The Kazakh National Medical University named after S.J.Asfendiyarov Тheme: Examination of the patient Department of foreign languages Faculty: General Medicine Course: 1 Group: Made by: Turapova Aidyn Checked by: Tilemissova Zhansaya

Plan: What is examination of the patient ? Basic methods of examining the patient Basic methods of examining the patient Еxternal examination of the patient

Examination of the patient is a complex of medical research, with the help of which the general and local signs of the disease are identified and the general condition of the patient's organism is assessed.Based on the results of the patient's examination, they choose the most appropriate tactics and methods of treatment, determining the indications and contraindications to these or other therapeutic measures.

Methods of examining the patient are divided into general, used in the study of any patient, and special, used with appropriate indications. General methods of examining the patient are divided into basic and additional. Methods of examining the patient are divided into general, used in the study of any patient, and special, used with appropriate indications. General methods of examining the patient are divided into basic and additional. The main methods of examining the patient - interrogation, examination, palpation, percussion and auscultation of the patient. The main methods of examining the patient - interrogation, examination, palpation, percussion and auscultation of the patient.

1. The patient's questioning begins with the identification of "passport" data that help to suspect or exclude diseases that are peculiar to one or another age, sex, profession, the locality in which the patient lives. Then they find out the patient's complaints, which to a certain extent can guide the examiner in relation to the disease of one or another organ. Then proceed to collect the anamnesis (see). 2. The examination often precedes the questioning, since the pathological signs noted at the first communication with the patient, for example, goitre, eyelids, etc., provide significant help in raising questions when collecting an anamnesis and sometimes allow you to put the correct diagnosis "at first sight".

In a walking patient, attention is paid to posture and gait. On the patient's posture in many cases it is possible to draw a conclusion about the general tone, the development of muscles, the state of the psyche, the presence of the disease. The walk of the patient along with the posture reflects his state of health, his mood. A number of diseases cause a change in gait (sciatica, joints, bones, circulatory disorders in the lower extremities, etc.). The position of the patient in bed can be active, passive and forced. Active position usually corresponds to a satisfactory condition, but it can also be in the initial stages of even incurable, severe diseases. A passive situation occurs in cases of extreme weakness and loss of consciousness.

On examination, general or local edema, elephantiasis, veins, visible pulsation of arteries can be detected. When examining the muscles determine their development, hypertrophy, atrophy, etc. Lymph nodes can be detected only when they are significantly enlarged.On examination, attention is paid to color, elasticity, skin moisture, various rashes and scars. Pale skin color is observed with anemia, spasm of cutaneous vessels. Excessive hyperemia of the skin can be associated with polycythemia

When examining the limbs, there are violations of movements that can be associated with the disease of bones, joints, damage to the nervous system (paralysis, atrophy, contracture), the presence of edema, bone growths in the joints, etc. Palpation (see) makes it possible to judge the pain, density, changes in the position and shape of the palpable organs. Percussion (see) allows you to determine the size, boundaries and shape of organs, as well as diagnose pathological changes in them (densification, the presence of fluid in the cavities, etc.) to change the nature of the percussion sound. Auscultation (see) allows you to determine the change in physiological sounds resulting from the activities of various organs (heart, lungs, intestines).

Anamnesis should be as objective as possible. Analyzing the past exacerbation of the disease, it is necessary to determine, as much as possible, what the number of leukocytes and platelets of peripheral blood was in that period, whether the parameters of serum bilirubin, aminotransferases, gamma globulin, cholinesterase changed, whether instrumental studies were performed- endoscopy of the esophagus and stomach, puncture biopsy liver, radionuclide scintigraphy of the liver, etc. What were the results of the studies carried out. One of the important tasks in the study of anamnesis is the detection of the etiology of the disease, primarily the virus.