The Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra Свято-Троицкая Сергиева Лавра Учебник и путеводитель

Содержание Явление преподобному Сергию Явление преподобному Сергию Явление преподобному Сергию Явление преподобному Сергию Жизнь святого Сергия Жизнь святого Сергия Жизнь святого Сергия Жизнь святого Сергия Сергий Радонежский и Дмитрий Донской Сергий Радонежский и Дмитрий Донской Сергий Радонежский и Дмитрий Донской Сергий Радонежский и Дмитрий Донской Успенский Собор Успенский Собор Успенский Собор Успенский Собор Башни и стены монастыря Башни и стены монастыря Башни и стены монастыря Башни и стены монастыря Троицкий Собор Троицкий Собор Троицкий Собор Троицкий Собор Другие церкви Другие церкви Другие церкви Другие церкви Митрополичьи покои Митрополичьи покои Митрополичьи покои Митрополичьи покои Колокольня Колокольня Колокольня Духовская церковь Духовская церковь Духовская церковь Духовская церковь Другие святыни Другие святыни Другие святыни Другие святыни

Явление преподобному Сергию «…One night while St. Sergius was praying, he heard a voice calling his name. He was greatly surprised and, having read his prayer, he opened the window to see who had called him. A miraculous vision appeared before him. A great light coming from heaven made the night as bright as day. Once again a voice called him saying, Sergius, you pray for your children and the Lord has heard your prayer. See how many monks have come together in honour of the Holy Trinity to be guided by you. Then the saint saw a multitude of birds that were not only on the wall of the monastery, but also in the clearing surrounding it. The voice said: The number of your monks will be as the number of the birds, and it will not decrease if they follow your path». «…One night while St. Sergius was praying, he heard a voice calling his name. He was greatly surprised and, having read his prayer, he opened the window to see who had called him. A miraculous vision appeared before him. A great light coming from heaven made the night as bright as day. Once again a voice called him saying, Sergius, you pray for your children and the Lord has heard your prayer. See how many monks have come together in honour of the Holy Trinity to be guided by you. Then the saint saw a multitude of birds that were not only on the wall of the monastery, but also in the clearing surrounding it. The voice said: The number of your monks will be as the number of the birds, and it will not decrease if they follow your path».

Жизнь святого Сергия Having become abbot of the monastery, St. Sergius did not change anything in his life and continued to work for all. He remembered the words of Christ, The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve (Mt. 20:28 ). He was not only a father but also a servant to all those who came to him, giving an example of humility and work. Saint Sergius officiated every day, and he himself prepared alter bread, grinding wheat and making dough. He also prepared food, made boots and habits for the monks, carried water form the spring and left a bucket at each monks cell. He himself built 3 or 4 cells for other monks. He spent the night praying, eating only a little bread and water and never spent an hour without working. Having become abbot of the monastery, St. Sergius did not change anything in his life and continued to work for all. He remembered the words of Christ, The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve (Mt. 20:28 ). He was not only a father but also a servant to all those who came to him, giving an example of humility and work. Saint Sergius officiated every day, and he himself prepared alter bread, grinding wheat and making dough. He also prepared food, made boots and habits for the monks, carried water form the spring and left a bucket at each monks cell. He himself built 3 or 4 cells for other monks. He spent the night praying, eating only a little bread and water and never spent an hour without working. abbot -игумен abbot -игумен Christ - Христос Christ - Христос the Son of Man – Сын человеческий the Son of Man – Сын человеческий humility - смирение humility - смирение cell - келья cell - келья monk - монах monk - монах spent the night – проводить ночь spent the night – проводить ночь praying - молясь praying - молясь

Having become abbot of the monastery, St. Sergius did not change anything in his life and continued to work for all. He remembered the words of Christ, The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve (Mt. 20:28 ). He was not only a father but also a servant to all those who came to him, giving an example of humility and work. Saint Sergius officiated every day, and he himself prepared alter bread, grinding wheat and making dough. He also prepared food, made boots and habits for the monks, carried water form the spring and left a bucket at each monks cell. He himself built 3 or 4 cells for other monks. He spent the night praying, eating only a little bread and water and never spent an hour without working. Having become abbot of the monastery, St. Sergius did not change anything in his life and continued to work for all. He remembered the words of Christ, The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve (Mt. 20:28 ). He was not only a father but also a servant to all those who came to him, giving an example of humility and work. Saint Sergius officiated every day, and he himself prepared alter bread, grinding wheat and making dough. He also prepared food, made boots and habits for the monks, carried water form the spring and left a bucket at each monks cell. He himself built 3 or 4 cells for other monks. He spent the night praying, eating only a little bread and water and never spent an hour without working. Став настоятелем монастыря, Cв. Сергий не изменил ничто в его жизни и продолжил работать для всех. Он помнил слова Христа, Сын Человека пришел, чтобы не Ему послужили, но служить (Mt. 20:28). Он был не только отец но и слуга всем тем, кто прибыли к нему, давая пример смирения и труда. Святой Сергий исполнял обязанности каждый день, и сам он приготовлял хлеб, размалывая пшеницу и делая тесто. Он также готовил пищу, делал обувь и все необходимое для монахов, носил воду с весны и оставлял ковшом в келье каждого монаха. Сам он построил 3 или 4 кельи для других монахов. Он проводил ночь, молясь, ел только немного хлеба и воды и никогда не провел и часа без работы. Став настоятелем монастыря, Cв. Сергий не изменил ничто в его жизни и продолжил работать для всех. Он помнил слова Христа, Сын Человека пришел, чтобы не Ему послужили, но служить (Mt. 20:28). Он был не только отец но и слуга всем тем, кто прибыли к нему, давая пример смирения и труда. Святой Сергий исполнял обязанности каждый день, и сам он приготовлял хлеб, размалывая пшеницу и делая тесто. Он также готовил пищу, делал обувь и все необходимое для монахов, носил воду с весны и оставлял ковшом в келье каждого монаха. Сам он построил 3 или 4 кельи для других монахов. Он проводил ночь, молясь, ел только немного хлеба и воды и никогда не провел и часа без работы.

Numerous miracles took place and many people were cured by St. Sergius` prayers. Gradually he became famous all over the country. Many pilgrims as well as suffering and poor people came to him for consolation.In his lifetime already he was revered as a saint. For a long time the number of the monks was limited to twelve. Then new candidates arrived and the community began to grow. The saint refused no one the right to enter the monastery. Among his disciples and followers there are about 70 canonised saints. In central and north-eastern Russia they founded about 50 monasteries, which became centres of orthodox piety and spiritual enlightenment. Numerous miracles took place and many people were cured by St. Sergius` prayers. Gradually he became famous all over the country. Many pilgrims as well as suffering and poor people came to him for consolation.In his lifetime already he was revered as a saint. For a long time the number of the monks was limited to twelve. Then new candidates arrived and the community began to grow. The saint refused no one the right to enter the monastery. Among his disciples and followers there are about 70 canonised saints. In central and north-eastern Russia they founded about 50 monasteries, which became centres of orthodox piety and spiritual enlightenment. miracle - чудо miracle - чудо prayer - молитва prayer - молитва pilgrim - паломник pilgrim - паломник Consolation - утешение Consolation - утешение disciples and followers – ученики и последователи disciples and followers – ученики и последователи canonised saint – канонизированный святой canonised saint – канонизированный святой centre of orthodox piety – центр православного благочестия centre of orthodox piety – центр православного благочестия spiritual enlightenment – духовное просвещение spiritual enlightenment – духовное просвещение

Numerous miracles took place and many people were cured by St. Sergius` prayers. Gradually he became famous all over the country. Many pilgrims as well as suffering and poor people came to him for consolation.In his lifetime already he was revered as a saint. For a long time the number of the monks was limited to twelve. Then new candidates arrived and the community began to grow. The saint refused no one the right to enter the monastery. Among his disciples and followers there are about 70 canonised saints. In central and north-eastern Russia they founded about 50 monasteries, which became centres of orthodox piety and spiritual enlightenment. Numerous miracles took place and many people were cured by St. Sergius` prayers. Gradually he became famous all over the country. Many pilgrims as well as suffering and poor people came to him for consolation.In his lifetime already he was revered as a saint. For a long time the number of the monks was limited to twelve. Then new candidates arrived and the community began to grow. The saint refused no one the right to enter the monastery. Among his disciples and followers there are about 70 canonised saints. In central and north-eastern Russia they founded about 50 monasteries, which became centres of orthodox piety and spiritual enlightenment. Многочисленные чудеса имели место, и много людей были вылечены молитвами Cв. Сергия. Постепенно он стал известным по всей стране. Много паломников, также как страдающих и бедных людей прибывали к нему за утешением. Во время жизни уже он почитался как святой. В течение долгого времени количество монахов был ограничено двенадцатью. Тогда прибыли новые кандидаты, и сообщество начало расти. Святой не отказал никому в праве прийти в монастырь. Среди его учеников и последователей есть приблизительно 70, канонизированных святых. В центральной и северо- восточной России они основали приблизительно 50 монастырей, которые стали центрами православного благочестия и духовного просвещения. Многочисленные чудеса имели место, и много людей были вылечены молитвами Cв. Сергия. Постепенно он стал известным по всей стране. Много паломников, также как страдающих и бедных людей прибывали к нему за утешением. Во время жизни уже он почитался как святой. В течение долгого времени количество монахов был ограничено двенадцатью. Тогда прибыли новые кандидаты, и сообщество начало расти. Святой не отказал никому в праве прийти в монастырь. Среди его учеников и последователей есть приблизительно 70, канонизированных святых. В центральной и северо- восточной России они основали приблизительно 50 монастырей, которые стали центрами православного благочестия и духовного просвещения.

Сергий Радонежский и Дмитрий Донской In 1380, Prince Dimitry Donskoy of Moscow came to seek St. Sergius` blessing before leading his army for the Orthodox faith and for the liberation of his native land from the Mongol yoke, which greatly oppressed Russia since Having received the saints blessing to go against the godless enemies, the Grand Prince won a great victory over the army of the Tartar Khan Mamai on the Kulikovo Field on the 8th of September. It was the first major Russian victory against the Tartars. After that, Moscow Princes became the patrons of the Trinity monastery. In 1380, Prince Dimitry Donskoy of Moscow came to seek St. Sergius` blessing before leading his army for the Orthodox faith and for the liberation of his native land from the Mongol yoke, which greatly oppressed Russia since Having received the saints blessing to go against the godless enemies, the Grand Prince won a great victory over the army of the Tartar Khan Mamai on the Kulikovo Field on the 8th of September. It was the first major Russian victory against the Tartars. After that, Moscow Princes became the patrons of the Trinity monastery. St. Sergius entrusted his holy and pure soul to God on September 25, His successor as abbot of the Trinity monastery was St. Nikon, first among his disciples. St. Sergius entrusted his holy and pure soul to God on September 25, His successor as abbot of the Trinity monastery was St. Nikon, first among his disciples.

Успенский Собор After the end of the wars against Tartars and the victory over the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, the tsar began building a large and beautiful church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, a copy of the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral. The walls, the pillars and the vaults are covered with frescoes on the subjects of Church History. Most of the wall frescoes are dedicated to the Dormition of the Holy Virgin. On the pillars there are images of the most highly venerated saints of the Orthodox Church. After the end of the wars against Tartars and the victory over the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, the tsar began building a large and beautiful church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, a copy of the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral. The walls, the pillars and the vaults are covered with frescoes on the subjects of Church History. Most of the wall frescoes are dedicated to the Dormition of the Holy Virgin. On the pillars there are images of the most highly venerated saints of the Orthodox Church. (перевод- наследующем слайде)

По окончании войн против татар и победы над Казанью и Астраханью, царь начал строить большую и красивую церковь, посвященную Успению Матери Божией, копия Кремля Успенского Собора. Стены, столбы и хранилища покрыты фресками на темы истории Церкви. Большинство стенных фресок посвящено Успению Святой Девы. На столбах - изображения самых высоко почитаемых святых Православной Церкви.

St. Nikon ( ) came to the Trinity monastery and became St. Sergius` closest co- worker. Half a year before his death, St. Sergius entrusted the leadership of the monastery to St. Nikon and vowed himself to silence. He was abbot of the monastery until his death in St. Nikon ( ) came to the Trinity monastery and became St. Sergius` closest co- worker. Half a year before his death, St. Sergius entrusted the leadership of the monastery to St. Nikon and vowed himself to silence. He was abbot of the monastery until his death in Trinity monastery – монастырь Троицы closest co-worker – ближайший со-работник leadership of the monastery – управление монастырем vowed himself to silence – удалился в безмолвие

In the reign of the tsar Ivan IV, who had a particular veneration for St. Sergius, the monastery was surrounded by a stone enclosure topped by 12 towers. After the end of the wars against Tartars and the victory over the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, the tsar began building a large and beautiful church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, a copy of the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral. The walls, the pillars and the vaults are covered with frescoes on the subjects of Church History. Most of the wall frescoes are dedicated to the Dormition of the Holy Virgin. On the pillars there are images of the most highly venerated saints of the Orthodox Church. In the reign of the tsar Ivan IV, who had a particular veneration for St. Sergius, the monastery was surrounded by a stone enclosure topped by 12 towers. After the end of the wars against Tartars and the victory over the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, the tsar began building a large and beautiful church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, a copy of the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral. The walls, the pillars and the vaults are covered with frescoes on the subjects of Church History. Most of the wall frescoes are dedicated to the Dormition of the Holy Virgin. On the pillars there are images of the most highly venerated saints of the Orthodox Church. Monastery - монастырь Monastery - монастырь dedicated to the Dormition dedicated to the Dormition the Mother of God – посвященный Успению Матери Божией the Mother of God – посвященный Успению Матери Божией the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral – Кремлевский Успенский Собор the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral – Кремлевский Успенский Собор covered with frescoes – покрыт фресками covered with frescoes – покрыт фресками Church History –история Церкви Church History –история Церкви the Dormition of the Holy Virgin – Успение Святой Девы the Dormition of the Holy Virgin – Успение Святой Девы images of the most highly venerated saints images of the most highly venerated saints Orthodox Church – изображения самых высоко почитаемых святых Православной Церкви Orthodox Church – изображения самых высоко почитаемых святых Православной Церкви

The magnificent frescoes of the Cathedral were created in 1684 by 35 painters in a 100 days. The frescoes cover the area of 500 square metres. The 5-tier iconostasis consists of 76 icons dated back to the 16th–17th centuries. The celebrated seventeenth- century painter Simon Ushakov, the royal isographer, took part in the creation of the iconostasis. The magnificent frescoes of the Cathedral were created in 1684 by 35 painters in a 100 days. The frescoes cover the area of 500 square metres. The 5-tier iconostasis consists of 76 icons dated back to the 16th–17th centuries. The celebrated seventeenth- century painter Simon Ushakov, the royal isographer, took part in the creation of the iconostasis. In the Dormition Cathedral there are two shrines with the holy relics of St. Filaret (Drozdov 1867) and St. Innokenty (Veniaminov 1879), Metropolitans of Moscow. By the western wall, to the right of the entrance, you can see the tomb of Makarius (Bulgakov 1882), one of Moscow Metropolitans, who created many outstanding works on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and on dogmatic theology. In the Dormition Cathedral there are two shrines with the holy relics of St. Filaret (Drozdov 1867) and St. Innokenty (Veniaminov 1879), Metropolitans of Moscow. By the western wall, to the right of the entrance, you can see the tomb of Makarius (Bulgakov 1882), one of Moscow Metropolitans, who created many outstanding works on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and on dogmatic theology. were created – были созданы were created – были созданы Painter - художник Painter - художник Iconostasis - иконостас Iconostasis - иконостас dated back - датирован dated back - датирован the royal isographer – царский изограф the royal isographer – царский изограф the creation of the iconostasis – создание иконостаса the creation of the iconostasis – создание иконостаса Shrine - святыня Shrine - святыня the holy relics – святые мощи the holy relics – святые мощи Metropolitan - митрополит Metropolitan - митрополит the tomb - могила the tomb - могила dogmatic theology – догматическое богословие dogmatic theology – догматическое богословие

The magnificent frescoes of the Cathedral were created in 1684 by 35 painters in a 100 days. The frescoes cover the area of 500 square metres. The 5-tier iconostasis consists of 76 icons dated back to the 16th–17th centuries. The celebrated seventeenth-century painter Simon Ushakov, the royal isographer, took part in the creation of the iconostasis. The magnificent frescoes of the Cathedral were created in 1684 by 35 painters in a 100 days. The frescoes cover the area of 500 square metres. The 5-tier iconostasis consists of 76 icons dated back to the 16th–17th centuries. The celebrated seventeenth-century painter Simon Ushakov, the royal isographer, took part in the creation of the iconostasis. In the Dormition Cathedral there are two shrines with the holy relics of St. Filaret (Drozdov 1867) and St. Innokenty (Veniaminov 1879), Metropolitans of Moscow. By the western wall, to the right of the entrance, you can see the tomb of Makarius (Bulgakov 1882), one of Moscow Metropolitans, who created many outstanding works on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and on dogmatic theology. In the Dormition Cathedral there are two shrines with the holy relics of St. Filaret (Drozdov 1867) and St. Innokenty (Veniaminov 1879), Metropolitans of Moscow. By the western wall, to the right of the entrance, you can see the tomb of Makarius (Bulgakov 1882), one of Moscow Metropolitans, who created many outstanding works on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and on dogmatic theology. Великолепные фрески Собора были созданы в –ю живописцами за 100 дней. Фрески покрывают область в 500 квадратных метров. Иконостас с 5-ю рядами состоит из 76 изображений, относился к столетиям. Живописец 17- го столетия Симон Ушаков, царский изограф, принял участие в создании иконостаса. В Успенском Соборе есть две святыни со святыми мощами Cв. Филарета (Дроздова 1867) и Cв. Иннокентия (Вениаминова 1879), митрополитов Московских. У западной стены, направо от входа, Вы можете видеть могилу Макария (Булгакова 1882), одного из московских митрополитов, который создал много выдающихся работ по истории Русской Православной Церкви и по догматическому богословию. Великолепные фрески Собора были созданы в –ю живописцами за 100 дней. Фрески покрывают область в 500 квадратных метров. Иконостас с 5-ю рядами состоит из 76 изображений, относился к столетиям. Живописец 17- го столетия Симон Ушаков, царский изограф, принял участие в создании иконостаса. В Успенском Соборе есть две святыни со святыми мощами Cв. Филарета (Дроздова 1867) и Cв. Иннокентия (Вениаминова 1879), митрополитов Московских. У западной стены, направо от входа, Вы можете видеть могилу Макария (Булгакова 1882), одного из московских митрополитов, который создал много выдающихся работ по истории Русской Православной Церкви и по догматическому богословию.

In the reign of the tsar Ivan IV, who had a particular veneration for St. Sergius, the monastery was surrounded by a stone enclosure topped by 12 towers. In the reign of the tsar Ivan IV, who had a particular veneration for St. Sergius, the monastery was surrounded by a stone enclosure topped by 12 towers. В царствование царя Ивана IV, который особенно почитал Святого Сергия, монастырь был окружен каменными стенами, возглавленными 12 башнями. В царствование царя Ивана IV, который особенно почитал Святого Сергия, монастырь был окружен каменными стенами, возглавленными 12 башнями. Башни и стены монастыря

Троицкий Собор Вплотную к Троицкому собору примыкает придел в честь преподобного Никона Радонежского, построенный в 1548 году. Зеленая пристройка к Никоновскому приделу носит название "Палатка трех мощей". В ней находятся мощи святителя Иоасафа, митрополита Московского, святителя Серапиона, архиепископа Новгородского, и преподобного Дионисия Радонежского, в разное время бывших настоятелями монастыря В Троицком соборе в наши дни совершаются монашеские постриги. В 1422 году при строительстве первого каменного храма монастыря, Троицкого, были обретены святые мощи преподобного Сергия, которые и стали главной святыней этого храма.

St. Nikon rebuilt the monastery that had been destroyed during the invasion by Khan Edigei in In 1422 the holy relics of St. Sergius were discovered during the construction of the Trinity Cathedral. St. Nikon commissioned the famous iconographers Andrei Rublev and Daniel the Black to paint the cathedral. The work was finished by St. Nikon died in 1426 and was buried by the southern wall of the Trinity Cathedral, where a church dedicated to him was constructed in 1548, a year after his canonization. The church was rebuilt in At the western wall of it there is a chapel called Serapions Tent, constructed above the tomb of St. Serapion, archbishop of Novgorod. Святой Никон восстановил монастырь, разрушенный во время нашествия хана Едигея в 1408 году. В 1422 году святые мощи святого Сергия были открыты во время реконструкции Троицкого собора. Святой Никон пригласил известных иконописцев Андрея Рублева и Даниила Черного расписать Собор. Работа была закончена в 1425 году. Святой Никон умер в 1426 году и был похоронен у южной стены Троицкого Собора, где церковь, посвященная ему была перестроена в 1548 году, через год после канонизации. Церковь была перестроена в 1623 году. У ее западной стены – часовня Серапиона, построенная над могилой Серапиона, архиепископа Новгородского.

Строительство Трапезного храма было завершено в 1692 году. В честь Преподобного был освящен главный престол этого храма. Первоначальный иконостас храма не сохранился. В Трапезном храме есть еще два малых придела – во имя преподобного Серафима Саровского и святителя Иоасафа Белгородского. Эти приделы были устроены в 50-е годы нашего века Надвратная церковь была построена в 1699 году на средства богатых и именитых людей того времени Строгановых. По завершении строительных работ храм был освящен в честь Рождества святого Иоанна Предтечи – проповедника покаяния

Здание Митрополичьих покоев приобрело современный вид в конце XVIII века. Здесь останавливается Святейший Патриарх Алексий II. Патриарх – настоятель Троице- Сергиевой Лавры, а повседневное управление обителью возложено на патриаршего наместника в сане архимандрита.

Колокольня ( гг.) - самое высокое сооружение монастыря. Ее высота вместе с крестом составляет около 88 м. Построенная по канонам классической архитектуры, колокольня производит впечатление отлично найденными пропорциями ярусов и гармоничным сочетанием плоскостей стен и арочных проемов. Венчает здание необычное завершение в форме раковины. Колокольня - последняя по времени значительная монастырская постройка, своеобразный финальный аккорд уникального архитектурного ансамбля Троице-Сергиевой лавры.

Духовская церковь ( гг.) - оригинальное кирпичное сооружение, особенностью которого является наличие открытой шестипролетной звонницы у основания барабана купола. Ансамбль Соборной площади украшает прекрасная белая церковь Сошествия Святаго Духа на апостолов. Она была построена в 1476–1477 годах псковскими мастерами. У северной стены этой церкви, под спудом, покоятся мощи преподобного Максима Грека.

В 1644 году во время ремонта паперти Успенского собора был обретен целебный источник. От воды из этого источника получил исцеление слепой монах Пафнутий. Последующие чудеса утвердили православный народ в вере в чудодейственность этой воды, и к источнику потянулись страждущие со всех концов России. Часовня над источником была сооружена в конце XVII века. Сень над чашей с крестом – самое позднее архитектурное сооружение нашей обители – была устроена в 1873 году. Памятный обелиск сооружен в 1792 году. На каждой стороне обелиска находятся памятные медальоны, на которых увековечены заслуги Лавры перед Отечеством.