SIW THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF THE INTERACTION OF SOUND AND BIOLOGICAL TISSUE PERFORMED BY: CHECKED BY: - презентация

1 SIW THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF THE INTERACTION OF SOUND AND BIOLOGICAL TISSUE PERFORMED BY: CHECKED BY:

2 PLAN WHAT IS SOUND? PHYSICAL SOUND CHARACTERISTICS ULTRASOUND ULTRASOUND CAUSES IN BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS BIOMEDICAL ULTRASOUND APPLICATIONS DIAGNOSTIC AND RESEARCH METHODS ECHOSCOPY IMPACT METHODS – PHYSIOTHERAPY CONCLUSION LITERATURE

3 Sound - elastic waves, longitudinally propagating in the medium and creating mechanical vibrations in it. A person perceives waves with frequencies from 16 to Hz. Elastic waves whose frequency is less than 16 Hz are called infrasound, and waves whose frequency is above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasounds.

4 PHYSICAL SOUND CHARACTERISTICS DISPLACEMENT AMPLITUDE (MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT OF OSCILLATING PARTICLES OF THE MEDIUM FROM THE EQUILIBRIUM POSITION) OSCILLATORY SPEED (WITH WHICH ENV. PARTICLES OSCILLATE AROUND THE MIDDLE POSITION) M/S V = AW А - PERIODIC SOUND WAVE W - ANGULAR FREQUENCY

5 PHYSICAL SOUND CHARACTERISTICS ACOUSTIC RESISTANCE (RATIO OF SOUND DENSITY TO VOLUME SPEED OF ULTRASONIC WAVES) (PА·S/М) SOUND OR ACOUSTIC PRESSURE (VARIABLE PRESSURE IN THE MEDIUM DUE TO ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS) PA p – density c - propagation speed V – volume speed P = 2П*f*pcA

6 ULTRASOUND - LONGITUDINAL WAVES WITH A FREQUENCY EXCEEDING HZ (20 KHZ). SPECIAL DEVICES ARE USED TO GENERATE ULTRASOUND, CALLED ULTRASOUND EMITTERS.

7 ULTRASOUND EMITTERS. THE MOST WIDESPREAD ELECTROMECHANICAL EMITTERS (BASED ON THE PHENOMENON OF THE INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT). IN THIS CASE, UNDER THE ACTION OF A MECHANICAL WAVE, A DEFORMATION OF THE CRYSTAL OCCURS, WHICH LEADS TO THE GENERATION OF AN ALTERNATING ELECTRIC FIELD.

8 ULTRASOUND CAUSES IN BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS: MICROVIBRATIONS AT THE CELLULAR AND SUBCELLULAR LEVEL; DESTRUCTION OF BIOMACROMOLECULES; RESTRUCTURING AND DESTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES, CHANGES IN MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; THERMAL EFFECT; THE DESTRUCTION OF CELLS AND MICROORGANISMS

9 BIOMEDICAL ULTRASOUND APPLICATIONS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IMPACT AND RESEARCH METHODS USED BY ULTRASOUND FREQUENCY 0, MHZ; 800 KHZ ALLOW TO CARRY OUT USED FOR THERAPEUTIC VISUALIZATION OF INTERNAL PURPOSES (MECHANICAL AND BODY STRUCTURES, EXPLORE THERMAL EFFECTS ON TISSUE) THE MOVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS INSIDE THE BODY

10 DIAGNOSTIC AND RESEARCH METHODS ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY (DEFINITION OF TUMORS AND SWELLING OF THE BRAIN); ULTRASONIC LOCATION (FOR THE DETERMINATION OF OCULAR MEDIA) ULTRASOUND CARDIOGRAPHY (MEASURING THE SIZE OF THE HEART OVER TIME);

11 TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOSCOPY Real-time B-Scanning

12 Doppler spectrograms Doppler echoscopy Doppler 3-D imaging

13 IMPACT METHODS - PHYSIOTHERAPY ULTRASOUND IS USED AS AN ULTRASONIC SCALPEL CAPABLE OF DISSECTING BOTH SOFT AND BONE TISSUES. IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS, ASTHMA, AEROSOLS OF VARIOUS MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES ARE USED, OBTAINED BY ULTRASOUND. DEVELOPED A METHOD OF "WELDING" BONE TISSUE BASED ON ULTRASOUND

14 CONCLUSION PEOPLE LIVE IN A WORLD OF SOUNDS. SOUND FOR HUMANS IS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION. THE HUMAN EAR IS ABLE TO PERCEIVE VIBRATIONS WITH FREQUENCY FROM 16 TO HZ ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY BEGAN TO DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR. IT WAS THEN THAT THE FIRST ULTRASOUND EMITTER WAS CREATED. IN RECENT YEARS, IT HAS BEGUN TO PLAY A MORE IMPORTANT ROLE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, MEDICINE, AND BIOLOGY.

15 LITERATURE