The modal verb must. It is used in present-time contexts with reference to the present or future and in combination with the Perfect infinitive it refers. - презентация

1 The modal verb must

2 It is used in present-time contexts with reference to the present or future and in combination with the Perfect infinitive it refers to the past (only in R.S.).

3 The meanings of the verb 1.Obligation 2.Prohibition 3.Emphatic advice 4.Supposition implying strong probability

4 Obligation You must talk to your daughter about her future. Shades of duty or necessity Is found in. ? Followed by simple infinitive

5 Must is used when the speaker decides what is necessary to do I must buy some new clothes (I say so. I decide what to do.) Must is stronger than have to and indicates urgency or importance I must meet Jane tonight (it`s urgent)

6 Must Present context Future context Past time context in R.S. All applicants must fill in this form. Must he do it himself? She said she must invite her friend to dinner.

7 Meanings: 1.Obligation 2.Necessity with no freedom of choice 3.Necessity from the speaker`s point of view I suppose one must be serious sometimes. I must get more exercise. Must you really go so soon?

8 Other ways of expressing To be obliged to It`s necessary for somebody to do something

9 Prohibition He must not leave his room for a while. Is found in - Followed by simple infinitive

10 Emphatic advice You must come and see us when you're in London. Is found in -. Followed by simple infinitive

11 Supposition implying strong probability He must be ill. He looks so pale. Вероятно, должно быть Is found in. Followed by simple infinitive, the Continuous infinitive

12 The book is not on the shelf. Jane must be reading it. (Reference is made to the present, the Continuous infinitive is used with dynamic verbs. ) Jane must read the book. (Must is followed by the simple infinitive of dynamic verbs, it expresses obligation.) He must be over fifty. (With stative verbs the simple infinitive is used to express supposition.)

13 Must + the Perfect infinitive = refers the action to the past. It is six o'clock. She must have come home.

14 Must + the Perfect Continuous infinitive = indicates an action begun in the past and continued into the moment of speaking. It must have been raining all the night. There are big puddles in the garden. if must is followed by a stative verb, the Perfect infinitive is used.

15 Set phrases Must needs (obligation) He must needs go there. (Он непременно должен пойти туда.) must be going / must be off both mean it is time for me to go (Мне пора уходить). must tell you that... / must say... In the sentences: You must come and see me some time. You must come and have dinner with me. You must come to our party. You must come and stay with us for the weekend (common way of expressing invitations.)

16 Translate the sentences using must 1.Должно быть, Грег даже не слышал об этом. 2.Вероятно, этот дом построен давно. 3.По-видимому, ученики сейчас сдают тест. 4.Не обижайся, Льюис сказал это случайно. 5.Вероятно, Молли дала мне неверный адрес. 6.Девочки, по-видимому, забыли полить огород, и мама была недовольна. 7.Тетя Поли, вероятно, ждет нас на станции.

17 Comment on the meaning of the verb must. Translate the sentences into Russian. 1.I suppose one must be serious sometimes. 2.It must be seven. 3.Pete, you are horrible! You mustnt say these dreadful things. 4.Nothing must be done in a hurry. 5.You and I are friends, Nick, and we must always remain so. 6.Ive always thought he must be quite clever in his way. 7.I must be getting sentimental. 8.I am afraid I must be going, he murmured. 9.You mustnt say that, you mustnt think that. 10.He looked sixty, but I knew he must be much less than that.

18 Choose the correct form of the infinitive 1.Sallys Norwegian is very good, she _________ (study) very hard when she was in Norway. 2.Samuel____________ (take) a bath at that moment. 3.Irene ________ (be) at home now. 4.Lukas ________ (play) the violin now. 5.The stranger ___________ (understand) me, as he nodded his head. 6.We ____________ (meet) somewhere before. 7.Alex saw an old man sleeping soundly on the bench. A shower was falling, he_______ (to get) wet to the skin. 8.Meredith _______ (be) ill or she would have come. 9.Lila turned pale. She_________ (get) frightened.