1 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries September 2014 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR THE MUSLIM WORLD – POLICY ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Emeritus Professor Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman Senior Fellow & Founding President, Academy Sciences Malaysia Chairman, Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management (CPTM Ltd), London Formerly Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of Malaysia

2 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries CONTENTS 1.Introduction 2.The K-Economy/ Innovation Economy 3.Status of S&T in OIC Countries 4.OIC Vision 1441 on Science and Technology 5.Vision Moving Forward I - Strengthening S&T Capacity 6.Vision Moving Forward II - Managing the Interface 7.Vision Moving Forward III - Strengthening S,T & Innovation Uptake 8.The Challenge - Getting Started 9.The Challenge - Achieving the TNC for STI 10.Proposal for STI Policy Responses 11.New Initiative for STI Development

3 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries INTRODUCTION Often stated importance of S&T Science is not useful, until it is seen to be useful To be, or to be seen to be, useful science must directly benefit the community The challenge is not only to do good science, but also to harness it for national development/ socio-economic transformation

4 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries GROWTH MODELS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1.Driven by Foreign Borrowing 2.Resulting from Commodity Booms 3.Led by Economic Restructuring and Diversification into production of manufactured and other modern goods and services

5 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries 1.Factor Driven 2.Efficiency Driven 3.Innovation Driven (Malaysia: Transition between 2 and 3) WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – STAGES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

6 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Both Economic Structuring and Innovation Driven Economy dependent on enhanced overall capacity in STI Migration into the KNOWELEDGE- DRIVEN (K) ECONOMY

7 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries There is increasing urgency for capacity to harness Science and Technology in the K-Economy; Make (R&D), Buy (Acquisition, TT) = Make Some, Buy Some Because K-Economy is about increased application of K (Science & Technology) In traditional sectors, using various enabling technologies (ICT, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, New Materials etc.) In new economic sectors which are ICT-based, i.e.: e- or i- or multimedia businesses In governance (i.e. Application of relevant technologies in public and corporate governance) – K-Governance KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN ECONOMY (K-ECONOMY) ALSO INNOVATION ECONOMY

8 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries CHARACTERISTICS OF K-ECONOMY From rigid mass production to flexible network of productive capacities From centralised organisational pyramids to decentralised adaptable structure From people as human resources to people as human capital From the attitude of turn-key technology importation to that of innovative re-engineering for local development of technology From over-dependence on technology imports to technology interdependence and co-development with foreign partners From protected subsidised indistrialisation to competitive production in a globalised world

9 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Changing structure of industry sectors, both in the traditional and hi-tech areas, and the emergence of new industries Changing structure at the firm level – organisation, corporate governance, productions systems, marketing etc. Change in the structure of the economy itself and the emergence of e-economy, which e-commerce is one facet Changing pattern of employment Change in education system, leisure and recreation, and the fulfillment of spiritual needs Knowledge itself become a commodity EFFECTS OF K-ECONOMY

10 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries FORCES DRIVING THE K-ECONOMY Finance Capitalism: the global financial flow that increases availability and cross border mobility of capital; and vigorous growth of venture capital; Knowledge Capitalism: the speed at which new knowledge are generated, new technologies are developed and promoted into commercial products through the growth in organised R&D and innovative processes; and Social Capitalism: the tendency for co-operation. Networking and collaboration to synergise expertise and resources and share risks.

11 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries ACHIEVING THE K-ECONOMY The main requirements of the K-Economy are: Enhanced science advisory and consultative system and processes Enhanced capacity to generate and manage knowledge by both public and corporate sectors Enhanced capacity to evaluate, acquire and utilise knowledge in all economic sectors and in Government Development of human capital (knowledge worker) Creation of the total environment for K-Economy (the K- Economy Ecosystem)

12 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries K-Generation & Acquisition K-Utilisation & Commercialisation Culture of Creativity and Entrepreneurship K-Intensive Governance (Public/Private Sectors) Smart Partnership Processes Human Capital Development Capacity and Capability Building Capacity and Capability Building Entrepreneur Development Entrepreneur Development Science Ethics Practices Socio-economic Transformation National STI Agenda THE K-ECONOMY ECOSYSTEM

13 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries STATUS OF S&T IN OIC COUNTRIES – SOME INDICATORS R&D spending as % of GDP OIC Average: 0.81% World Average: 2.2% EU Average: 1.87% Malaysia (2011): 1.07% Researchers, Scientists and Engineers in R&D OIC: 457/million World: 1549/million Patent Filing – 2010: OIC less than 1.7% of World Total (estimate: 1.98 million)

14 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Number of Published Articles, 2011 Top OIC Countries by Published Articles, 2011 STATUS OF S&T IN OIC COUNTRIES – SOME INDICATORS (Source: SESRIC, 2012)

15 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries GERD, % of World Total Top 10 OIC Countries by GERD (Million, $) Source: Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC), Ankara, Turkey STATUS OF S&T IN OIC COUNTRIES – SOME INDICATORS

16 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries STATUS OF S&T IN OIC COUNTRIES – SOME INDICATORS HTE, % of World Total, 2010 Top 15 OIC Member Countries (HTE Million $), 2010 Source: Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC), Ankara, Turkey

17 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries STATUS OF S&T IN OIC COUNTRIES – GLOBAL COMPARISON Strong – 25 Countries, Mainly OECD Moderate – About 100 Countries including China, India, Brazil, Iran, Malaysia, Turkey Weak – 79 Countries, mainly Sub-Saharan Africa and Islamic Region Source: Mohamed H.A. Hassan, TWAS Newsletter 1, 2007

18 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries OIC Conference on S&T, 7-10 October 2003, Kuala Lumpur Vision 1441 OIC member states are committed to become a community that values knowledge and is competent and is competent in utlising and advancing S&T to enhance the socio-economic well being of the Ummah OIC VISION 1441 ON S&T

19 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries STRATEGIC THRUSTS FOR VISION 1441

20 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries STATUS OF S&T IN OIC COUNTRIES – THE MAKKAH DECLARATION OIC SUMMIT, MAKKAH, DECEMBER 2005 Item 2: Development, Socio-economic and Scientific Issues Sub item V: Higher Education, Science and Technology Calls for priority to be given to S&T, promotion of creativity, innovation and R&D, investment in technology capacity building in advanced technologies including nuclear technology for peaceful uses OIC Ten-Year Plan of Action

21 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries VISION 1441 – FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION Strengthen S&T Capacity People, Institutions, Processes, Passion Promote Technological Innovation through R&D&Technology Acquisition Infrastructure, resources, linkages for collaboration, processes Enhance Transference of Innovation to Marketplace – Managing the Interface Complementary skills, capital, industry linkages, processes Promote Capacity for Science, Technology & Innovation Uptake SCIENCETECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONUTILISATION

22 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries VISION MOVING FORWARD STRENGTHENING S&T CAPACITY Total Human Resources Requirement – the S&T Human Resource Pyramid Holistic Human Capital Development Technology Management Best Practice New Initiative – the OIC Technology Atlas Project Case Study No. 1 - Malaysia

23 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries THE S&T HUMAN RESOURCE PYRAMID Practitioners / Implementers Educators Managers Planners Popularisers Advisors Champions

24 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Is the inclusive approach to the development of the full human potentials. The objective is to create human capital i.e. productive assets in the form of human competencies or a portfolio of different skills and assets required by both industry and government

25 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Holistic Human Capital development encompasses the practices and the environment to develop: Intellectual capital Skills capital Social capital Entrepreneurial capital Psychological capital and Spiritual capital Within individuals

26 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Holistic Human Capital Model INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL Nurtured through formal and informal education – logical, strategic though process SKILLS CAPITAL Codified and tacit knowledge; technical skills from training or acquired through experience SPIRITUAL CAPITAL Ethical values and principles, rignht and wrong, Smart Partnership ethos and practices SOCIAL CAPITAL Social skills, communication, cooperativeness, networking; smart partnership principles enhance social capital PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL Commitment, passion, dedication, confidence and belief in self ENTREPRENEURSHIP CAPITAL Creativity, Innovativeness and entreprneurship Holistic Human Capital Development Model

27 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries The product of Holistic Human Capital Development is a knowledge-worker or knowledge manager par excellence HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

28 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries The Knowledge Worker Ability to provide solutions, working alone or in a group Possession of a core competency and creativity, which is enhanced by mastery of ICT High motivation, adaptable and open to learning, including self-learning and re-learning; and prepared to master new skills Being a risk taker, able to work boundary less and even borderless Work ethics based on Smart Partnership values (respect, trust, tolerance and transparency) HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT A knowledge-worker is therefore characterised by:

29 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT A Knowledge-manager possesses or is capable of developing the following assets: General management human capital Strategic human capital Domain-specific human capital (industry or public sector specific expertise) Relationship human capital Company/institution-specific human capital

30 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries WorkplaceUniversitySchoolHome The Process of HHC Development must begin in the home and carried through to the working place The environment at home must be conducive to the learning process at an early stage, encourage inquisitiveness and creativity The school system must adopt an innovative teacher- pupil relationship and a learning process promoting creativity, innovativeness and entrepreneurship; the assessment system must be encourage thinking out of the box As per the requirements in school fostering a culture of life-long learning, unlearning; commitment to R&D Open, flexible system that encourages team work, rewards creativity and entrepreneurship; and promotes wellness culture HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

31 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Technology Management as defined by CPTM in 1997 is as follows: The mechanism, processes and infrastructure needed to foster, promote, manage and sustain the development of scientific knowledge and technological innovation and related skills and expertise for the attainment and sustainability of the overall national development objectives TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE

32 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Ten components of technology management as defined above, based on the experience of Malaysia, are identified: Political Commitment Policy Integration S&T Advisory System S&T Development Planning, Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation Infrastructure for STI Development and Acquisition Funding and Management of R&D Mechanism for Commercialisation of Research and Technology Integrated Human Resource Development Mechanism for S&T Enculturisation Smart Partnership and Science Ethics Principles and Practices TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – THE COMPONENTS

33 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – MALAYSIAS ACHIEVEMENT

34 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – MALAYSIAS ACHIEVEMENT

35 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – MALAYSIAS ACHIEVEMENT

36 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – MALAYSIAS ACHIEVEMENT

37 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – MALAYSIAS ACHIEVEMENT

38 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE – MALAYSIAS ACHIEVEMENT

39 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries VISION 1441 – MOVING FORWARD II MANAGNG THE INTERFACE Environment for Creativity Infrastructure for Innovation Ecosystem for Entrepreneurship Financing and Incubating New Businesses

40 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries CREATIVITY, INNOVATIVENESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP The Environment for CREATIVITY Creativity: curiosity driven, an attitude of mind, a thinking process, not taking things for granted, not accepting the conventional, keeping an open mind; thinking out of the box; Everyone is born creative Environment to promote creativity at home, at school, at workplace (the milieu)

41 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries CREATIVITY, INNOVATIVENESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP Creativity: an academic definition A creative individual is a person who regularly solves problems, fashion products or defines new questions in a domain in a way that is initially considered novel but that ultimately becomes accepted in a particular cultural setting Howard Gardner, 1993

42 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries CREATIVITY, INNOVATIVENESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP The Infrastructure for INNOVATION Innovation: Result of Creativity In context of STI, innovations from R&D New products New processes Productivity increases Algorithm New Algorithm Hard infrastructure Soft infrastructure Competent and creative people, conducive workplace, enlightened leadership People interaction/ networking, collaboration; ethos of Smart Partnership

43 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries CREATIVITY, INNOVATIVENESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP ………innovation to bring positive change, novelty, improvement and enhancement spans methods, systems, service offerings, sales and marketing techniques, accounting and numerous aspects of understanding and caring for customers Barrell, Herriot and Mitchell, 1992 Innovation – the wider interpretation

44 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Innovation – the creation of new customer value in the marketplace with a sustainable business model for the enterprise producing it. Dennis Tsu, (SRI International), 2012 What is innovation?

45 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries ECO-SYSTEM FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP Entrepreneurship – Creativity to turn ideas, products, process into profitable businesses MARKETING CONSULTANTS PR FIRMS ADVERTISING FIRMS REAL ESTATE AGENTS BUSINESS, PROFESSIONALS & CIVIC ORGANISATIONS BUSINESS CONSULTANT EQUIPMENT/ SUPPLIES VENDORS EDUCATIONAL & RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS LAW FIRMS ACCOUNTING FIRMS TEMPORARY & CONTRACT WORKERS HR RESEARCH FIRMS MOBILE WORKFORCE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES & POLICIES TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS

46 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries PROGRAMME IN CREATIVITY ENHANCEMENT Purpose: To promote and enhance inborn curiosity and inquisitiveness To identify cultural and other inhibitors to creativity Action Develop a creativity movement at national level to create conducive environment at home, at school and universities, and the workplace: informal or formal programme (e.g.: creative and cultural education, UK) Develop OIC-wide creativity programmes

47 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries PROMOTION OF INNOVATION IN R&D Purpose: To encourage creative approach to R&D and R&D management To allow cross fertilisation of ideas To create the critical mass Action Develop programme to train competent R&D managers Create mechanism for inter-institution collaboration nationally (e.g. Cooperative Research Centres, Australia) and internationally Establish OIC Centres of Excellence in specific disciplines (international collaboration tapping Muslim expertise worldwide)

48 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Purpose: To develop in young people financial, business, and entrepreneurial skills through education and hands-on experience Action Establish in-school and after-school programmes – eg: the Youngbiz Inc. programme in the USA and the Youngbiz UK programme in England Establish special training programme for young people (mini MBAs) – eg: NFTE (National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship to Youth, USA); PHASER Programme (PRIMA and Ministry of Entrepreneurship Development, Malaysia) Encourage innovative new ventures through business plan competitions (eg: MIT $50k Entrepreneurship Competition)

49 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries FINANCING AND INCUBATING NEW BUSINESSES Purpose: To create appropriate environment, financial and regulatory framework for development of new business ventures Action Establish business incubators appropriate for need of country (eg: Technology Park Malaysia; MSC Project) Establish early financing mechanism to support entrepreneurs (pre-idea; idea; seed funds) (e.g. Cradle Fund) Promote development of venture capital companies and technology banks (e.g. MAVCAP, MTDC, MODAL PERDANA) Establish special mechanism for dealing in technology stock and shares (NESDAQ, USA and AIM, UK) Establish OIC-wide venture funds

50 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries VISION MOVING FORWARD III STRENGTHENING S,T & INNOVATION UPTAKE (Industry/ Company Level) Total Human Resource Pyramid for Technology Uptake Technology Management Best Practice for Technology Uptake

51 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries HUMAN RESOURCE PYRAMID FOR TECHNOLOGY UPTAKE

52 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICE FOR TECHNOLOGY UPTAKE Commitment to technology upgrade Business policy integration S&T business advisory Business development planning STI infrastructure Budget for technology acquisition & development Human capital development Smart partnership practices

53 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries THE CHALLENGE – GETTING STARTED Champion(s) for moving Vision 1441 National Focal Points OIC Coordinating Points Compiling world-wide experiences Forum for sharing experiences and identifying best practices Smart Partnership framework for collaboration Monitoring progress

54 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries THE CHALLENGE – ACHIEVING THE TOTAL NATIONAL CAPACITY IN STI The TNC in STI comprises: 1.A government committed to providing a comprehensive STI physical and soft- infrastructure; 2.A scientific community, ethical and competent and able to contribute to and draw from the global pool of scientific knowledge and technological know-how; 3.A private sector capable of creating wealth through the application of technology and innovation in all sectors of the economy; 4.A society that is science literate, imbued with a culture of creativity, innovativeness and entrepreneurship; and 5.An efficient governance system enabling effective policy making, planning, implementation and public debate and international collaborations that ensures long-term commitment to STI development.

55 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIO ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Technology for Basic Needs Technology for Quality of Life Technology for Wealth Creation & Economic Competitiveness Technology for Good Governance TEMPLATE NO. 5 - TOTAL NATIONAL CAPACITY HOLISTIC HUMAN CAPITAL SMART PARTNERSHIP The Rationale – The Need for TNC to Leverage Critical Technologies To Achieve Socio Economic Transformation MANPOWER ENABLERS PROCESS ENABLERS 1.Committed Govt. 2.Capable Scientific Community 3.Innovative Private Sector 4.Science Literate Society 5.Efficient Governance System CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES

56 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries PROPOSAL FOR STI POLICY RESPONSES 1.Increasing knowledge intensity in traditional economic sector 2.Increasing productivity, innovative capacity and competitiveness in manufacturing and targetted economic sectors 3.Intensifying the capacity for knowledge generation and acqusition 4.Education and human capital development (STI Professionals and STI Workers) 5.Intensifying knowledge content in public/ private sector governance 6.Enhancement of entrepreneur development 7.Innovative financing mechanism and support system for commercialisation of technology and innovation

57 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries PROPOSAL FOR STI POLICY RESPONSES 8.Creating a national culture of creativity and innovation 9.Enhancing knowledge management 10.Promoting science ethics and smart partnership ethos and practices 11.Securing private sector buy-in 12.Enhancing the STI advisory system 13.Enhancing knowledge in topics of public interest (safety, health, security and environment) 14.Enhancing STI governance 15.Enacting necessary legislation

58 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries NEW INITIATIVE FOR STI DEVELOPMENT ISTIC – International Science, Technology and Innovation Centre for South-South Corporation (launched 22nd May 2008) UNESCO-Malaysian Government (MOSTI) Active participation of ISESCO and COMSTECH

59 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries ISTIC PRIORITY ACTION PROGRAMME STI Policy for Development Capacity Building Collaborative Initiatives with Existing STI Network WEHAB (Water, Energy, Health, Agriculture and Biodiversity) New Technologies

60 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries STI POLICY FOR DEVELOPMENT ISTICs Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Advisory Centre ISPAC ISTICs Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Advisory Centre To assist UNESCO member countries in developing capacity to formulate and implement a sound STI policy in support of national development objectives

61 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries PHASES OF ENGAGEMENT 1.Sensitisation, commitment and preliminary assessment 2.Review priorities of need in government and industry 3.Status review of priority areas 4.Development of Action Plan ISTIC Team = National Core Team National Core Team: Responsible for final formulation of STI Policy and implementation programmes

62 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries ISTICs Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Advisory Centre (ISPAC) Coordinator: Emeritus Professor Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman Collaborating Organisations: Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management (CPTM), London Perdana School of STI Policy, UTM, Malaysia PRIMA Asia Pacific Consulting, Malaysia ISTIC – Website:

63 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author(s). 10 th Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Management Training Course for Researchers in OIC Countries Omar Abdul Rahman