounds. The 2006 Census revealed that the most common places of birth for overseas migrants were the United Kingdom (3.4 per cent), New Zealand (2.1 per cent), the Philippines (1.4 per cent) and East Timor (0.9 per cent) percent of the city's population was born overseas, which is less than the Australian average of 22% Darwin's population comprises people from many ethnic backgrounds. The 2006 Census revealed that the most common places of birth for overseas migrants were the United Kingdom (3.4 per cent), New Zealand (2.1 per cent), the Philippines (1.4 per cent) and East Timor (0.9 per cent) percent of the city's population was born overseas, which is less than the Australian average of 22% Darwin has a youthful population with an average age of 32 years (compared to the national average of around 35 years) assisted to a large extent by the military presence and the fact that many people opt to retire elsewhere. Darwin has a youthful population with an average age of 32 years (compared to the national average of around 35 years) assisted to a large extent by the military presence and the fact that many people opt to retire elsewhere. The most common languages spoken in Darwin after English are Greek, Italian, Indonesian, Vietnamese and Cantonese. The most common languages spoken in Darwin after English are Greek, Italian, Indonesian, Vietnamese and Cantonese.IndonesianVietnameseCantoneseIndonesianVietnameseCantonese

9 Religion Christianity is the most professed faith in Darwin with 56,613 followers accounting for 49.5 per cent of the population of the city. The largest denominations of Christianity are Roman Catholicism (24,538 or 21.5 per cent), Anglicanism (14,028 or 12.3 per cent) and Greek Orthodox (2,964 or 2.6 per cent).Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus and Jews account for 3.2 per cent of Darwin's population. There were 26,695 or 23.3 per cent of people professing no religion. Christianity is the most professed faith in Darwin with 56,613 followers accounting for 49.5 per cent of the population of the city. The largest denominations of Christianity are Roman Catholicism (24,538 or 21.5 per cent), Anglicanism (14,028 or 12.3 per cent) and Greek Orthodox (2,964 or 2.6 per cent).Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus and Jews account for 3.2 per cent of Darwin's population. There were 26,695 or 23.3 per cent of people professing no religion.AnglicanismGreek OrthodoxBuddhistsHindusAnglicanismGreek OrthodoxBuddhistsHindus

10 Famous sights of Darwin

11 Legislative Assembly It was created by an act of the Commonwealth Parliament in 1974, replacing the partly elected Legislative Council. Though it was fully elected, its 19 members initially lacked significant powers, as self- government was not granted until In 1982, the number of members was increased to 25. Each member serves four year terms, and represents a single-member constituency. All members are elected through the preferential system, and as with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all those over 18 years of age. It was created by an act of the Commonwealth Parliament in 1974, replacing the partly elected Legislative Council. Though it was fully elected, its 19 members initially lacked significant powers, as self- government was not granted until In 1982, the number of members was increased to 25. Each member serves four year terms, and represents a single-member constituency. All members are elected through the preferential system, and as with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all those over 18 years of age. Legislative Council Legislative Council The granting of self-government saw the Assembly assume control of most of the functions of life in the Northern Territory. However, the federal government retained control of certain areas, including Aboriginal land, industrial relations, national parks and uranium mining. The federal government also retained the power to override legislation passed by the Assembly. Though rarely used, this power was most clearly illustrated in the mid-1990s, when the Commonwealth overrode the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act The granting of self-government saw the Assembly assume control of most of the functions of life in the Northern Territory. However, the federal government retained control of certain areas, including Aboriginal land, industrial relations, national parks and uranium mining. The federal government also retained the power to override legislation passed by the Assembly. Though rarely used, this power was most clearly illustrated in the mid-1990s, when the Commonwealth overrode the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995.Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995

12 Charles Darwin University Charles Darwin University (CDU) is an Australian public university with about 20,000 students in Charles Darwin University (CDU) is an Australian public university with about 20,000 students in 2007.university The University offers a wide range of Higher Education degrees and Vocational Education and Training courses with flexible study options, including part-time, external and online. The University offers a wide range of Higher Education degrees and Vocational Education and Training courses with flexible study options, including part-time, external and online.Higher EducationVocational EducationHigher EducationVocational Education CDU has campuses in the Darwin suburb of Casuarina, the city of Palmerston, and the towns of Alice Springs, Katherine and Nhulunbuy, with smaller training centres in Jabiru, Tennant Creek and Yulara. CDU has campuses in the Darwin suburb of Casuarina, the city of Palmerston, and the towns of Alice Springs, Katherine and Nhulunbuy, with smaller training centres in Jabiru, Tennant Creek and Yulara.Darwin CasuarinaPalmerstonAlice SpringsKatherine Nhulunbuy JabiruTennant CreekYularaDarwin CasuarinaPalmerstonAlice SpringsKatherine Nhulunbuy JabiruTennant CreekYulara Charles Darwin University was created on 1 January 2004 from the amalgamation of Northern Territory University (NTU) of Darwin and Centralian College of Alice Springs. The University is named after Charles Darwin, the celebrated English naturalist. Charles Darwin University was created on 1 January 2004 from the amalgamation of Northern Territory University (NTU) of Darwin and Centralian College of Alice Springs. The University is named after Charles Darwin, the celebrated English naturalist. DarwinAlice Springs Charles Darwin Alice Springs Charles Darwin

13 Darwin Beer Can Regatta The Darwin Beer Can Regatta is an event which has been held annually since 1974 in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia at Mindil Beach. Participants create boats using empty beer cans, soft drink (soda) cans, soft drink bottle and milk cartons. The vessels are not tested for seaworthiness, prior to water events, and those that fall apart are part of the day's entertainment. A great many sundry events go along with the regatta, including concerts, a thong-throwing contest and the "Henley-on- Mindil" competition (named after the Henley-on-Todd Regatta), where participants run their "boats" around like Flintstones cars. The Darwin Beer Can Regatta is an event which has been held annually since 1974 in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia at Mindil Beach. Participants create boats using empty beer cans, soft drink (soda) cans, soft drink bottle and milk cartons. The vessels are not tested for seaworthiness, prior to water events, and those that fall apart are part of the day's entertainment. A great many sundry events go along with the regatta, including concerts, a thong-throwing contest and the "Henley-on- Mindil" competition (named after the Henley-on-Todd Regatta), where participants run their "boats" around like Flintstones cars.Darwin, Northern TerritoryAustraliaMindil Beachbeer cans seaworthiness regattathongHenley-on-Todd RegattaboatsFlintstonesDarwin, Northern TerritoryAustraliaMindil Beachbeer cans seaworthiness regattathongHenley-on-Todd RegattaboatsFlintstones The Can Regatta was the brainchild of Lutz Frankenfeld and Paul Rice- Chapman, both of whom were members of the Darwin Regional Tourism Promotion Aassociation. At the time, Paul (working at local newspaper "the NT News") had a deal with Swan Breweries to stage a water festival of somesort, and was developing the idea of building rafts out of empty beer cans. Lutz took this idea a step further and added an outboard motor to the vessel, and things grew from there. The Can Regatta was the brainchild of Lutz Frankenfeld and Paul Rice- Chapman, both of whom were members of the Darwin Regional Tourism Promotion Aassociation. At the time, Paul (working at local newspaper "the NT News") had a deal with Swan Breweries to stage a water festival of somesort, and was developing the idea of building rafts out of empty beer cans. Lutz took this idea a step further and added an outboard motor to the vessel, and things grew from there. The Beer Can Regatta is now managed by the Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta Association Inc, which is essentially a partnership of the three Lions Clubs of the Darwin region, to 1/ promote tourism in the Northern Territory, 2/ raise funds for charitable purposes, and 3/ promote Lionism. The Beer Can Regatta is now managed by the Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta Association Inc, which is essentially a partnership of the three Lions Clubs of the Darwin region, to 1/ promote tourism in the Northern Territory, 2/ raise funds for charitable purposes, and 3/ promote Lionism. The Beer Can Regatta is also known as the Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta. The Beer Can Regatta is also known as the Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta. The Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta has in recent years taken place on Mindil Beach on Sundays 8 August 2010, 19 July 2009 and on 13 July The date changes every year, but will generally take place on a Sunday with favourably timed high water. The Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta has in recent years taken place on Mindil Beach on Sundays 8 August 2010, 19 July 2009 and on 13 July The date changes every year, but will generally take place on a Sunday with favourably timed high water. The 2011 Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta will be held on Sunday 10 July 2011, and the 2012 Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta will be held on Sunday 15th July The 2011 Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta will be held on Sunday 10 July 2011, and the 2012 Darwin Lions Beer Can Regatta will be held on Sunday 15th July 2012.

14 World Solar Challenge The World Solar Challenge is a solar-powered car race which covers 3,021 km (1,877 mi) through the Australian Outback, from Darwin to Adelaide. The World Solar Challenge is a solar-powered car race which covers 3,021 km (1,877 mi) through the Australian Outback, from Darwin to Adelaide.solar-powered car raceAustralianOutback DarwinAdelaidesolar-powered car raceAustralianOutback DarwinAdelaide The race attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or corporations although some are fielded by high schools. The race has a 20-year history spanning nine races, with the inaugural event taking place in The race attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or corporations although some are fielded by high schools. The race has a 20-year history spanning nine races, with the inaugural event taking place in 1987.universitiescorporations high schoolsuniversitiescorporations high schools Efficient balancing of power resources and power consumption is the key to success during the race. At any moment in time the optimal driving speed depends on the weather (forecast) and the remaining capacity of the batteries. The team members in the (normal) escort cars will continuously remotely retrieve data from the solar car about its condition and use these data as input for prior developed computer programs to work out the best driving strategy. Efficient balancing of power resources and power consumption is the key to success during the race. At any moment in time the optimal driving speed depends on the weather (forecast) and the remaining capacity of the batteries. The team members in the (normal) escort cars will continuously remotely retrieve data from the solar car about its condition and use these data as input for prior developed computer programs to work out the best driving strategy. It is equally important to charge the batteries as much as possible in periods of daylight when the car is not racing. To capture as much solar-energy as possible, the solar panels are generally directed such that these are perpendicular to the incident sun rays. Often the whole car is tilted for this purpose. It is equally important to charge the batteries as much as possible in periods of daylight when the car is not racing. To capture as much solar-energy as possible, the solar panels are generally directed such that these are perpendicular to the incident sun rays. Often the whole car is tilted for this purpose. In 2007 the Dutch Nuon Solar team scored their fourth successive victory with Nuna 4 in the challenge class averaging km/h (55.97 mph) under the new rules, while the Ashiya team with their car Tiga won the race in the adventure class under the old rules with an average speed of km/h (58.12 mph). In 2007 the Dutch Nuon Solar team scored their fourth successive victory with Nuna 4 in the challenge class averaging km/h (55.97 mph) under the new rules, while the Ashiya team with their car Tiga won the race in the adventure class under the old rules with an average speed of km/h (58.12 mph).Nuna 4Nuna 4 In 2009 the race was won by the "Tokai Challenger", built by the Tokai University Solar Car Team in Japan. The Dutch Nuon Solar Team's Nuna 5 finished in second place followed by the University of Michigan in third. The first Australian car across the line was Sunswift IV built by students at the University of New South Wales which came in fourth overall and was the first silicon-based cell car to finish. In 2009 the race was won by the "Tokai Challenger", built by the Tokai University Solar Car Team in Japan. The Dutch Nuon Solar Team's Nuna 5 finished in second place followed by the University of Michigan in third. The first Australian car across the line was Sunswift IV built by students at the University of New South Wales which came in fourth overall and was the first silicon-based cell car to finish.Tokai Challenger Tokai UniversityJapanNuna 5University of MichiganUniversity of New South WalesTokai Challenger Tokai UniversityJapanNuna 5University of MichiganUniversity of New South Wales

15 Royal Darwin Hospital The first hospital of the settlement of Palmerston (later Darwin) was built in The hospital was built on Packard Street overlooking Doctors Gully under the authority of Dr James Millner. By 1878, the hospital was improved with stone. During the next 40 years, the hospital was administered by South Australia. In 1911, the Commonwealth Government assumed control. Construction of an 89- bed hospital fronting Lambell Terrace commenced in 1941 to cater for the Darwin area population of 4,000. The new hospital opened 2 February 1942 and was bombed just 17 days later during the Bombing of Darwin. The first hospital of the settlement of Palmerston (later Darwin) was built in The hospital was built on Packard Street overlooking Doctors Gully under the authority of Dr James Millner. By 1878, the hospital was improved with stone. During the next 40 years, the hospital was administered by South Australia. In 1911, the Commonwealth Government assumed control. Construction of an 89- bed hospital fronting Lambell Terrace commenced in 1941 to cater for the Darwin area population of 4,000. The new hospital opened 2 February 1942 and was bombed just 17 days later during the Bombing of Darwin.PalmerstonDarwin Doctors GullyDr James MillnerSouth AustraliaLambell TerraceDarwin Bombing of DarwinPalmerstonDarwin Doctors GullyDr James MillnerSouth AustraliaLambell TerraceDarwin Bombing of Darwin Prior to Cyclone Tracy in 1974, approval had been given for the construction, based on the Woden Hospital design, of Casuarina Hospital on Rocklands Drive in the northern suburb of Tiwi. Casuarina Hospital became fully operational on 20 May On 1 January 1982, the Casuarina Hospital name was changed to Darwin Hospital. Following the Royal Assent on 10 January 1984, the hospital became Royal Darwin Hospital. Prior to Cyclone Tracy in 1974, approval had been given for the construction, based on the Woden Hospital design, of Casuarina Hospital on Rocklands Drive in the northern suburb of Tiwi. Casuarina Hospital became fully operational on 20 May On 1 January 1982, the Casuarina Hospital name was changed to Darwin Hospital. Following the Royal Assent on 10 January 1984, the hospital became Royal Darwin Hospital.Cyclone TracyWoden HospitalRoyal AssentCyclone TracyWoden HospitalRoyal Assent During 2003, The Royal Darwin Hospital underwent a $43 million major redevelopment which has seen the construction of a new Emergency Department, a new expanded Intensive Care, Coronary Care, an Operating Theatre suite, a new Imaging Department and a 12-bed Hospice. During 2003, The Royal Darwin Hospital underwent a $43 million major redevelopment which has seen the construction of a new Emergency Department, a new expanded Intensive Care, Coronary Care, an Operating Theatre suite, a new Imaging Department and a 12-bed Hospice. The Royal Darwin Hospital is also home of the National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre funded by the Australian Government after the hospital's efforts associated with the Bali Bombings in October The Royal Darwin Hospital is also home of the National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre funded by the Australian Government after the hospital's efforts associated with the Bali Bombings in October 2002.

16 Films Black Water Black Water Black Water is a 2007 Australian horror/thriller film set in the mangrove seas of northern Australia. It was written and directed by Andrew Traucki and David Nerlich and stars Diana Glenn, Maeve Dermody and Andy Rodoreda. The film was inspired by the true story of a crocodile attack in Australia's Northern Territory in December Black Water is a 2007 Australian horror/thriller film set in the mangrove seas of northern Australia. It was written and directed by Andrew Traucki and David Nerlich and stars Diana Glenn, Maeve Dermody and Andy Rodoreda. The film was inspired by the true story of a crocodile attack in Australia's Northern Territory in December 2003.AustralianhorrorthrillermangroveAndrew TrauckiDavid NerlichDiana Glenn Maeve DermodyAndy RodoredaAustralianhorrorthrillermangroveAndrew TrauckiDavid NerlichDiana Glenn Maeve DermodyAndy Rodoreda Awards Awards -Two AFI Awards; Best Editing (Rodrigo Balart) and Best Supporting Actress (Maeve Dermody). -Two AFI Awards; Best Editing (Rodrigo Balart) and Best Supporting Actress (Maeve Dermody). -Two FCCA Awards; Best Editing (Rodrigo Balart) and Best Supporting Actress (Maeve Dermody). -Two FCCA Awards; Best Editing (Rodrigo Balart) and Best Supporting Actress (Maeve Dermody). -Four IF Awards; Best Actress (Maeve Dermody), Best Director (David Nerlich and Andrew Traucki), Best Editing (Rodrigo Balart) twice. -Four IF Awards; Best Actress (Maeve Dermody), Best Director (David Nerlich and Andrew Traucki), Best Editing (Rodrigo Balart) twice. -Best Cinematography (John Biggins) -Best Cinematography (John Biggins) -Best Director (David Nerlich and Andrew Traucki) -Best Director (David Nerlich and Andrew Traucki)

17 Kakadu National Park Flora Flora Kakadu's flora is among the richest in northern Australia with more than 1700 plant species recorded which is a result of the Park's geological, landform and habitat diversity. Kakadu is also considered to be one of the most weed free national parks in the world. Kakadu's flora is among the richest in northern Australia with more than 1700 plant species recorded which is a result of the Park's geological, landform and habitat diversity. Kakadu is also considered to be one of the most weed free national parks in the world.northern Australianorthern Australia The distinctly different geographical areas of Kakadu have their own specialised flora. The environment referred to as the Stone Country features resurrection grasses that are able to cope with extreme heat and long dry spells followed by periods of torrential rain. Monsoon forests often develop in the cool moist gorges dissecting the stone country. The southern hills and basins support several endemic plants that are only found in Kakadu such as Eucalyptus koolpinensis near Jarrangbarnmi (Koolpin Gorge). Lowland areas form a large proportion of Kakadu National Park and are mainly covered in eucalypt-dominated open woodland with the ground layer consisting of a large range of grasses including spear grass, sedges and wildflowers. The distinctly different geographical areas of Kakadu have their own specialised flora. The environment referred to as the Stone Country features resurrection grasses that are able to cope with extreme heat and long dry spells followed by periods of torrential rain. Monsoon forests often develop in the cool moist gorges dissecting the stone country. The southern hills and basins support several endemic plants that are only found in Kakadu such as Eucalyptus koolpinensis near Jarrangbarnmi (Koolpin Gorge). Lowland areas form a large proportion of Kakadu National Park and are mainly covered in eucalypt-dominated open woodland with the ground layer consisting of a large range of grasses including spear grass, sedges and wildflowers.environmentendemicspear grassenvironmentendemicspear grass The floodplains, which are inundated for several months each year, feature sedges such as spike rush as well patches of freshwater mangroves (itchy tree), pandanus and paper bark trees (Melaleuca). Varieties of water lilies, such as the blue, yellow and white snowflake, are commonly found in these areas. Estuaries and tidal flats are populated with varieties of mangroves (39 of the 47 Northern Territory species of mangrove occur in Kakadu) that are important for stabilising the coastline. Mangroves serve as feeding and breeding grounds for many fish species including the barramundi. The floodplains, which are inundated for several months each year, feature sedges such as spike rush as well patches of freshwater mangroves (itchy tree), pandanus and paper bark trees (Melaleuca). Varieties of water lilies, such as the blue, yellow and white snowflake, are commonly found in these areas. Estuaries and tidal flats are populated with varieties of mangroves (39 of the 47 Northern Territory species of mangrove occur in Kakadu) that are important for stabilising the coastline. Mangroves serve as feeding and breeding grounds for many fish species including the barramundi.floodplains mangrovespandanusMelaleucawater liliesMangrovesbarramundifloodplains mangrovespandanusMelaleucawater liliesMangrovesbarramundi On the tidal flats behind the mangroves, hardy succulents (samphire), grasses and sedges grow. Isolated pockets of monsoon forest grow along the coast and river banks. These forests contain several impressive trees, among them the banyan fig, which can be recognised by its large, spreading aerial roots, and the kapok tree, which has a spiny trunk, large, waxy red flowers and pods full of cotton-like materia On the tidal flats behind the mangroves, hardy succulents (samphire), grasses and sedges grow. Isolated pockets of monsoon forest grow along the coast and river banks. These forests contain several impressive trees, among them the banyan fig, which can be recognised by its large, spreading aerial roots, and the kapok tree, which has a spiny trunk, large, waxy red flowers and pods full of cotton-like materiasamphirebanyankapok treesamphirebanyankapok tree

18 Kakadu National Park Mammals Mammals About 60 mammal speciesmarsupials and placental mammals have been recorded in the Park. Most of them inhabit the open forest and woodlands and are nocturnal, making it difficult to see them. Others, such as wallabies and kangaroos (macropods, 8 species), are active in the cooler parts of the day and are easier to see. About 60 mammal speciesmarsupials and placental mammals have been recorded in the Park. Most of them inhabit the open forest and woodlands and are nocturnal, making it difficult to see them. Others, such as wallabies and kangaroos (macropods, 8 species), are active in the cooler parts of the day and are easier to see.mammalnocturnalwallabieskangaroosmammalnocturnalwallabieskangaroos Among the larger more common species are Dingos, Antilopine Kangaroos, Black Wallaroos, Agile Wallabys, and Short-eared Rock Wallabys. Smaller common mammals are northern quolls, brush- tailed phascogales, brown bandicoots, black-footed tree-rats, and black fruit bats. Dugongs are found in the coastal waters.[4] However, recent surveys have revealed a disturbing decline of nearly all mammal species throughout Kakadu, including once common and widespread species such as northern quolls. Among the larger more common species are Dingos, Antilopine Kangaroos, Black Wallaroos, Agile Wallabys, and Short-eared Rock Wallabys. Smaller common mammals are northern quolls, brush- tailed phascogales, brown bandicoots, black-footed tree-rats, and black fruit bats. Dugongs are found in the coastal waters.[4] However, recent surveys have revealed a disturbing decline of nearly all mammal species throughout Kakadu, including once common and widespread species such as northern quolls.DingosAntilopine KangaroosBlack WallaroosAgile WallabysShort-eared Rock Wallabysnorthern quollsbrush- tailed phascogalesbrown bandicootsblack-footed tree-rats black fruit batsDugongs[4]DingosAntilopine KangaroosBlack WallaroosAgile WallabysShort-eared Rock Wallabysnorthern quollsbrush- tailed phascogalesbrown bandicootsblack-footed tree-rats black fruit batsDugongs[4] Birds Birds Kakadus many habitats support more than 280 species of birds, or about one-third of Australias bird species. Some birds range over a number of habitats, but many are found in only one environment. Kakadus many habitats support more than 280 species of birds, or about one-third of Australias bird species. Some birds range over a number of habitats, but many are found in only one environment. Some 11,246 km2 of Kakadus savanna habitats has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of the endangered Gouldian Finch, the vulnerable Red Goshawk, the near threatened Partridge Pigeon and Chestnut-backed Button-quail, and the restricted-range Hooded Parrot and Rainbow Pitta. The Kakadu Savanna IBA also supports Varied Lorikeets, Northern Rosellas, Silver-crowned Friarbirds, White-gaped, Yellow-tinted, White-lined, Bar-breasted and Banded Honeyeaters, Sandstone Shrike-thrushes, White- browed Robins, Canary White-eyes, and Masked and Long-tailed Finches. Some 11,246 km2 of Kakadus savanna habitats has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of the endangered Gouldian Finch, the vulnerable Red Goshawk, the near threatened Partridge Pigeon and Chestnut-backed Button-quail, and the restricted-range Hooded Parrot and Rainbow Pitta. The Kakadu Savanna IBA also supports Varied Lorikeets, Northern Rosellas, Silver-crowned Friarbirds, White-gaped, Yellow-tinted, White-lined, Bar-breasted and Banded Honeyeaters, Sandstone Shrike-thrushes, White- browed Robins, Canary White-eyes, and Masked and Long-tailed Finches.savannaBirdLife InternationalImportant Bird AreaendangeredGouldian FinchvulnerableRed Goshawknear threatenedPartridge PigeonChestnut-backed Button-quail Hooded ParrotRainbow PittaVaried LorikeetsNorthern RosellasSilver-crowned FriarbirdsWhite-gapedYellow-tintedWhite-linedBar-breastedBanded HoneyeatersSandstone Shrike-thrushesWhite- browed RobinsCanary White-eyesMaskedLong-tailed FinchessavannaBirdLife InternationalImportant Bird AreaendangeredGouldian FinchvulnerableRed Goshawknear threatenedPartridge PigeonChestnut-backed Button-quail Hooded ParrotRainbow PittaVaried LorikeetsNorthern RosellasSilver-crowned FriarbirdsWhite-gapedYellow-tintedWhite-linedBar-breastedBanded HoneyeatersSandstone Shrike-thrushesWhite- browed RobinsCanary White-eyesMaskedLong-tailed Finches