Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Review -Parts of Speech- Lesson 1 SE005 May - Aug 2010

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Overview… Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech, the Verb, the Noun, the Pronoun, the Adjective, the Adverb, the Preposition, the Conjunction, and the Interjection. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Formation of English Words Parts of Speech Sentence Structures Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

NOUN Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias

What is a Noun? A word used to name person, animal, thing and abstract ideas. Function: A noun can function in a sentence as a Subject, a Direct Object, anIndirect Object, a Subject Complement, an Object Compliment, an' Appositive, an Adjective or an Adverb. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias TYPES of Noun Proper – Malaysia, Alan, Macalister road, UCSI University. Common – table, students, air, boy, hand. Collective – a band of singer, a troop of army. Abstract – love, sad, happy, loyalty. Concrete – table, chair, student. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias CLASSIFICATION of Nouns Nouns according to FORM and QUANTITY Form: Singular / Plural Quantity: Countable / Uncountable SPECIFICATION of Nouns Noun as a Subject: The manager recruits all workers Noun as an Object: Harith owns a speedboat Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias E.g. Late last year our neighbors bought a goat. Portia White was an opera singer. The bus inspector looked at all the passengers passes. According the Plutarch, the library at Alexandria was destroyed in 48 B.C. Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias What is a Pronoun? Used to replace the Noun in order to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias 1. Personal Pronouns SINGULAR Singular Pronoun Object Pronoun IMe You HeHim SheHer It Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI PLURAL Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun You WeUs TheyThem

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias 2. Possessive Pronouns Singular Pronoun Possessive Pronoun Before a nounWithout a noun following it ImyMine YouyourYours HeHis SheHerHers itits- Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Plural PronounPossessive Pronoun Before a nounWithout a noun following it YouyourYours TheyTheirTheirs weOurours Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias 3. Reflexive Pronouns Singular Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun My + selfmyself Him + selfHimself Her + selfHerself It + selfItself Your + selfyourself Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI Plural Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun Our + selves Ourselves Them + selves Themselves Your + selves yourselves

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias 4. Relative Pronouns PeopleThings and Animals Uses WhoThatAddresses the subject / the object in a sentence WhoseWhichTo show possession WhomRefers to the object in a sentence ThatWhoseAddresses the subject / the object in a sentence Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias What is a Verb? A verb asserts something about the subject; expressing Actions, Events and States of Being. It is a critical element of the predicate of a sentence. E.g. Dracula bites his victims on the neck. My first teacher was Ms. Susan, but I remembered the janitor Ms. Nanny more vividly. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Examine these sentences: Books are made of ink, paper and glue. Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets. We walk down the street. The mail carrier stood on the walk. The town decided to build a new jail. The sheriff told us that if we did not leave the town, he would jail us. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias How to Recognize an Adverb? In a sentence, we can recognize an adverb by its: Function(b) Formations (c) Positions FUNCTION - It modifies a verb: He speaks softly (Softly modifies the verb speak) - It modifies an adjective:The drawing is really beautiful (Really modifies the adjective Beautiful) - It modifies an adverb: They started the journey least enthusiastically (Least modifies the adverb Enthusiastically) Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias (b) FORMATION Usually, an adverb is formed by adding - ly to an adjective E.g. - Slow : Slowly - Certain : Certainly - Soft : Softly - If any adjective ends in -y, we replace the y with i and add -ly E.g. - Happy : Happily - Easy : Easily - Hungry : Hungrily - Tidy : Tidily Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias If any adjective ends in -able or -le, we replace the -e with y E.g. - Feasible : Feasibly - Gentle : Gently - Sensible : Sensibly o If any adjective ends with -ic, we add -ally. E.g. - Economic : Economically - Basic : Basically - Specific : Specifically Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias What is an Adjective? Adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, identifying or quantifying words. It describes a quality or state of an object, usually relating to taste, color, size, shape, judgments like Pretty, good etc. It is usually precedes the noun or pronoun it modifies. E.g. The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea. The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops. The back room was filed with large, yellow rain boots. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias An Adjective can be modified by an adverb, by a phrase or clause functioning as an adverb. E.g. My husband knits intricately patterned mittens. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Categories of Adjectives POSSESSIVE (my, her, their, Your, his) DEMONS- TRATIVE (this, that, those) DESCRIPTIVE (thin, wet, short) QUANTI- TATIVE (few, many, several) Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVE There are three DEGREES of comparison - POSITIVE - COMPARATIVE - SUPERLATIVE (1) POSITIVE - Used to describe NOUNS E.g. : Fat boy, tall building, blue shirt, bad news (2) COMPARATIVE - Used to compare TWO things - Often, it is followed by THAN E.g. : taller than, bigger than, faster than Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias (3) SUPERLATIVE - Used to compare MORE THAN TWO things - Used to show the highest degree of the quality among the persons, places or things that are being compared. - The article the usually precedes them. E.g. : the most intelligent, the prettiest, the longest, the strongest, the fastest. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias What are Determiners? Determiners are little function words found within noun phrases. E.g. A cat is sleeping. Which cat is sleeping? Whose cat is sleeping? Your cat is sleeping. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias DETERMINERS DemonstrativesPossessivesArticlesWH-Tags Quantificational Determiners Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Demonstratives Refers to something that is known and specific Kinds: - This – Singular Form - That – Singular Form - These – Plural Form - Those – Plural Form Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias WH-Tags Indicate that the noun phrase is the focus of question. Kinds: - Which – used for both things and persons. - Whose – a counterpart of who and which - What – used for things only. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Articles Definite : The Indefinite : A / An Quantificational Words that indicate amount. Words like some, any, enough, and no. Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias Possessive They are used to indicate ownership. Used before nouns. Kinds: - His- Their - Your- Theirs - Its- Yours - Mine- My - Our- Ours Social Science and Liberal Arts English Department, UCSI

Prepared by Ms. Arlini Alias -End Slide-