«Astana Medical Universityі» JSC t Done by: Yermekbay S.B. Group: 439 Checked by: Yersakhanova B. K Department Astana 2019

Plan Definition Etiology Risk factors Abscess forms Symptoms of a pharyngeal abscess Diagnostics Treatment of a pharyngeal abscess Complications and consequences Preventing a pharyngeal abscess

Retropharyngeal abscess is a purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes and the loose tissue of the swallowed space (the area behind the pharynx). This disease is more common in children than in adults.

The occipital space is the area behind the pharynx, from above it is bounded by the base of the skull, below by the mediastinum (the space in the middle section of the chest where the heart, thymus gland are located; the key blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves pass through it). From the sides, the pharyngeal space is limited by the carotid arteries, in front - by the fascia (connective tissue sheath, forming the case for muscles) of the cheek-pharyngeal muscle, behind - by the fascia of the long muscles of the neck.

Retropharyngeal abscess is more common in children than in adults. This is due to the fact that loose fiber and lymph nodes in the pharyngeal space developed to the age of 4-5 years. In adults, the lymphatic nodes of the obstructive space are less developed due to their atrophy (size reduction and loss of function) in a natural way.

As a result of an infectious process (streptococcal, staphylococcal and other infections). Most commonly, adults have a cold abscess, i.e., a pharyngeal abscess that develops due to affection of the cervical vertebrae in tuberculosis or syphilis (a sexually transmitted disease affecting the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, bones, and the nervous system). Injury of the upper cervical vertebrae.

Trauma to the posterior pharyngeal wall (for example, by swallowing a foreign body, as a result of tracheal intubation, or by conducting diagnostic measures, such as endoscopy of the duodenum. As a complication of food or respiratory infection (as a result of the spread of the process through the lymphatic ducts). Weakened organism / reduced immunity (for example, against the background of chronic, oncological diseases) are also predisposing factors for the development of a pharyngeal abscess.

Inflammation in the posterior nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities Early childhood (usually up to 2 years) Injuries to the posterior pharyngeal wall (foreign body, solid food in adults). Ways of infection Infection of the pharyngeal lymph nodes along the lymphatic outflow from inflammatory foci of the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities Result of acute infection (flu, measles, scarlet fever) Direct damage to the pharyngeal wall.

Depending on the location of inflammation emit: abscess of the upper pharynx; abscess of the oral pharynx; abscess of the lower part.

Increase in body temperature to ° C; Weakness. Excessive perspiration. Forced position of the head (with a tilt to the sore side and back). Increased salivation. Difficult and painful opening of the mouth. Swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes in the mandibular region, also the lateral upper cervical. Tension of the occipital muscles.

Depending on the location of the abscess, additional symptoms may be present. ABSCESS OF THE TOP SIP DEPT: difficulty nasal breathing; Nasalism ABSCESS ROTARY PART OF SIPS: swallowing disorder; wheezing when breathing. ABSCESS OF THE DOWN SIPDING DEPARTMENT (THERE IS DECREASE IN THE EDGE OF THE EYE AND TRAHEA): difficulty breathing (especially in a horizontal position); wheezing, wheezing; difficulty passing food through the esophagus; hoarseness.

Analysis of the history of the disease (the presence of infectious processes that contribute to the development of the swallow process, neck or throat injuries in history, etc.). Analysis of complaints of the disease (the presence of typical symptoms: an increase and tenderness of the lymph nodes, altered breathing, impaired swallowing, etc.). General examination (external examination of the neck, its shape, position, etc.). Pharyngoscopy (inspection of the pharynx with artificial light) in which it is possible to detect redness, protrusion of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall, sharply painful at palpation. X-ray diagnostics (CT, X-ray of the pharynx) in order to identify purulent foci. Diagnosis for tuberculosis, syphilis

Hospitalization (treatment is carried out in conditions of an ENT department). Antibacterial therapy. Surgical treatment (opening of a purulent focus after preliminary aspiration (suction) of pus is performed under local anesthesia). Thermal procedures (physiotherapy) at the initial stage or the stage of subsiding of the symptoms of the disease Gargling with disinfectant solutions. Appointment of fortifying therapy (taking multivitamins, vitamin C).

Obstruction (squeezing and blocking) of the respiratory tract, as a result of which difficulty in breathing develops up to the complete obstruction of the respiratory tract. Mediastinitis (inflammation of the mediastinum: heart, aorta). Epidural abscess (abscess under the hard shell of the brain). Sepsis (the spread of the infectious process with blood flow throughout the body). Damage to the carotid artery wall. Risk of death

Timely detection and treatment of infections of the respiratory and digestive systems, ENT organs. Immunity strengthening: full night's sleep (at least 8 hours); balanced and rational nutrition (eating foods high in fiber (vegetables, fruits, greens), avoiding canned, fried, spicy, hot foods); hardening; taking multivitamins in the autumn-winter period.

Obstruction (squeezing and blocking) of the respiratory tract, as a result of which difficulty in breathing develops up to the complete obstruction of the respiratory tract. Mediastinitis (inflammation of the mediastinum: heart, aorta). Epidural abscess (abscess under the hard shell of the brain). Sepsis (the spread of the infectious process with blood flow throughout the body). Damage to the carotid artery wall. Risk of death

1 S.Z. Piskunov, G.Z. Piskunov // p Vishnyakov V.V. Opportunities for drug and surgical treatment of polypous rhinosinusitis // Russian rhinology p Gavrilova I.S., Popov V.V. Modern methods of endonasal endoscopic treatment of liposic maximus etmoiditis // Ibid. - p Kozlov V.S., Shilenkova V.V., Shilenkov A.A. Sinusitis: a modern view of the problem // Consilium Medicum Vol C Kolebanova I.G. [et al.] / Polypous rhinosinusitis. Modern view on treatment. Dialogue of the surgeon and therapist / Russian rhinology P

Obstruction (squeezing and blocking) of the respiratory tract, as a result of which difficulty in breathing develops up to the complete obstruction of the respiratory tract. Mediastinitis (inflammation of the mediastinum: heart, aorta). Epidural abscess (abscess under the hard shell of the brain). Sepsis (the spread of the infectious process with blood flow throughout the body). Damage to the carotid artery wall. Risk of death