Ministry of Healthy and Social Development Republic of Kazakhstan South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Foreign Languages Department SIW The theme: - презентация

1 Ministry of Healthy and Social Development Republic of Kazakhstan South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy, Foreign Languages Department SIW The theme: HIV and AIDS Written by: Omarova A. Group: 104 B GM Senior teacher: Ybyray F.T Shymkent 2017

2 Pla Plan: Introduction Main part What is HIV? What is AIDS? Aids and its prevention Stages of development of the disease Conclusion References

3 Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Following initial infection, a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms. As the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of common infections like tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that rarely affect people who have working immune systems. These late symptoms of infection are referred to as AIDS. This stage is often also associated with weight loss.

4 What is HIV? HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is our bodys natural defence against illness. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell, and makes copies of itself inside these cells. T-helper cells are also referred to as CD4 cells. As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself, it gradually breaks down a persons immune system. This means someone living with HIV, who is not receiving treatment, will find it harder and harder to fight off infections and diseases. If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so severely damaged it can no longer defend itself at all. However, the speed HIV progresses will vary depending on age, health and background.

5 Basic facts about HIV HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. There is effective antiretroviral treatment available so people with HIV can live a normal, healthy life. The earlier HIV is diagnosed, the sooner treatment can start – leading to better long term health. HIV is found in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breast milk. HIV cannot be transmitted through sweat, saliva or urine. Using male condoms or female condoms during sex is the best way to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. If you inject drugs, always use a clean needle and syringe, and never share equipment. If you are pregnant and living with HIV, the virus in your blood could pass into your babys body, or after giving birth through breastfeeding. Taking HIV treatment virtually eliminates this risk.

6 AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection, when the body's defense system is destroyed. Diseases that a person overcomes in normal life (eg, flu or pneumonia) can become fatal for people who have AIDS. AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection, when the body's defense system is destroyed. Diseases that a person overcomes in normal life (eg, flu or pneumonia) can become fatal for people who have AIDS.

7 What is AIDS? AIDS is not a virus but a set of symptoms (or syndrome) caused by the HIV virus. A person is said to have AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infection, and they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses. This is the last stage of HIV, when the infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to death. AIDS is not a virus but a set of symptoms (or syndrome) caused by the HIV virus. A person is said to have AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infection, and they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses. This is the last stage of HIV, when the infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to death.

8 Basic facts about AIDS AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AIDS is also referred to as advanced HIV infection or late- stage HIV. AIDS is a set of symptoms and illnesses that develop as a result of advanced HIV infection which has destroyed the immune system. Treatment for HIV means that more people are staying well, with fewer people developing AIDS. Although there is currently no cure for HIV with the right treatment and support, people with HIV can live long and healthy lives. To do this, it is especially important to take treatment correctly and deal with any possible side-effects.

9 The causative agent of HIV infection HIV primarily affects the cells of the immune system, as well as some other types of cells.

10 Theories of the origin of HIV As for the origin of human immunodeficiency viruses, a lot of data are presented in the literature, sometimes contradictory and not always complete. Disputes continue. As the material accumulated, hypotheses arose about the origin of HIV.

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12 AIDS AND ITS PREVENTION History of AIDS: The Motherland of AIDS - Central Africa. The Motherland of AIDS - Central Africa. Carriers are local monkeys, then US servicemen who have transferred AIDS to America. Carriers are local monkeys, then US servicemen who have transferred AIDS to America. 80th years of the last century - wide distribution of "Plague of XX century. 80th years of the last century - wide distribution of "Plague of XX century. A few years later, the disease hit the countries of Western Europe. A few years later, the disease hit the countries of Western Europe. The first descriptions of the disease - USA, The first descriptions of the disease - USA, about 12 million people infected with HIV, about 2 million of them became infected with AIDS about 12 million people infected with HIV, about 2 million of them became infected with AIDS.

13 Ways of HIV transmission 1. Sexual way - any kinds of unprotected sex. 2. When the infected blood is transfused from the donor to the recipient. 3. During childbirth from mother to child, during pregnancy through the placenta. 4. When breastfeeding (if the mother is HIV-positive). 5. Drug addicts - when using one syringe to inject a drug.

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15 The HIV virus is found in the following body fluids: Sperm Blood Lymph Aromatic fluid Breast milk Vaginal secretion

16 Stages of development of the disease 1. The incubation period (the period of seroconversion - before the appearance of detectable antibodies to HIV) - from 3 weeks to 3 months (according to other data - from 2 weeks to 1 year). 2. The prodromal period is the stage of primary infection, up to 1 month. Clinical manifestations: subfebrile temperature, urticaria, stomatitis, inflammation of the lymph nodes - they become enlarged, soft and painful (under the mask of infectious mononucleosis). The maximum concentration of the virus, antibodies appears only at the very end of the prodromal period. 3. The latent period is 5-10 years, the only manifestation is persistent enlargement of lymph nodes (dense, painless) - lymphadenopathy. 4. PRASID - duration 1-2 years - the beginning of oppression of cellular immunity. Often recurrent herpes - long-healing ulceration of the oral mucosa, genital organs, stomatitis. Leukoplakia of the tongue (growth of papillary layer - "fibrous tongue"). Candidiasis - the oral mucosa, genital organs. 5. Terminal stage - AIDS years.

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18 What is the window period? The window period is the time from the moment the virus enters the body to the appearance of antibodies to HIV. This period lasts from 3 weeks to 3 months. At this time, the tests do not record the disease, but a person can already infect others without knowing it. The window period is the time from the moment the virus enters the body to the appearance of antibodies to HIV. This period lasts from 3 weeks to 3 months. At this time, the tests do not record the disease, but a person can already infect others without knowing it.

19 The HIV virus is not transmitted: Bites of mosquitoes and other insects, Bites of mosquitoes and other insects, air, air, Handshake (in the absence of open skin lesions), Handshake (in the absence of open skin lesions), A kiss (any, but in the absence of bleeding lesions and cracks on the lips and in the mouth), A kiss (any, but in the absence of bleeding lesions and cracks on the lips and in the mouth), Dishes, Dishes, Clothes, Clothes, Use of bathroom, toilet, swimming pool, etc. Use of bathroom, toilet, swimming pool, etc.

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21 AIDS AND ITS PREVENTION Kill the virus by heating the circulatory system to + 56 ° C for 50 minutes. Since this procedure can not be sustained by any person, we can say that it is impossible to cure this disease. By the way, to identify the disease is also very difficult. It may not manifest itself for a long time, and it can be detected only in a laboratory using a special method.

22 Prevention of AIDS - is the only way to fight it! Prevention of AIDS - is the only way to fight it! ¯ The main areas of prevention: Educating the population about correct sexual behavior Educating the population about correct sexual behavior Limitation of sexual partners Limitation of sexual partners Condom use Condom use Compliance with personal hygiene Compliance with personal hygiene Ensuring the rules for handling syringes Ensuring the rules for handling syringes Sterilization of medical instruments and blood transfusion systems Sterilization of medical instruments and blood transfusion systems Use of disposable tools. Use of disposable tools.

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24 AIDS develops faster in those whose health is initially weak. Also negatively affect smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, poor nutrition, stress. AIDS develops faster in those whose health is initially weak. Also negatively affect smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, poor nutrition, stress.

25 HIV prevalence among adults by country in 2007 More than 20% 15-20% 10 to 15% % 2 to 5% 12 % % % 0.1 to 0.5% 0.1 to 0.5% Less than 0.5% Less than 0.5% Less than 0,1% Less than 0,1% No data No data

26 Red ribbon - a symbol of the fight against AIDS, no action in this area is not without it now.

27 The main provisions of Art. 122 of the Criminal Code: Knowingly placing another person at risk of contracting HIV is punishable by restriction of freedom for up to three years, or by arrest for a period of three to six months, or by imprisonment for up to one year. Knowingly placing another person at risk of contracting HIV is punishable by restriction of freedom for up to three years, or by arrest for a period of three to six months, or by imprisonment for up to one year. Infection of another person with HIV infection by a person who knew about his having this disease is punishable by imprisonment for up to five years. Infection of another person with HIV infection by a person who knew about his having this disease is punishable by imprisonment for up to five years.

28 Conclusion Vaccines that protect against human immunodeficiency virus do not exist! The only protection against infection is the use of a condom for any sexual contact. Another method of prevention is to limit the number of sexual partners, as well as educate young people and the population about correct sexual behavior. And, of course, a healthy lifestyle. Without it, nowhere...

29 YOUR TOMORROW DAY DEPENDS ON YOU. LIVE HEALTHY!

30 References Philip Kerr. Straightforward. Pre – Intermediate Student`s book, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006 Philip Kerr. Straightforward. Pre – Intermediate Student`s book, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006 Klein, Ernest, A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language, Vol II, Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, 1969, p.1317 Klein, Ernest, A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language, Vol II, Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, 1969, p.1317 Saeed, John, Semantics, Blackwell, p. 12 Saeed, John, Semantics, Blackwell, p. 12 Belenkova S.A. Human body. Shymkent, 2010 Belenkova S.A. Human body. Shymkent, 2010 Free online encyclopedia – Wikipedia( Free online encyclopedia – Wikipedia(