Scotland Цаплина Т. С. Учитель английского языка ГБОУ СОШ 199 Шишулина А. Ю. Учитель английского языка ГБОУ СОШ 199

Welcome to the English lesson, devoted to Scotland ! Scotland is one of four constituent nations which form the United Kingdom (the other three are England, Wales and Northen Ireland). Scotland forms the northern part. of the island of Great Britain. Scotland is 31,510 sq. miles in area; it is 274 miles long from North to South and varies in breadth between 24 and 154 miles.

From the History of Scotland Romans never conquered Scotland. The first thousand years AD is a story of wars in which the peoples of Scotland - Scots, Picts, Britons and Anglians - gradually came together. Scotland managed to be independent for a long time, though the English tried hard to conquer it. Mary Stewart,, was the last monarch of independent Scotland. Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots ( )

From the History of Scotland In 1603, James VI King of Scots inherited the English throne and became also King James I of England.King James I of England With this union England, Wales and Scotland became known as Great Britain. James VI and I, the son of Mary Queen of Scots, cousin of Elizabeth I

Modern Scotland Today Scotland is a part of the United Kingdom. It has its own parliament. The Scottish Parliament BuildingScottish Parliament Building

Symbols of Scotland The Scottish national flag is the cross of St. Andrew, also known as the Saltire. It is said to be one of the oldest national flags of any country, dating back at least to the 12th century. The blue colour of St. Andrew's flag stands for the sky. St. Andrew's cross

Symbols of Scotland St. Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland. He was one of Christ's twelve apostles. It is believed that St. Andrew was executed by the Romans upon a diagonally transversed cross 30 November, St. Andrew's Day, is the national day of Scotland (official holidaySt. Andrew's Day St. Andrew

Symbols of Scotland The Royal Scottish Flag.

Symbols of Scotland The national flower of Scotland is the thistle, a prickly- leaved purple flower which was first used in the 15th century as a symbol of defence.

Scotland - Physical Characteristics Scotland is divided into three main regions: the Highlands, the Midland Valley the Southern Uplands.

The main regions: The Highlands The Highlands: This legendary region of Scotland has for centuries inspired writers and travellers from all over the world. From the wild rugged west coast through the charm of picturesque villages to the awesome majesty of Glen Coe and the Scottish mountains the Highlands offer natural beauty,a warm and friendly people - and a great holiday.

The main regions: The Highlands

Ben Nevis is the highest pick of Scotland (1,342 m)

The main regions: the Midland Valley

The main regions: the Southern Uplands

The Land of Lakes Loch Ness Loch Lomond

The Land of Castles

Stirling Bothwell Castle Carnasserie Castle Burleigh Castle Megginch Castle Skibo Castle St Andrews Castle The Land of Castles

The cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen together with numerous towns, most of the population and the majority of Scotland's industry is located within the Midland Valley. Edinburgh Aberdeen Glasgow Main Cities

Main Cities: Edinburgh Edinburgh', said the writer Robert Louis Stevenson, 'is what Paris ought to be'. Edinburgh is a beautiful city built on very hilly ground. The old city is fascinating with its multiple street levels, walkways and closes (a close is a narrow alleyway which cuts between the main streets).

Main Cities: Glasgow

Main Cities: Aberdeen Aberdeen is known as the granite city, because almost all the buildings more than thirty years old are of granite which used to be dug out of the local (Rubislaw) Quarry. Home to more than 200,000 people, Aberdeen is a busy, cosmopolitan city in the North East of Scotland. Its the countrys third largest city. Only Glasgow and Edinburgh are bigger. In fact, a recent survey showed that Aberdeen is the most prosperous city in Britain outside of the South East of England.

Edinburgh's Festivals It's no wonder that Edinburgh has truly become the FESTIVAL CITY. There is no place on earth like Edinburgh in August. The sheer excitement of the artistic energy and the huge range of events happening throughout this beautiful city make your visit both special and unforgettable. The Edinburgh International Festival sits at the centre of the phenomenon that is the Edinburgh festival, actually many different festivals offering an unparalleled wealth of cultural experiences.

Edinburgh Festival Edinburgh Festival takes place in Edinburgh castle. Its symbol is a thistle.

Edinburgh Festival Military Tattoo Show

Hogmanay Hogmanay is the Scottish New Year, celebrated on 31st December every year. Edinburgh's Hogmany is a four day free for all celebrating the new year. Visitors enjoy 4 days of fabulous events throughout the city including well loved favourites such as the Torchlight Procession and the world famous Royal Bank Street Party, as well as many new events.

Clans and Tartans

Kilts

Bagpipes The basic bagpipe comprised the same elements: a bag with a chanter (on which the melody was played) and one or more drones (pipes which play a continuous note). The bag provided a sustained tone while the musician took a breath and allowed several tones to be played at once. The original Scottish pipes probably had, at the most, a single drone.

Bagpipes

Highland games

History of Highland games The 11th Century saw the first Games in Scotland organized and designated as a sporting event. During the reign of King Malcom III ( ), a fairly flat meadowland, the Brae O¹Mar, along the river Dee, was used for a royal contest to find the swiftest and strongest in the kingdom... fast, with the necessary stamina to carry Malcom¹s messages across the land.

About games The Highland Games centre on traditional Scottish competitions in piping and drumming, dancing, and heavy athletics. The games are a celebration of Scottish culture and heritage (particularly that of the Highlands) and include entertainment and exhibits related to other aspects of Scottish culture.

This event, like so many athletic events, may well have begun as a military discipline developed to breach fortification and barriers. The modern caber toss has a much more peaceful purpose. The object of the contest is to toss the 100 to 120 pound, foot long caber end-over-end so that it lands with the bottom, or small end pointing directly away from the contestant. The athlete with the straightest toss is the winner.

This event is a popular test of strength and skill. The 422 long hammer weighing pounds is thrown for distance. The longest throw wins. If any part of the body crosses the toe board, a foul is declared and throw nullified.

This event is test of strength and coordination. The stone weighs 16 pounds, is 7 5/8 inches in diameter, and is thrown much like the modern day shot put. The longest throw wins. If he touches the ground in front of the foul board, try is recorded as foul and not measured for distance.

The pound sheaf of hay, wrapped in burlap, is tossed by pitchfork over a crossbar suspend by ropes between two tall upright poles. Failure to successfully toss the sheaf over the bar at least one time at any successive height eliminates the contest.

The 28 and 56 pound weights are thrown for distance. Three throws with each are allowed, but only the longest counts. The longest throws win. If any part of the body crosses the tow board, a foul is declared and the throw nullified.

The 56 pound weight is swung between the knees and tossed over the bar using only one hand. Three misses or touches at the same height means elimination. The highest toss wins and ties are settled by fewest misses at previous lower heights.

Scotland THE FAMOUS PEOPLE of 1

Scottish inspiration Scottish inspiration PEOPLE: 1740 – David Hume publishes A Treatise of Human Nature 1774 – James Watt patents the Steam engine 1776 – Adam Smith writes Wealth of Nations 1847 – James Young Simpson pioneers Anaesthesia 1860s– James Clerk Maxwell develops the kinetic theory of gases and invents color photography 1860 – Josef Lister pioneers antiseptics 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone 1926 – John Logie Baird transmits the first television pictures 1928 – Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin 2

3 David Hume A Treatise of Human Nature

4 James Watt Steam engine

5 Adam Smith Wealth of Nations

6 James Young Simpson Anaesthesia

7 James Clerk Maxwell kinetic theory of gases and invents color photography

8 Josef Lister antiseptics

Alexander Graham Bell telephone 9

John Logie Baird television pictures 10

Alexander Fleming penicillin 11

Famous Scots George Gordon Lord Byron

Famous Scots Walter Scott

Famous Scots Robert Louis Stevenson

Famous Scots Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 – 1930)

Famous Scots Sean Connery

ROBERT BURNS He was born on the 25th of January in 1759 in a small clay cottage (хижине) built with his fathers own hands. His father was a gardener. Robert was the eldest of seven children and was born in poverty (нищета). Roberts mother had a wonderful voice and she used to sing while working about the house. When Robert was fifteen years old he began to write. He wrote many poems, but his best verses were written in Scotch dialect. In his poems he depicted the life he knew and his poems touched the heart and soul of every reader. He died at the age of 37 of heart disease. R.B. was born in poverty, died in poverty, but he enriched the world. ( )

Auld Lang Syne. For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll take a cup of kindness yet, For auld lang syne! Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And auld lang syne? And there's a hand my trusty fiere, And gie's a hand o thine, And we'll take a right guid-willie waught, For auld lang syne.