Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught. Oscar Wilde

As you know, education in England is one of the best well-developed education in the world. So, talking about education, we will begin with a brief survey of the development of free universal education since the middle ages, & then take a closer look at the main institutions in which British people are formally educated.

History of British Education

Middle Ages Common people were parish schools. Schools were mostly religious & children were taught to read, learn prayers & psalms The first schools were parish schools. Schools were mostly religious & children were taught to read, learn prayers & psalms grammar schoolsThe pupils, drawn from the wealthier sections of town society, were expected to be able to read & write before they were admitted. They then went on to learn Latin grammar & compose Latin verse The grammar schools. The pupils, drawn from the wealthier sections of town society, were expected to be able to read & write before they were admitted. They then went on to learn Latin grammar & compose Latin verse Aristocracy They were taught hunting & manners, rather than reading & writing Girls were not normally educated except that often they too were sent away from home to learn how to behave & care for a household. In the middle ages children often had to receive cruel punishment.

17 th century Common people Dame schoolswere paid by the parish & usually run by women, there were taught children up to the age 7 reading, knitting & spinning. Dame schools were paid by the parish & usually run by women, there were taught children up to the age 7 reading, knitting & spinning. Aristocracy Grammar schoolsThere was provided further education in writing, Latin & Greek & even mathematics in the grammar schools. Grammar schools. There was provided further education in writing, Latin & Greek & even mathematics in the grammar schools. Dissenting Academies where the religious teaching reflected their own beliefs The Dissenting Academies where the religious teaching reflected their own beliefs. boarding-schools Private boarding-schools

18th century Dame schoolscontinued Dame schools continued Charity schoolswere established that stressed religion, moral teaching & vocational training. Charity schools were established that stressed religion, moral teaching & vocational training. The grammar schools public schoolswhere the scenes of bullying & savage corporal punishment. The public schools where the scenes of bullying & savage corporal punishment.

19th century From the 19th century limited & voluntary schooling to the present expanded & compulsory education system: Schools & teaching were provided for the children of enfranchised groups Schools were organised to run cheaply as possible Monitorial system Monitorial system - teacher teaches the monitors who then pass on their knowledge to the pupils The so-called Ragged Schools The so-called Ragged Schools (supported by charity & provided education for the very poorest children of the cities.) Education Act gave the first Government grant to schools.

Local Education Authorities had to finance secondary schools private secondary schools could get financial help from the government the power of the LEAs increased: schooling was made compulsory up to the age of 14 and this reorganised the government grants to schools all children should have an equal opportunity to participate in secondary education & it should be suited to their age. 20th century

The Education System The basic structure of British education system, particularly the 3 stages of education in modern Britain School EducationSchool Education Further EducationFurther Education Higher EducationHigher Education

Pre-school education Primary school Secondary school Universities, colleges of higher education Basic Structure of British Education System

British Education System classschoolage Nursery school playgroup 3434 Reception school Year 1 Infant school5656 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Junior school Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Secondary school Year 12 Year 13 Sixth form college17 18 First year Second year Third year University or Polytechnic postgraduateUniversity22

Britain State Schools The system of secondary education in Britain has been changed in recent years. Under the old system, children took an examination called the eleven plus at the age of 11. If they passed this examination, they went to a grammar school (high school) & if they failed, they went to a secondary modern school.The system of secondary education in Britain has been changed in recent years. Under the old system, children took an examination called the eleven plus at the age of 11. If they passed this examination, they went to a grammar school (high school) & if they failed, they went to a secondary modern school.

Under the new system, there is no examination at the age of elevenUnder the new system, there is no examination at the age of eleven the grammar schools & secondary modern schools have been replaced by large comprehensive schools.the grammar schools & secondary modern schools have been replaced by large comprehensive schools. Some comprehensives are streamed; others are unstreamed.Some comprehensives are streamed; others are unstreamed. In a streamed school, pupils are placed into classes according to their ability. Children of high ability are in the A stream, those of lesser ability in the B stream & so on.In a streamed school, pupils are placed into classes according to their ability. Children of high ability are in the A stream, those of lesser ability in the B stream & so on. In an unstreamed school, children of mixed ability are placed together in the classes.In an unstreamed school, children of mixed ability are placed together in the classes.

Private education Government does not support these schools financially.Government does not support these schools financially. People must pay for their educationPeople must pay for their education Choice: day and boarding schools, single-sex schoolsChoice: day and boarding schools, single-sex schools 2,400 schools in Britain2,400 schools in Britain

E d u c a t i o n brings a child the world Many British children start school at the age of 3 or 4 if there is a play school near their house.Many British children start school at the age of 3 or 4 if there is a play school near their house. These schools are nursery & they are not compulsory.These schools are nursery & they are not compulsory. Children are taught to sing, draw, they play different creative games.Children are taught to sing, draw, they play different creative games. Compulsory education begins at the age of 5, when children go to primary school.Compulsory education begins at the age of 5, when children go to primary school.

Pre-school Education Compulsory schooling: every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age of 5 to 16.Compulsory schooling: every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age of 5 to 16. Children begin their education in the State system at the age of 5; some lucky children may attend Nursery schools (kindergartens) from 3 to 5, but most start their basic education in an Infants (the infants department of a junior school) or First School.Children begin their education in the State system at the age of 5; some lucky children may attend Nursery schools (kindergartens) from 3 to 5, but most start their basic education in an Infants (the infants department of a junior school) or First School.

Primary Education All children start primary school by the age of 5. Primary education lasts for six years.All children start primary school by the age of 5. Primary education lasts for six years. They attend the infant school from 5 to 7 and then junior school until they are 11. They attend the infant school from 5 to 7 and then junior school until they are 11. Some parents pay for their children to attend a private school but all children have the right to go to a state school which is free.Some parents pay for their children to attend a private school but all children have the right to go to a state school which is free. Private schools are called public schools.Private schools are called public schools. Most of them are boarding schools.Most of them are boarding schools. More than 90% of British children attend state schools.More than 90% of British children attend state schools. In English schools pupils have to address men teachers Sir and women teachers Miss or Mrs.In English schools pupils have to address men teachers Sir and women teachers Miss or Mrs.

Primary School Subjects One teacher teaches: Art Art Analysis Analysis Drama Drama English English Geography Geography History History Mathematics Mathematics Scottish Gaelic (in Scotland) Scottish Gaelic (in Scotland)

School Uniform

Young people in Britain often don't like their school uniform, especially the hats & shoes. Sometimes they do not wear the right clothes. Schools will often give them a warning the first time that this happens but then will punish them if they continue not to wear the correct uniform. Senior students don't have to wear their school uniform.

Secondary School Compulsory education extends up to 16 years. Comprehensive schools are mostly mixed sex & cater for a mixed range of abilities. Their students come from a range of social classes & ethnic backgrounds. Students are often streamed into different ability groups..Compulsory education extends up to 16 years. Comprehensive schools are mostly mixed sex & cater for a mixed range of abilities. Their students come from a range of social classes & ethnic backgrounds. Students are often streamed into different ability groups.. The main examination that all students should take at 16 is GCSE. Some students continue in the same school for a further 2 years of study leading to the examination of the General Certificate of Education, Advanced level (GCE A level). Usually 3 or 4 academic subjects are studied & 1 general studies paper. This is the main examination required for university entrance.The main examination that all students should take at 16 is GCSE. Some students continue in the same school for a further 2 years of study leading to the examination of the General Certificate of Education, Advanced level (GCE A level). Usually 3 or 4 academic subjects are studied & 1 general studies paper. This is the main examination required for university entrance.

Secondary School Subjects MathematicsMathematics ScienceScience Technology and designTechnology and design Information TechnologyInformation Technology EnglishEnglish Modern Languages (French, German, Spanish)Modern Languages (French, German, Spanish) GeographyGeography HistoryHistory Social EducationSocial Education ReligionReligion CookingCooking MusicMusic Physical educationPhysical education Greek and Latin (grammar and independent schoolsGreek and Latin (grammar and independent schools )

Marks E N G L I S HUKRAINIAN А*(star)Excellent12 AVery good10-11 BGood8-9 CSatisfactory6-7 DPoor4-5 EVery poor2-3 FAwful1

General School Certificate The General School Certificate (G.S.C) was a standardized school (public) examination in Britain. It was replaced by the General Certificate of Education (G.C.E) in 1965.The General School Certificate (G.S.C) was a standardized school (public) examination in Britain. It was replaced by the General Certificate of Education (G.C.E) in The G.C.E consists of two sets of examinations: the ordinary level & the advanced level. It is on the results of the advanced level examination that universities choose their students.The G.C.E consists of two sets of examinations: the ordinary level & the advanced level. It is on the results of the advanced level examination that universities choose their students.

At the age of 13 pupils begin preparing for the G.C.S.E in 8 or 9 subjects such as English, French, mathematics & history.At the age of 13 pupils begin preparing for the G.C.S.E in 8 or 9 subjects such as English, French, mathematics & history. Then pupils may choose 2 or 3 subjects out of the 8 or 9 for a 2-year course leading to the A level examinations. With 8 good grades in the G.C.S.E & 3 G.C. E. A level passes, students will stand a very good chance of being accepted by universities.Then pupils may choose 2 or 3 subjects out of the 8 or 9 for a 2-year course leading to the A level examinations. With 8 good grades in the G.C.S.E & 3 G.C. E. A level passes, students will stand a very good chance of being accepted by universities.

School Rules EVERY BRITISH SCHOOL HAS ITS RULES, FOR EXAMPLE: Be politeBe polite Say hello when you see a teacherSay hello when you see a teacher Come to school on timeCome to school on time Stand up when a teacher comes into the classStand up when a teacher comes into the class Dont eat or drink in the classroomDont eat or drink in the classroom Dont run in the corridorsDont run in the corridors Dont bring mobile phones to classDont bring mobile phones to class Dont talk to people in lessonsDont talk to people in lessons Appropriate school dress must de worn on all school occasions. Appropriate school dress must de worn on all school occasions. Bicycles shall not be ridden in the school grounds. Bicycles shall not be ridden in the school grounds. Ball games may not be played in areas close to unprotected windows. Ball games may not be played in areas close to unprotected windows. Radios and tape-recorders of any type must not be brought to school. Radios and tape-recorders of any type must not be brought to school. No pupil is allowed to smoke on the school premises or on school visits, or to bring cigarettes. No pupil is allowed to smoke on the school premises or on school visits, or to bring cigarettes.

Further education Used to study academic subjects & explore recreational activities as well as to develop & upgrade work skills.Used to study academic subjects & explore recreational activities as well as to develop & upgrade work skills. Usually for students between 16 and 18Usually for students between 16 and 18 Prepares for university or for a vocationPrepares for university or for a vocation At 18 some students take A-level examination because it is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or Polytechnic.At 18 some students take A-level examination because it is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or Polytechnic. But some pupils want to stay on at school to prepare for a vocational course or for a work rather than for A-level examinations.But some pupils want to stay on at school to prepare for a vocational course or for a work rather than for A-level examinations.

Higher Education There are more than 88universities in BritainThere are more than 88universities in Britain Mostly teach a broad range of subjectsMostly teach a broad range of subjects Higher education begins at 18 & usually lasts three or four years.Higher education begins at 18 & usually lasts three or four years. After getting A-level of GCSE students go to universities, polytechnics or colleges of higher education.After getting A-level of GCSE students go to universities, polytechnics or colleges of higher education. The academic year is divided into three terms.The academic year is divided into three terms. Terminal examinations are held at the end of autumn, spring & summer terms. Only two reexaminations are allowed.Terminal examinations are held at the end of autumn, spring & summer terms. Only two reexaminations are allowed. British universities usually keep to the customs of the past. Upon graduation all the students have to wear long black gowns & students caps.British universities usually keep to the customs of the past. Upon graduation all the students have to wear long black gowns & students caps.

University of Higher Education The old universities refer to those founded before Oxford & Cambridge are the oldest ones, dating from 1249 &1284. Until the 19th century, they are the only 2 universities in EnglandThe old universities refer to those founded before Oxford & Cambridge are the oldest ones, dating from 1249 &1284. Until the 19th century, they are the only 2 universities in England The new universities are those founded since the 2nd world war. They have their own independent & modern approaches to teachingThe new universities are those founded since the 2nd world war. They have their own independent & modern approaches to teaching. A private university (Buckingham).A private university (Buckingham). A school which is devoted entirely to distance learning (the Open University).A school which is devoted entirely to distance learning (the Open University).

Open University

The open University is a non-residential university offering degree & other courses for adult students of all ages. It uses specially printed texts, correspondence tuition, TV & radio broadcast, audio & visual cassettes. There is also a network of study centers for contact with part-time counselors & fellow students. No formal academic qualifications are required to register for most courses, but standards of the Universitys degrees are the same as those of other universities. They offer higher degrees & programs for professionals in education, health & welfare & for updating managers, scientists & technologists.The open University is a non-residential university offering degree & other courses for adult students of all ages. It uses specially printed texts, correspondence tuition, TV & radio broadcast, audio & visual cassettes. There is also a network of study centers for contact with part-time counselors & fellow students. No formal academic qualifications are required to register for most courses, but standards of the Universitys degrees are the same as those of other universities. They offer higher degrees & programs for professionals in education, health & welfare & for updating managers, scientists & technologists.

Classification of degrees Degrees: BA (Bachelor of Arts) or BSc (Bachelor of Science);Degrees: BA (Bachelor of Arts) or BSc (Bachelor of Science); MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science);MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science); Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy).Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy).

Undergraduate Courses Usually only three yearsUsually only three years Specialise in one subjectSpecialise in one subject Entrance requirementsEntrance requirements Good English profieciency Good English profieciency Previous examinations Previous examinations Postgraduate courses Postgraduate courses MastersMasters Can be teaching or research based Can be teaching or research based Usually examined by dissertation Usually examined by dissertation One or two years One or two years DoctorateDoctorate –Always research, never taught

Distance education Learners are separated from the institutionLearners are separated from the institution Learning takes place outside the education establishment.Learning takes place outside the education establishment. Students learn where and when it suits them, at their own pace.Students learn where and when it suits them, at their own pace. Studies and private and professional commitments can be combinedStudies and private and professional commitments can be combined

The oldest universities of Great Britain The oldest universities of Great Britain : Oxford Cambridge

OXFORD & CAMBRIDGE

Oxford University

CambridgeUniversity

Education for Foreigners Language courses Summer schools (colleges)

Conclusion The studying in England is very prestigious, interesting and popular all over the world. Every year hundreds and thousands of students come to this place to get the best education. It is hard to find parents who dont want to see their children as graduates of a British college or a University. What is the secret of its popularity? What are the main advantages of studying in Great Britain? British certificates are considered to be the best and respected all over the world The quality of the British Education is very prestigious in the world The studying in Great Britain is cheaper than in other countries The studying in Great Britain allows you to learn to speak and think as Englishmen

Study well and youll have a chance to enter these universities.