Functional and Metabolic Foundation if Marine Hydrobionts Biodiversity G. E. Shulman. - презентация

1 Functional and Metabolic Foundation if Marine Hydrobionts Biodiversity G. E. Shulman

2 Competition for cardinal environmental factors (food and oxygen)

3 Strategies: High inter- and intra- species differentiation High biomass and productivity Occupation of narrow ecological niches Development of enormous areas SpecializationExpansion III

4 Потребление кислорода у рыб Уровень потребления кислорода (мл · г –1 сыр.массы · ч –1 ) у рыб Черного моря (Белокопытин, 1993) и Тропической Атлантики (Липская, 1974)

5 Уровень потребления кислорода у моллюсков и ракообразных (мл · г –1 · ч –1 ) Потребление кислорода у моллюсков

6 Hb concentration of Pelagic, Deeper and Bottom fishes (Tochilina, 1990) Mackerel Horse-mackerel Sprat Herring Anchovy Pickarel Red mullet Blenny Sea bass Whiting Turbot S. porous Goby Hb, g% Pelagic active fishes Demersal fishes average activity Bentic fishes low activity

7 Red muscles White muscles White muscles Lipid characteristics (triacylglycerols, mg g -1 ) in good and bad swimmers of horse-mackerel (Shulman et al., 1978)

8 Активность и C 22: Pleuronectidae Anoplopomatidae Scorpaenidae Congridae, Cyprinidae Sciaenidae Pomatomidae Nototheniidae, Engraulidae Thunidae Exocoetidae Scomberresocidae Carangidae S L O W M O D E R A T E F A S T L O C O M O T I O N M O B I L I T Y D H A, % Scombridae Clupeidae, Salmonidae RELATION OF LOCOMOTION ACTIVITY AND C 22:6 3 CONTENT IN FISH

9 Содержание докозогексаеновой кислоты (% от общего содержания жирных кислот) в фосфолипидах Виды С 22:6w3, % МОЛЛЮСКИ КальмарыSthenoteuthis pteropus44.0 Illex illecebrosus40.7 КаракатицыHeteroteuthis dispar32.0 ОсьминогиEledonela pygmaea22.8 ГребешкиPecten maximus8.4 МидииMytilus edulis3.2 УстрицыOstera edulis2.3 РАКООБРАЗНЫЕ КопеподыCalanus euxinus39.8 ЭуфаузиидыStylocheiron abbreviatum29.2 РЫБЫ ХамсаEngraulis encrasicolus34.6 СтавридаTrachurus meditarraneus ponticus40.0

10 ANNUAL PATTERN OF INTENSITY AND EFFICIENCY OF FOOD CONSUMPTION IN FISH (% per body weight) SPECIES AVERAGE ANNUAL RATIONS K2K2K2K2 Anchovy Anchovy Sprat Sprat Horse mackerel Horse mackerel Red mullet Red mullet Pickerel Pickerel Whiting Whiting

11 RELATION BETWEEN QUANTITY OF ERITROCYTES AND LYMPHOCYTES IN DIFFERENT SPECIES OF BLACK SEA FISHES LYMPHOCYTE NUMBERS (10 9 ) / mm 3 ERYTROCYTE NUMBERS (10 12 ) / mm 3

12 Production (calories) in different races of European anchovy: solid line, total calories; dotted line, protein calories; broken line, lipid calories (After Shulman and Urdenko, 1989)

13 Alternative Metabolic Strategies Active Energy metabolism Transport blood system Energy stores Food consumption Metabolic efficiency Passive Metabolic specialization

14 Характер функционального разнообразия – временной (онтогенез, межгодовые изменения, годовые циклы, суточные ритмы) 2 – пространственный 1 – эволюционно-филогенетический (крупные и мелкие таксоны)

15 Three forms of horse-mackerel Trachurus mediterranean: large (genotype AC), Tr. med. Mediterranean (AA), and Tr. med. ponticus (CC) (Dobrovolov, 1983). Henotype ACACACAC AA CC 18 cm 29 cm 40.2 cm

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