KARAGANDA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department: Epidemiology and communal hygiene Topic: Rating of conditions radiactive and chemical actions in extreme. - презентация

1 KARAGANDA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department: Epidemiology and communal hygiene Topic: Rating of conditions radiactive and chemical actions in extreme situations. Topic: Rating of conditions radiactive and chemical actions in extreme situations. Specialty General Medicine 5В Specialty General Medicine 5В Course _I_ Course _I_ Duration ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 1 hours Duration ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 1 hours Karaganda 2011 y.

2 Karaganda state medical university Topic: Rating of conditions radiactive and chemical actions in extreme situations Topic: Rating of conditions radiactive and chemical actions in extreme situations

3 Purpose: familiarize students with the peculiarity of accidents and disasters on radiation and chemically objects and be able to assess the radiological and chemical environment in disaster areas. familiarize students with the peculiarity of accidents and disasters on radiation and chemically objects and be able to assess the radiological and chemical environment in disaster areas.

4 Brief contents. 1. Radiation dangerous objects and their brief characteristics. 1. Radiation dangerous objects and their brief characteristics. 2. Dosimetry, the purpose of its location, species, measuring units. 2. Dosimetry, the purpose of its location, species, measuring units. 3. Striking factors in radiation accidents and their characteristics 3. Striking factors in radiation accidents and their characteristics 4. Measures to protect personals and population. 4. Measures to protect personals and population. 5. Therapeutic and prophylactic measures in radiation accidents, the rules of their leading. 5. Therapeutic and prophylactic measures in radiation accidents, the rules of their leading.

5 6.Chemically dangerous objects and their brief characteristic. 6.Chemically dangerous objects and their brief characteristic. 7. Strong dangerous solutions (substance) and their classification 7. Strong dangerous solutions (substance) and their classification 8. Norms of behavior and actions in case of accidents 8. Norms of behavior and actions in case of accidents 9. Rating of condition of radiation and chemical weapon 9. Rating of condition of radiation and chemical weapon

6 Thesis of lecture Thesis of lecture

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8 Extreme situations of military character. Extreme situations of military character. Extreme situations of military character result from application by the opponent of modern means of defeat on the political, administrative and economic centers. Extreme situations of military character result from application by the opponent of modern means of defeat on the political, administrative and economic centers. The modern means of defeat : the weapon of mass defeat and usual means of an attack ( incendiary ammunition and an ammunition of volumetric explosion). The modern means of defeat : the weapon of mass defeat and usual means of an attack ( incendiary ammunition and an ammunition of volumetric explosion).

9 The weapon of mass defeat includes three kinds: The nuclear weapon The chemical weapon The biologycal weapon

10 The nuclear weapon includes an ammunition and means of delivery. An ammunition : artillery shells, aviation bombs, parts of rockets, torpedos and deep bombs, nuclear land mines. Means of delivery - artillery systems and rockets - carriers, planes and the naval ships The nuclear weapon includes an ammunition and means of delivery. An ammunition : artillery shells, aviation bombs, parts of rockets, torpedos and deep bombs, nuclear land mines. Means of delivery - artillery systems and rockets - carriers, planes and the naval ships

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15 Factors of nuclear explosion. Shock wave - the basic factor of nuclear explosion. On a shock wave 50 % of energy of explosion. Defeat is rendered by the superfluous pressure measured in кPа, time of action of a shock wave depends on capacity of explosion and does not exceed several tens seconds Shock wave - the basic factor of nuclear explosion. On a shock wave 50 % of energy of explosion. Defeat is rendered by the superfluous pressure measured in кPа, time of action of a shock wave depends on capacity of explosion and does not exceed several tens seconds Light radiation - electromagnetic radiation in a seen part of a spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Makes 35 % of energy of explosion. As a source of a luminescence the heated substances serve in area of the center of explosion. Light radiation - electromagnetic radiation in a seen part of a spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Makes 35 % of energy of explosion. As a source of a luminescence the heated substances serve in area of the center of explosion.

16 Penetrating radiation - a stream ionization radiations from area of nuclear explosion - 4 % of energy of explosion, the time of action seconds. A basis of action of a penetrating radiation is scale - radiation and a stream of protons. Key parameter of action - is radiations Penetrating radiation - a stream ionization radiations from area of nuclear explosion - 4 % of energy of explosion, the time of action seconds. A basis of action of a penetrating radiation is scale - radiation and a stream of protons. Key parameter of action - is radiations Radioactive infection - infection of a surface of the ground, an Radioactive infection - infection of a surface of the ground, an atmosphere, reservoirs, buildings and constructions. atmosphere, reservoirs, buildings and constructions. On radioactive infection 10 % of energy of nuclear explosion, On radioactive infection 10 % of energy of nuclear explosion, duration depends on capacity and a kind of nuclear explosion and duration depends on capacity and a kind of nuclear explosion and leaves hours. leaves hours. In a cloud of nuclear explosion of 980 isotopes, 35 elements In a cloud of nuclear explosion of 980 isotopes, 35 elements

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18 A - moderate infection A - moderate infection -B - strong infection -B - strong infection -C - dangerous infection -C - dangerous infection -D - extreme dangerous infection. -D - extreme dangerous infection.

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22 The chemical weapon Poison gases are classified: Poison gases are classified: -nervous - paralytic action (sarin, zoman, VX) -nervous - paralytic action (sarin, zoman, VX) -dermato-abscess actions (iprites) -dermato-abscess actions (iprites) -general poisonous actions (phosgene) -general poisonous actions (phosgene) -irritating action (chlorasetophenon, adamsite, CS, СR) -irritating action (chlorasetophenon, adamsite, CS, СR) -psycho-chemical (B-Z). -psycho-chemical (B-Z).

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28 Visual material Types of radiation doses. Types of radiation doses. Effects in radiation accidents. Effects in radiation accidents. Groups of radioactive substances by the nature of the distribution in the organism. Groups of radioactive substances by the nature of the distribution in the organism. Special measures for protection of the population. Special measures for protection of the population. Instruments for radiation, chemical and bacteriological investigation. Instruments for radiation, chemical and bacteriological investigation. Chemically dangerous objects. Chemically dangerous objects. Types of zones of strong poisonous substances, depending on the duration of contamination and time display lethality. Types of zones of strong poisonous substances, depending on the duration of contamination and time display lethality.

29 References. В.К. Батпаев, А.И. Лавриненко «Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности» - Караганда, с. В.К. Батпаев, А.И. Лавриненко «Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности» - Караганда, с. Инструкция по организации и ведению гражданской обороны Республики Казахстан. Утв. Приказом 165 АЧС РК 13 июля 2000г. Инструкция по организации и ведению гражданской обороны Республики Казахстан. Утв. Приказом 165 АЧС РК 13 июля 2000г. Каиргельдина С.А. Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности. Методическое пособие для студентов Вузов. ЕАГУ г. Астана 2003г. Каиргельдина С.А. Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности. Методическое пособие для студентов Вузов. ЕАГУ г. Астана 2003г. Инструкция по организации и проведению защитных мероприятий. Утв. Приказом 140 АЧС РК 23 июля 2000г. Инструкция по организации и проведению защитных мероприятий. Утв. Приказом 140 АЧС РК 23 июля 2000г.

30 Control questions (feedback) 1. The concept of "radiation and chemical situation" 1. The concept of "radiation and chemical situation" 2. Baseline data to assess the radiological and chemical situations. 2. Baseline data to assess the radiological and chemical situations. 3. Instruments for the assessment of radiation and chemical investigation. 3. Instruments for the assessment of radiation and chemical investigation.

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