Using Information Technology Chapter 2 The Internet & the World Wide Web Exploring Cyberspace. - презентация

1 Using Information Technology Chapter 2 The Internet & the World Wide Web Exploring Cyberspace

2 The internet & the World Wide Web 2 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Internet & the World Wide Web Exploring Cyberspace 2.1Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband 2.2Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) 2.3How Does the Internet Work? 2.4Sending & Receiving 2.5The World Wide Web 2.6The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources

3 The internet & the World Wide Web 3 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2.1 Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband Bandwidth - an expression of how much data can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time Baseband – Allows only one signal at a time Broadband – Several signals can be sent at once

4 The internet & the World Wide Web 4 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband Download - to transmit data from a remote computer to a local computer Upload - to transmit data from a local computer to a remote computer

5 The internet & the World Wide Web 5 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Telephone (Dial-Up) Modem: Low Speed but Inexpensive & Widely Available Modem - a device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers There are two types of modems – internal and external

6 The internet & the World Wide Web 6 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. High-Speed Phone Lines: More Expensive but Available in Most Cities ISDN - hardware and software that allows voice, video, and data to be communicated over traditional copper- wire telephone lines DSL - uses regular phone lines like ISDN, a DSL modem, and special technology to transmit data in megabits per second. T1 - a traditional trunk line that carries 24 normal telephone circuits and has a transmission rate of 1.5 Mbps.

7 The internet & the World Wide Web 7 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Wireless Systems: Satellite & Other Through-the-Air Connections Communications satellite: a space station that transmits radio waves called microwaves from earth-based stations. Other wireless connections: towers transmit radio waves. They can send data up to the speed of 155 Mbps. Used to operate local cellular phones.

8 The internet & the World Wide Web 8 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2.2 Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) ISP - a company that connects you through your communications line to its servers, or central (host) computer, which connect you to the internet via another companys network access points

9 The internet & the World Wide Web 9 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2.3 How Does the Internet Work? You connect to the ISPs POP using a telephone number that your ISP provides. A point-of-presence (POP) is a collection of modems and other equipment in a local area. ISPs connect to a backbone to access remote web servers. Backbones are high-speed, high capacity transmission lines that use newest communications technology.

10 The internet & the World Wide Web 10 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. TCP/IP, the Internet Society, and ICANN Protocol is a set of conventions that govern the format of data transmitted electronically. They ensure that all data is exchanged in a consistent format. TCP/IP is a protocol that enables all computers to interpret and use data transmitted over the internet.

11 The internet & the World Wide Web 11 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. TCP/IP, the Internet Society, and ICANN ISOC (Internet Society) provides leadership in addressing issues that confront the future of the internet. ICANN was established to regulate human-friendly internet domain names

12 The internet & the World Wide Web 12 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2.4 Sending & Receiving Incoming is stored on a mailbox on the server. Outgoing is sent to a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server.

13 The internet & the World Wide Web 13 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Software & Carriers Get an program (browser) as part of other computer software Get software as part of your ISP package Get free services Buy software Hotmail offers free services

14 The internet & the World Wide Web 14 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Addresses User name/ID: Joe_Black Domain name: earthlink Top-level domain:.net Two-letter country extension:.us

15 The internet & the World Wide Web 15 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Parts of an Message and Attachments The three parts of an message are the (1) address of the recipient, (2) subject of the message, and (3) message content. In addition, the files on a computer can be attached to an message. The person receiving the attachment must have the same software that created the attachment.

16 The internet & the World Wide Web 16 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Other Ways of Communicating Instant messaging (IM) - allows any user on a given system to send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone else logged onto that system Mailing Lists: -based discussion groups Listserv – is an automatic mailing-list server that sends to subscribers participating in discussion topics

17 The internet & the World Wide Web 17 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior Consult FAQs Avoid flaming Do not SHOUT Be careful with jokes Avoid sloppiness Do not send huge file attachments Quote with relevant portion, when replying Do not overforward Emoticons

18 The internet & the World Wide Web 18 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Spam: Unwanted Junk Delete without opening the message Never reply to a spam message! Enlist the help of your ISP or use spam filters Fight back

19 The internet & the World Wide Web 19 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Keeping Private Install security software Do not put any sensitive or embarrassing information in the Even deleted mail can be traced on your hard disk

20 The internet & the World Wide Web 20 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2.5 The World Wide Web Q: What makes the Web graphically inviting? A: Multimedia Q: What makes the Web easily navigable? A: Hypertext

21 The internet & the World Wide Web 21 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Web & How It Works A computer with a domain name is called a website Example:

22 The internet & the World Wide Web 22 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Web & How It Works Web pages – the documents on a website A web page is a document on the World Wide Web that can include text, pictures, sound, and video.

23 The internet & the World Wide Web 23 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Web & How It Works Web browser - software that enables users to view web pages and to jump from one page to another Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are most commonly used browsers

24 The internet & the World Wide Web 24 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Web & How It Works URLs – addresses for web pages The URL is a string of characters that points to a specific piece of information anywhere on the web The URL consists of the web protocol, the name of the web server, the directory on that server, and the file within that directory

25 The internet & the World Wide Web 25 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web The five basic elements of a web browser are: Menu bar Toolbar URL bar Workspace Status bar

26 The internet & the World Wide Web 26 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web Starting out from home – the start up page is the home page Personalizing your home page – a home page can be personalized according to the users choices Getting around – Back, Forward, Home, and Search features

27 The internet & the World Wide Web 27 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web History list - allows you to return to a page you have recently visited Bookmarks or favorites – let you store the URL of web pages you frequently visit so that you do not have to remember or retype the URLs

28 The internet & the World Wide Web 28 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web Interactivity – hyperlinks, radio buttons, and fill-in text boxes Radio buttons – little circles located in front of various options; selecting an option with the mouse places a dot in the corresponding circle

29 The internet & the World Wide Web 29 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Using Your Browser to Get Around the Web Scrolling – Navigating up and down a web page using scroll arrows Frames are independently controllable sections on a web page. They allow looking at the two pages simultaneously.

30 The internet & the World Wide Web 30 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information Web portal – a gateway website that offers a broad array of resources and services, such as: online shopping malls support current news and weather stock quotes travel information links to other popular subject categories Examples –

31 The internet & the World Wide Web 31 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information After logging on, you can: Check the home page for general information Use the directory to find a topic Use keyword to search for a topic Directory General Information Keyword

32 The internet & the World Wide Web 32 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Four Types of Search Engines Human-organized search sites Computer-created search sites Hybrid search sites Metasearch sites

33 The internet & the World Wide Web 33 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Tips for Smart Searching Choose search items well with the correct spelling Use phrases with quotation marks Put unique words first in a phrase Use operators Use wildcards Read the Help or Search Tips section Try an alternate general search site or a specific search site

34 The internet & the World Wide Web 34 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Multimedia on the Web Plug-in – a program that adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files Developing multimedia – applets, Java, and Visual Studio.NET

35 The internet & the World Wide Web 35 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Multimedia on the Web Text and images Animation Video Download and view Streaming video Audio Download and listen Streaming audio

36 The internet & the World Wide Web 36 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Push Technology & Webcasting Push technology - software that automatically downloads information to your computer Webcasting – a result of push technology, where customized text, video, and audio are sent automatically on a regular basis

37 The internet & the World Wide Web 37 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Internet Telephone & Videophone Internet telephony - using the Net to make phone calls, either one-to-one or for audio conferencing Internet telephone software – Netscape Conference, Microsoft Netmeeting

38 The internet & the World Wide Web 38 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Designing Web Pages There are professional web designers who develop websites. Menu-driven programs, such as Microsoft FrontPage or Macromedia Dreamweaver can be used to design websites.

39 The internet & the World Wide Web 39 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2.6 The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources More internet resources: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – for copying all the free files you want Telnet – to connect to remote computers

40 The internet & the World Wide Web 40 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. More Internet Resources NewsgroupsNewsgroups – for online typed discussions on specific topics Real-time chat – typed discussions among online participants Telnet: a protocol that allows you to connect to remote computers on the internet by using a user name and a password and to run programs on those computers. FTP: a protocol that allows

41 The internet & the World Wide Web 41 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Your Personal Cyberspace Blogs – web logs, accessible to other users Relationships – online matchmaking Education – distance learning Health – patient self-education Entertainment – amusing yourself on the internet

42 The internet & the World Wide Web 42 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Trade and Commerce E-commerce Auctions – linking individual buyers and sellers Online finance – trading, banking, and e-money Online job hunting B2B commerce

43 The internet & the World Wide Web 43 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for using the Net to make phone calls, either one-to-one or for audioconferencing? Internet telephony

44 The internet & the World Wide Web 44 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which program allows you to connect to remote computers on the internet using a username and a password? Telnet

45 The internet & the World Wide Web 45 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which type of search site sends your query to several other different search tools and compiles the results? Metasearch site

46 The internet & the World Wide Web 46 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the method whereby you can connect to a remote computer and transfer files from it to your own microcomputers hard disk? FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

47 The internet & the World Wide Web 47 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which language consists of tags, and is used to create web pages? Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

48 The internet & the World Wide Web 48 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What are the four components of a URL? 1. The web protocol 2. The name of the web server 3. The directory on that server 4. The file within that directory

49 The internet & the World Wide Web 49 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name given to online education programs? Distance learning

50 The internet & the World Wide Web 50 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for writing an online message that uses derogatory, obscene, or inappropriate language? Flaming

51 The internet & the World Wide Web 51 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for keyboard-produced pictorial representations of expressions? Emoticons

52 The internet & the World Wide Web 52 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is netiquette? Network etiquette – guides to appropriate online behavior

53 The internet & the World Wide Web 53 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for an independently controllable section of a Web page? Frame

54 The internet & the World Wide Web 54 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for a website such as Yahoo! that groups together popular features such as search tools, , electronic commerce, and discussion groups? Portal

55 The internet & the World Wide Web 55 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is broadband? Very high speed connection, where several signals can be sent at once

56 The internet & the World Wide Web 56 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for the transmission of data from a remote computer to a local computer? Download

57 The internet & the World Wide Web 57 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the first component of a URL? The protocol (for example, http)

58 The internet & the World Wide Web 58 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What method of interaction with a web page consists of little circles in front of user-selectable options? Radio buttons

59 The internet & the World Wide Web 59 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What type of program adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files? Plug-in

60 The internet & the World Wide Web 60 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for unsolicited in the form of advertising or chain letters? Spam

61 The internet & the World Wide Web 61 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What does RTC stand for? Real-time chat, a typed discussion among online users