Presentation prepared: Ekaterina Zaychenko Group 175 Malaria. - презентация

1 Presentation prepared: Ekaterina Zaychenko Group 175 Malaria

2 Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death.mosquito-borne infectious diseaseparasiticprotozoansmicroorganismsPlasmodiumtypesymptomsfeverfatiguevomitingheadachesyellow skinseizurescomadeath

3 Types of malaria Symptomatology, course and prognosis of the disease from various forms of plasmodia, which is the causative agent of this form of the disease. The causative agent of tropical malaria is Plasmodium falciparum. Causes the most dangerous form, often occurring with complications and having a high mortality. The same form is most widespread (91% of all cases of malaria in 2006). The causative agent of the four-day malaria is Plasmodium malaria. Seizures occur usually after 72 hours. The causative agents of the three-day malaria and the oval- malaria, similar to it, are respectively Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. Attacks occur every hours.

4 Main symptoms of Malaria

5 The life cycle of malaria parasites. A mosquito causes an infection by a bite. First, sporozoites enter the bloodstream, and migrate to the liver. They infect liver cells, where they multiply into merozoites, rupture the liver cells, and return to the bloodstream. The merozoites infect red blood cells, where they develop into ring forms, trophozoites and schizonts that in turn produce further merozoites. Sexual forms are also produced, which, if taken up by a mosquito, will infect the insect and continue the life cycle.liver cellsSexual forms

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7 Methods used to prevent malaria include medications, mosquito elimination and the prevention of bites. There is no vaccine for malaria. The presence of malaria in an area requires a combination of high human population density, high anopheles mosquito population density and high rates of transmission from humans to mosquitoes and from mosquitoes to humans. If any of these is lowered sufficiently, the parasite will eventually disappear from that area, as happened in North America, Europe and parts of the Middle East. However, unless the parasite is eliminated from the whole world, it could become re-established if conditions revert to a combination that favors the parasite's reproduction. Furthermore, the cost per person of eliminating anopheles mosquitoes rises with decreasing population density, making it economically unfeasible in some areasvaccine for malaria

8 Prevention