Done by Rodion Teslya Form 10-A School 11. Language Passport. - презентация

1 Done by Rodion Teslya Form 10-A School 11

2 Language Passport

3 Hello! My name is Rodion. Im a student of 10 th form and Im taking part in English contest. Id like to present myself. I hope, youll be interested in my biography! Youll know about me, my family, my native town, my school & friends!!!

4 I am… To start with, my full name is Rodion Igorevich Teslya. What a rare name, someone can say, but I am thankful to my parents for calling me Rodion and not Vladlen, Vasya or Natan for instance. Im a very happy person and Im proud of this fact!

5 My Family My family isn't very big, because there are only five of us. They are my mother, my father, my grandparents and me. You see I am the only child in the family, but I always wanted to have a brother. And now my dreams coming true. My mother is pregnant. Im very-very-very happy!!! Of course I can't forget about my cat. Its name is Felix. It's very funny but angry.

6 My Mother-Place. Artemivsk I will be your guide about my native town. Boris Gorbatov said that Artemivsk was the best town all over the world. I agree with him and I can explain it. Artemivsk was called Bakhmut long time ago. In Bakhmut there were a lot of schools, universities. For example there were a trade school, a seminary, a women's grammar- school, an art-school in Bakhmut. Bakhmut had its own power-station, a lot of churches. Bakhmut was the commercial centre of Ukraine.

7 My Mother-Place. Artemivsk Then Bakhmut was renamed into Artemivsk. Artemivsk is an industrial town. Today it's the centre of salt industry in Ukraine. Our enterprise "Artyomsalt" produces 5'000'000 tons of salt every year. Artemivsk is my native town. My parents live here, my grandparents live here, all my friends live here so I can't leave this town. But I wouldn't like to do this either because my heart lives here, my soul likes this town. I like my city for its old buildings, which help me to remember the history of my town, for its beauty in the spring, for the great number of flower-beds, for its Recreation Park. What is the number of them - the number of small towns between large cities, the names of which you forget hardly you have left it? I don't know but I'd like to say that the best one is Artemivsk!

8 My school:) As we become older we realize that there are some essential things and places you always long to come back to. We shall always be indebted to our teachers for the rest of our lives. My school is situated in Artyom Street in one of the residential districts of our town. There are many classrooms, laboratories, specialized rooms and workshops in my school. The classrooms are equipped with modern teaching materials, necessary devices and facilities. Our school life is very interesting. Most of the lessons are instructive and I must confess that school years are unforgettable.

9 Language Biography

10 Done by Rodion Teslya Form 10-A

11 (January 25, 1874 – December 16, 1965) was an English playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was one of the most popular authors of his era, and reputedly the highest paid of his profession during the 1930s.

12 Born 25 January 1874 Paris, France Died 16 December 1965 (aged 91) Nice, France Occupation Playwright, Novelist, Short Story writer Notable works Of Human Bondage, The Letter, Rain, The Razor's Edge

13 Maugham's father was an English lawyer handling the legal affairs of the British embassy in Paris. Since French law declared that all children born on French soil could be conscripted for military service, Robert Ormond Maugham arranged for William to be born at the embassy, technically on British soil, saving him from conscription into any future French wars. His grandfather, another Robert, had also been a prominent lawyer and cofounder of the English Law Society, and it was taken for granted that William would follow in their footsteps. Events were to ensure this was not to be, but his elder brother Viscount Maugham did enjoy a distinguished legal career, and served as Lord Chancellor between 1938–39.

14 Many readers and some critics have assumed that the years Maugham spent studying medicine were a creative dead end, but Maugham himself felt quite the contrary. He was able to live in the lively city of London, to meet people of a "low" sort that he would never have met in one of the other professions, and to see them in a time of heightened anxiety and meaning in their lives. In maturity, he recalled the literary value of what he saw as a medical student: "I saw how men died. I saw how they bore pain. I saw what hope looked like, fear and relief..." Maugham saw how corrosive to human values suffering was, how bitter and hostile sickness made people, and never forgot it. Here, finally, was "life in the raw" and the chance to observe a range of human emotions.

15 Covers of his books

16 By 1914 Maugham was famous, with 10 plays produced and 10 novels published. Of Human Bondage (1915) initially received adverse criticism both in England and America, with the New York World describing the romantic obsession of the main protagonist Philip Carey as "the sentimental servitude of a poor fool". Influential critic and novelist Theodore Dreiser, however, rescued the novel, referring to it as a work of genius, and comparing it to a Beethoven symphony. This review gave the book the lift it needed and it has since never been out of print.

17 Although Maugham's first and many other sexual relationships were with men, he also had sexual relationships with a number of women. Specifically his affair with Syrie Wellcome, daughter of orphanage founder Thomas John Barnardo and wife of American-born English pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome, produced a daughter named Liza (born Mary Elizabeth Wellcome, 1915–1998). Henry Wellcome then sued his wife for divorce, naming Maugham as co-respondent. In May 1917, following the decree absolute, Syrie and Maugham were married. Syrie became a noted interior decorator who popularized the all-white room in the 1920s. Maugham returned to England from his ambulance unit duties to promote Of Human Bondage but once that was finalised, he became eager to assist the war effort once more. As he was unable to return to his ambulance unit, Syrie arranged for him to be introduced to a high ranking intelligence officer known only as "R", and in September 1915 he began work in Switzerland, secretly gathering and passing on intelligence while posing as himself that is, as a writer.

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19 Maugham, by now in his sixties, spent most of World War II in the United States, first in Hollywood (he worked on many scripts, and was one of the first authors to make significant money from film adaptations) and later in the South. While in the US he was asked by the British government to make patriotic speeches to induce the US to aid Britain, if not necessarily become an allied combatant. Gerald Haxton died in 1944, and Maugham moved back to England, then in 1946 to his villa in France, where he lived, interrupted by frequent and long travels, until his death. In 1962 he sold a collection of paintings, some of which had been assigned to his daughter Liza by deed. She sued her father and won a judgment of £230,000. Maugham responded by publicly disowning her and claiming she was not his biological daughter; adopting Searle as his son and heir; and launching a bitter attack on the deceased Syrie in his 1962 volume of memoirs, Looking Back, in which Liza discovered she had been born before her parents' marriage. The memoirs lost him several friends and exposed him to much public ridicule. Liza and her husband Lord Glendevon contested the change in Maugham's will in the French courts, and it was overturned. Nevertheless, in 1965 Searle inherited £50,000, the contents of Villa Mauresque, and his manuscripts and copyrights for 30 years. Thereafter the copyrights passed to the Royal Literary Fund.

20 Commercial success with high book sales, successful theatre productions and a string of film adaptations, backed by astute stock market investments, allowed Maugham to live a very comfortable life. Small and weak as a boy, Maugham had been proud even then of his stamina, and as an adult he kept churning out the books, proud that he could. Yet, despite his triumphs, he never attracted the highest respect from the critics or his peers. Maugham himself attributed this to his lack of "lyrical quality", his small vocabulary and failure to make expert use of metaphor in his work. Maugham wrote in a time when experimental modernist literature such as that of William Faulkner, Thomas Mann, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf was gaining increasing popularity and winning critical acclaim. In this context, his plain prose style was criticized as "such a tissue of clichés that one's wonder is finally aroused at the writer's ability to assemble so many and at his unfailing inability to put anything in an individual way".

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22 In 1947, Maugham instituted the Somerset Maugham Award, awarded to the best British writer or writers under the age of thirty-five of a work of fiction published in the past year. Notable winners include V. S. Naipaul, Kingsley Amis, Martin Amis and Thom Gunn. On his death, Maugham donated his copyrights to the Royal Literary Fund. One of very few later writers to praise his influence was Anthony Burgess, who included a complex fictional portrait of Maugham in the novel Earthly Powers. George Orwell also stated that Maugham was "the modern writer who has influenced me the most". The American writer Paul Theroux, in his short story collection The Consul's File, updated Maugham's colonial world in an outstation of expatriates in modern Malaysia. Holden Caulfield, in J. D. Salinger's 1951 The Catcher in the Rye, mentions that although he read Of Human Bondage the previous summer and liked it, he wouldn't want to call Maugham up on the phone.

23 The Magician Rain The Letter Of Human Bondage The Painted Veil Ashenden. The Vessel of Wrath The Moon and Sixpence Christmas Holiday Miss Thompson The Razor's Edge The Theatre Up at the Villa

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25 Done by Rodion Teslya

26 is the English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

27 William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, a successful glover and alderman originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford- upon-Avon and baptized on 26 April His unknown birthday is traditionally observed on 23 April, St George's Day. Shakespeare was educated at the King's New School in Stratford, a free school chartered in 1553, about a quarter of a mile from his home. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway. The consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November Six months after the marriage, she gave birth to a daughter, Susanna, who was baptized on 26 May 1583.Twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptized on 2 February Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried on 11 August After the birth of the twins, there are few historical traces of Shakespeare until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in Because of this gap, scholars refer to the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years" Shakespeare's Coat of Arms

28 It is not known exactly when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by He was well enough known in London by then to be attacked in print by the playwright Robert Greene. Greenes attack is the first recorded mention of Shakespeares career in the theatre. Biographers suggest that his career may have begun any time from the mid-1580s to just before Greenes remarks. From 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned by a group of players, including Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing company in London. After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the company was awarded a royal patent by the new king, James I, and changed its name to the King's Men. Shakespeare divided his time between London and Stratford during his career. In 1596, the year before he bought New Place as his family home in Stratford, Shakespeare was living in the parish of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of the River Thames. He moved across the river to Southwark by 1599, the year his company constructed the Globe Theatre there. By 1604, he had moved north of the river again, to an area north of St Paul's Cathedral with many fine houses. There he rented rooms from a French Huguenot called Christopher Mountjoy.

29 William Shakespeares birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon. Shakespeare Globe Theatre, London

30 After 1606–1607, Shakespeare wrote fewer plays, and none are attributed to him after His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Fletcher, who succeeded him as the house playwright for the Kings Men. Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, and was survived by his wife and two daughters. Susanna had married a physician, John Hall, in 1607, and Judith had married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, two months before Shakespeares death. In his will, Shakespeare left the bulk of his large estate to his elder daughter Susanna. Shakespeare was buried in the chancel of the Holy Trinity Church two days after his death. Sometime before 1623, a monument was erected in his memory on the north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the act of writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. A stone slab covering his grave is inscribed with a curse against moving his bones. Shakespeare's funerary monument. Good frend for Iesvs sake forbeare, To digg the dvst encloased heare. Blest be ye man yt spares thes stones, And cvrst be he yt moves my bones. Inscription on Shakespeares grave

31 Scholars have often noted four periods in Shakespeare's writing career. Until the mid-1590s, he wrote mainly comedies influenced by Roman and Italian models and history plays in the popular chronicle tradition. His second period began in about 1595 with the tragedy Romeo and Juliet and ended with the tragedy of Julius Caesar in During this time, he wrote what are considered his greatest comedies and histories. From about 1600 to about 1608, his "tragic period", Shakespeare wrote mostly tragedies, and from about 1608 to 1613, mainly tragicomedies, also called romances. The first recorded works of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three parts of Henry VI, written in the early 1590s during a vogue for historical drama. Shakespeare's early classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, gave way in the mid-1590s to the romantic atmosphere of his greatest comedies.

32 In 1593 and 1594, when the theatres were closed because of plague, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on erotic themes, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. Influenced by Ovid's Metamorphoses, the poems show the guilt and moral confusion that result from uncontrolled lust. Published in 1609, the Sonnets were the last of Shakespeare's non-dramatic works to be printed. Scholars are not certain when each of the 154 sonnets was composed, but evidence suggests that Shakespeare wrote sonnets throughout his career for a private readership.

33 First Folio Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories. & Tragedies is the first published collection of William Shakespeare's plays. Modern scholars commonly refer to it as the First Folio. Printed in folio format and containing 36 plays, it was prepared by Shakespeare's colleagues John Heminges and Henry Condell in 1623, about seven years after Shakespeare's death. Although eighteen of Shakespeare's plays had been published in quarto prior to 1623, the First Folio is the only reliable text for about twenty of the plays, and a valuable source text even for many of those previously published. The Folio includes all of the plays generally accepted to be Shakespeare's, with the exception of Pericles, Prince of Tyre and The Two Noble Kinsmen, and the two "lost plays," Cardenio and Love's Labour's Won. It also omits his poems. Title page of the First Folio Table of Contents from the First Folio

34 Shakespeare's first plays were written in the conventional style of the day. He wrote them in a stylised language that does not always spring naturally from the needs of the characters or the drama. The poetry depends on extended, sometimes elaborate metaphors and conceits, and the language is often rhetoricalwritten for actors to declaim rather than speak. Soon, however, Shakespeare began to adapt the traditional style to his own purposes. By the time of Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, and A Midsummer Night's Dream in the mid-1590s, Shakespeare had begun to write a more natural poetry. He increasingly tuned his metaphors and images to the needs of the drama itself.

35 All's Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Love's Labour's Lost Measure for Measure The Merchant of Venice The Merry Wives of Windsor A Midsummer Night's Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles, Prince of Tyre The Taming of the Shrew The Tempest Twelfth Night, or What You Will The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Two Noble Kinsmen The Winter's Tale

36 King John Richard II Henry IV, part 1 Henry IV, part 2 Henry V Henry VI, part 1 Henry VI, part 2 Henry VI, part 3 Richard III Henry VIII

37 Romeo and Juliet Coriolanus Titus Andronicus Timon of Athens Julius Caesar Macbeth Hamlet Troilus and Cressida King Lear Othello Antony and Cleopatra Cymbeline

38 Arden of Faversham The Birth of Merlin Locrine The London Prodigal The Puritan The Second Maiden's Tragedy Sir John Oldcastle Thomas Lord Cromwell A Yorkshire Tragedy Edward III Sir Thomas More

39 Shakespeare's Sonnets Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece The Passionate Pilgrim[k] The Phoenix and the Turtle A Lover's Complaint

40 Shakespeare's work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterisation, plot, language, and genre. Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens. In Shakespeare's day, English grammar and spelling were less standardized than they are now, and his use of language helped shape modern English. Expressions such as "with bated breath" (Merchant of Venice) and "a foregone conclusion" (Othello) have found their way into everyday English speech.

41 ( ) It includes: The Restoration Age ( ) The Augustan Age ( The Age of Johnson ( ) Done by Rodion Teslya

42 new John Dryden Alexander Pope Samuel Johnson The term Neoclassicism (derived from neo, Greek for new, or revived, and classicism, referring to the work of Greek and Latin authors) summarizes an aesthetic that draws on ancient models for its guide and inspiration. In English literature it is a term particularly used to describe the writings of the later-seventeenth to the late eighteenth centuries, a period that includes the major achievements of John Dryden ( ) at one end, of Alexander Pope ( ) in the middle and of Samuel Johnson ( ) at the other.

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44 Charles II 1660 Edmund Waller and Sir John Denham ( or Sir William Davenant and Abraham Cowley The restoration of Charles II to the throne of England in 1660 brought with it a new era in English culture. Royalist writers, such as Edmund Waller ( ) and Sir John Denham ( ), or Sir William Davenant ( ) and Abraham Cowley ( ), returned to England from France, bringing with them currently popular literary trends and fashions based on the teaching of the ancients. improve our taste and advance our language They felt that a new direction in historical affairs should be marked by a reformation of Englands language and literature. They thought the best way toimprove our taste and advance our language, as Dr Johnson puts it in his Life of Denham, was to return to first principles, to the tried-and-tested models of excellence, the writings of Greece and Rome. Accordingly there was a new emphasis on translation and imitation of the ancients. CharlesII Charles II

45 Sir William Davenant, operator of the first playhouse opened after the Restoration, was also a playwright and an epic poet. Aphra Behn, the first professional female novelist.

46 John Dryden John Dryden (19 August 1631 – 12 May 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright, who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Drydens best plays include Marriage a la Mode, All for Love, An essay of Dramatic Poesy.

47 Poetry The Restoration was an age of poetry. Not only was poetry the most popular form of literature, but it was also the most significant form of literature, as poems affected political events and immediately reflected the times. It was, to its own people, an age dominated only by the king, and not by any single genius. Throughout the period, the lyric, ariel, historical, and epic poem was being developed.

48 Lyric poetry, pastoral poetry, ariel verse, and odes Lyric poetry, in which the poet speaks of his or her own feelings in the first person and expresses a mood, was not especially common in the Restoration period. Poets expressed their points of view in other forms, usually public or formally disguised poetic forms such as odes, pastoral poetry, and ariel verse.

49 Prose genres Prose in the Restoration period is dominated by Christian religious writing, but the Restoration also saw the beginnings of two genres that would dominate later periods: fiction and journalism. Religious writing often strayed into political and economic writing, just as political and economic writing implied or directly addressed religion.

50 Restoration drama During the Neoclassic period the theatres were reopened and an important period in English drama began. Two types of plays rapidly dominated Restoration stages: The comedy of manners The comedy of manners The comedy of manners satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters such as the fop and the rake or an old person pretending to be young. The heroic tragedy The heroic tragedy The heroic tragedy had a complicated plot that deals with the conflict between love and honor.

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52 Augustan literature is a style of English literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century, ending in the 1750s with the deaths of Pope and Swift (1744 and 1745, respectively). novelsatire melodrama empiricism mercantilism as a formal philosophy. It is a literary epoch that featured the rapid development of the novel, an explosion in satire, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama, and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration. In philosophy, it was an age increasingly dominated by empiricism, while in the writings of political-economy it marked the evolution of mercantilism as a formal philosophy.

53 Prose the English novel The essay, satire, and dialogue (in philosophy and religion) thrived in the age, and the English novel was truly begun as a serious art form. Literacy in the early 18th century passed into the working classes, as well as the middle and upper classes (Thompson, Class). Furthermore, literacy was not confined to men, though rates of female literacy are very difficult to establish. For those who were literate, circulating libraries in England began in the Augustan period. Libraries were open to all, but they were mainly associated with female patronage and novel reading.

54 The novel The ground for the novel had been laid by journalism, drama and satire. Long prose satires like Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) had a central character who goes through adventures and may (or may not) learn lessons. However, the most important single satirical source for the writing of novels came from Cervantes's Don Quixote (1605, 1615). In general, one can see these three axes, drama, journalism, and satire, as blending in and giving rise to three different types of novel.

55 Henry Fielding (April 22, 1707 – October 8, 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich earthy humour and satirical prowess, and as the author of the novel Tom Jones. Tobias George Smollett (bapt. 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish author, best known for his picaresque novels, such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748) and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1753).

56 Alexander P PP Pope Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. He is the third most frequently quoted writer in the English language, after Shakespeare and Tennyson. Pope was a master of the heroic couplet. Title page and frontispiece by George Vertue of Pope's Miscellany of Poems, the 1726 Fifth Edition.

57 Joseph Addison Joseph Addison (May 1, 1672 – June 17, 1719) was an English essayist and poet. He was a man of letters, eldest son of Lancelot Addison, and later the dean of Lichfield. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend, Richard Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine.

58 Richard Steele Sir Richard Steele (bap. 12 March 1672 – 1 September 1729) was an Irish writer and politician, remembered as co- founder, with his friend Joseph Addison, of the magazine The Spectator.

59 The Spectator The Spectator was a daily publication of 1711–12, founded by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in England after they met at Charterhouse School. Each 'paper', or 'number', was approximately 2,500 words long, and the original run consisted of 555 numbers.

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61 The period in English literature between 1750 and 1798, named after the most prominent literary figure of the age, Samuel Johnson. Works written during this time are noted for their emphasis on "sensibility," or emotional quality. These works formed a transition between the rational works of the Age of Reason, or Neoclassical period, and the emphasis on individual feelings and responses of the Romantic period. Significant writers during the Age of Johnson included the novelists Ann Radcliffe and Henry Mackenzie, dramatists Richard Sheridan and Oliver Goldsmith, and poets William Collins and Thomas Gray. This age is also known as Age of Sensibility.

62 Thomas Gray (December 26, 1716 – July 30, 1771), was an English poet, classical scholar and professor at Cambridge University. William Collins (25 December 1721 – 12 June 1759) was an English poet. Second in influence only to Thomas Gray, he was an important poet of the middle decades of the 18th century. His lyrical odes mark a turn away from the Augustan poetry of Alexander Pope's generation and towards the romantic era which would soon follow.

63 Henry Mackenzie (August, January 14, 1831) was a Scottish novelist and miscellaneous writer. He was also known by the sobriquet "Addison of the North." Ann Radcliffe (July 9, 1764–February 7, 1823) was an English author, a pioneer of the gothic novel. It was her technique of the explained supernatural, in which every seemingly supernatural intrusion is eventually traced back to natural causes, and the impeccable conduct of her heroines that finally met with the approval of the reviewers, transforming the gothic novel into something socially acceptable.

64 Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September 1709– 13 December 1784) was an English author. Beginning as a Grub Street journalist, he made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and political conservative, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". He is also the subject of "the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature": James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson. Johnson was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, and attended Pembroke College, Oxford for a year, before his lack of funds forced him to leave. After working as a teacher he moved to London, where he began to write essays for The Gentleman's Magazine. His early works include the biography The Life of Richard Savage, the poems London and The Vanity of Human Wishes, and the play Irene.

65 John Milton was an English poet, prose polemicist and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. Best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. Born9 December 1608 Bread Street, Cheapside, London, England Died8 November 1674 (aged 65) Bunhill, London, England Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. It was originally published in 1667 in ten books; a second edition followed in 1674, redivided into twelve books with minor revisions throughout and a note on the versification. The poem concerns the Judeo-Christian story of the Fall of Man; the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men and elucidate the conflict between God's eternal foresight and free will.

66 Daniel Defoe ( ), born Daniel Foe, was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest practitioners of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain, and is even referred to by some as one of the founders of the English novel. A prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than five hundred books, pamphlets, and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural). He was also a pioneer of economic journalism.

67 Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1719 and sometimes regarded as the first novel. The book is a fictional autobiography of the title character, an English castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Venezuela, encountering Native Americans, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. This device, presenting an account of supposedly factual events, is known as a "false document" and gives a realistic frame story.

68 Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift ( ) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. He is remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, and A Tale of a Tub. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Horatian and Juvenalian styles Swift originally published all of his works under pseudonyms such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier or anonymously. He is also known for being a master of two styles of satire; the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.

69 Gulliver's Travels (1726, amended 1735), officially Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships, is a novel by Jonathan Swift that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. The Map of the Lilliput The book became tremendously popular as soon as it was published. (John Gay said in a 1726 letter to Swift that "it is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery" ); since then, it has never been out of print.

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71 Im successful… Maybe Ive got good results during my schooling. First of all, I am an excellent student. Ive got first places in English contests of different levels.

72 Im successful… Maybe Also I took part in Essay Contest run by Donetsk Trade Chamber and got the first place. The topic of that contest was My Native Town Artemivsk.