Основные случаи употребления форм глагола в действительном залоге Яровая Оксана Станиславовна учитель английского языка МБОУ «СОШ 120» г. Казань, Республика Татарстан Данная презентация разработана для УМК М.З.Биболетовой «Enjoy English». Представляет грамматический материал по теме «Основные случаи употребления форм глагола в действительном залоге». Также может использоваться как дидактический материал при работе с другими УМК.

Simple Tenses Simple Tenses Simple Tenses Simple Tenses Continuous Tenses Continuous Tenses Continuous Tenses Continuous Tenses Perfect Tenses Perfect Tenses Perfect Tenses Perfect Tenses Perfect Continuous Tenses Perfect Continuous Tenses Perfect Continuous Tenses Perfect Continuous Tenses

Present Indefinite/Simple + I play He plays She plays It plays We play You play They play I write He writes She writes It writes We write You write They write - I do not play He does not play She does not play It does not play We do not play You do not play They do not play I do not write He does not write She does not write It does not write We do not write You do not write They do not write ? Do I play Does he play Does she play Does it play Do we play Do you play Do they play Do I write Does he write Does she write Does it write Do we write Do you write Do they write

Общеизвестные факты, являющиеся неопровержимой истиной. Общеизвестные факты, являющиеся неопровержимой истиной. Water freezes at zero. The world is round. Действие обычное, регулярно повторяющееся в настоящем (every day, usually, often, never, sometimes). Действие обычное, регулярно повторяющееся в настоящем (every day, usually, often, never, sometimes). I often write letters to my sister. Ряд последовательных действий в настоящем (at first, then, after). Ряд последовательных действий в настоящем (at first, then, after). I come to the office, look through the mail and then answer the letters. В придаточных предложениях времени и В придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов: if, when, as soon as, условия после союзов: if, when, as soon as, before, вместо Future Indefinite/Simple. before, вместо Future Indefinite/Simple. As soon as I write the letter Ill post it immediately.

Вместо Continuous с глаголами, обозначающими восприятие, умственную деятельность, чувства: to see, to feel, to hear, to like, to love, to hate, to want, to need, to prefer, to know, to realize, to suppose, to mean, to understand, to believe, to remember, to contain, to depend, to seem, to wish, to desire, to notice, to forget, to recognize, to appear, to possess, to contain, с глаголами to be, to belong, to consist. Вместо Continuous с глаголами, обозначающими восприятие, умственную деятельность, чувства: to see, to feel, to hear, to like, to love, to hate, to want, to need, to prefer, to know, to realize, to suppose, to mean, to understand, to believe, to remember, to contain, to depend, to seem, to wish, to desire, to notice, to forget, to recognize, to appear, to possess, to contain, с глаголами to be, to belong, to consist. I hear a noise. Обещания с глаголами to promise, to suggest, to apologise, to advise, to insist, to agree, to refuse. Обещания с глаголами to promise, to suggest, to apologise, to advise, to insist, to agree, to refuse. I promise I wont be late.

Past Indefinite/Simple + I played He played She played It played We played You played They played I wrote He wrote She wrote It wrote We wrote You wrote They wrote - I did not play He did not play She did not play It did not play We did not play You did not play They did not play I did not write He did not write She did not write It did not write We did not write You did not write They did not write ? Did I play Did he play Did she play Did it play Did we play Did you play Did they play Did I write Did he write Did she write Did it write Did we write Did you write Did they write

Фиксированные действия в прошлом (yesterday, two days ago, last year, in1915). Фиксированные действия в прошлом (yesterday, two days ago, last year, in1915). Yesterday I wrote a letter to my sister. (вопросы, начинающиеся с when). (вопросы, начинающиеся с when). When did you write a letter? (today, this week, ever, never, yet + слова, фиксирующие действия в прошлом). (today, this week, ever, never, yet + слова, фиксирующие действия в прошлом). I never wrote such letters when I was a child. Регулярно повторяющиеся или последовательные действия в прошлом(every day, often, usually, at first, then, after). Регулярно повторяющиеся или последовательные действия в прошлом(every day, often, usually, at first, then, after). I wrote letters to my sister every week.

Future Indefinite/Simple + I will play He will play She will play It will play We will play You will play They will play I will write He will write She will write It will write We will write You will write They will write - I will not play He will not play She will not play It will not play We will not play You will not play They will not play I will not write He will not write She will not write It will not write We will not write You will not write They will not write ? Will I play Will he play Will she play Will it play Will we play Will you play Will they play Will I write Will he write Will she write Will it write Will we write Will you write Will they write

Действия, относящиеся к будущему(tomorrow, next week, next year). Действия, относящиеся к будущему(tomorrow, next week, next year). Tomorrow I will write a letter to my sister. Повторяющиеся действия в будущем(every day, often, always). Повторяющиеся действия в будущем(every day, often, always). I will often write letters to my sister. Ряд последовательных действий в Ряд последовательных действий в будущем(at first, then, after). будущем(at first, then, after). I will come home and then I will write a letter to my sister.

Present Continuous/Progressive + I am playing He is playing She is playing It is playing We are playing You are playing They are playing I am writing He is writing She is writing It is writing We are writing You are writing They are writing - I am not playing He is not playing She is not playing It is not playing We are not playing You are not playing They are not playing I am not writing He is not writing She is not writing It is not writing We are not writing You are not writing They are not writing ? Am I playing Is he playing Is she playing Is it playing Are we playing Are you playing Are they playing Am I writing Is he writing Is she writing Is it writing Are we writing Are you writing Are they writing

Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в настоящий момент(now, at the present moment). Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в настоящий момент(now, at the present moment). I am writing a letter to my sister now, dont bother me. Действие, запланированное на ближайшее будущее. Образуется от глаголов, обозначающих движение: go, start, come, leave(tomorrow, by 5 oclock train). Действие, запланированное на ближайшее будущее. Образуется от глаголов, обозначающих движение: go, start, come, leave(tomorrow, by 5 oclock train). I am coming in a minute. Вместо форм будущего времени (Future) в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов: if, when, as soon as, before. Вместо форм будущего времени (Future) в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов: if, when, as soon as, before. If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.

Past Continuous/Progressive + I was playing He was playing She was playing It was playing We were playing You were playing They were playing I was writing He was writing She was writing It was writing We were writing You were writing They were writing - I was not playing He was not playing She was not playing It was not playing We were not playing You were not playing They were not playing I was not writing He was not writing She was not writing It was not writing We were not writing You were not writing They were not writing ? Was I playing Was he playing Was she playing Was it playing Were we playing Were you playing Were they playing Was I writing Was he writing Was she writing Was it writing Were we writing Were you writing Were they writing

Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в определенный момент в прошлом(at 7 oclock, at the moment, then). Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в определенный момент в прошлом(at 7 oclock, at the moment, then). What were you doing at 7 oclock yesterday? - I was writing a letter. Действие, протекавшее в момент, когда произошло какое- либо другое действие. (Это другое действие выражается в форме Past Indefinite/Simple). Действие, протекавшее в момент, когда произошло какое- либо другое действие. (Это другое действие выражается в форме Past Indefinite/Simple). (В придаточных предложениях (В придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся со времени, начинающихся со слова when). слова when). He was writing a letter when I entered the room.

Параллельные действия в прошлом (в одно и то же время). (В придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся со слова while). Параллельные действия в прошлом (в одно и то же время). (В придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся со слова while). I was writing a letter while he was looking through the newspapers. Действие, протекавшее в ограниченный период времени (когда в предложении подчеркивается длительность процесса). Такие же действия могут выражаться формой Past Indefinite/Simple, когда нас интересует факт Действие, протекавшее в ограниченный период времени (когда в предложении подчеркивается длительность процесса). Такие же действия могут выражаться формой Past Indefinite/Simple, когда нас интересует факт совершения действия, а не совершения действия, а не его длительность(from…till, его длительность(from…till, all day long, the whole month). all day long, the whole month). I was writing a letter from 7 till 8 oclock last night.

Future Continuous/Progressive + I will be playing He will be playing She will be playing It will be playing We will be playing You will be playing They will be playing I will be writing He will be writing She will be writing It will be writing We will be writing You will be writing They will be writing - I will not be playing He will not be playing She will not be playing It will not be playing We will not be playing You will not be playing They will not be playing I will not be writing He will not be writing She will not be writing It will not be writing We will not be writing You will not be writing They will not be writing ? Will I be playing Will he be playing Will she be playing Will it be playing Will we be playing Will you be playing Will they be playing Will I be writing Will he be writing Will she be writing Will it be writing Will we be writing Will you be writing Will they be writing

Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в определенный момент в будущем(at 7 oclock). Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в определенный момент в будущем(at 7 oclock). What will you be doing tomorrow at 7 oclock in the evening?-Ill be writing a letter. Действие, которое будет совершаться, протекать в тот момент, когда произойдет другое действие. Это другое действие выражается глаголом в форме Present Indefinite/Simple. Действие, которое будет совершаться, протекать в тот момент, когда произойдет другое действие. Это другое действие выражается глаголом в форме Present Indefinite/Simple. (В придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся со слова when). He will be writing a letter when I come. Параллельные действия в будущем (в одно и то же время). В придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся со слова while). Параллельные действия в будущем (в одно и то же время). В придаточных предложениях времени, начинающихся со слова while). I will be writing a letter while he will be looking through the newspapers. I will be writing a letter while he will be looking through the newspapers.

Present Perfect + I have played He has played She has played It has played We have played You have played They have played I have written He has written She has written It has written We have written You have written They have written - I have not played He has not played She has not played It has not played We have not played You have not played They have not played I have not written He has not written She has not written It has not written We have not written You have not written They have not written ? Have I played Has he played Has she played Has it played Have we played Have you played Have they played Have I written Has he written Has she written Has it written Have we written Have you written Have they written

Действие, совершившееся в прошлом, но имеющее непосредственную связь с настоящим моментом. Без уточнения времени. Действие, совершившееся в прошлом, но имеющее непосредственную связь с настоящим моментом. Без уточнения времени. I have written the letter. Действие, имевшее место в неистекший период времени в настоящем, которое может повториться(today, this week, this month, this year). Действие, имевшее место в неистекший период времени в настоящем, которое может повториться(today, this week, this month, this year). This week I have written many letters to my sister. С наречиями неопределенного С наречиями неопределенного времени: never, ever, yet, already, времени: never, ever, yet, already, lately, recently. lately, recently. I have never written such letters.

Со словом since. Со словом since. He left in spring and he hasnt written to me since. С глаголами восприятия to see, to hear, с глаголами to be, to know обычно вместо Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive.(Переводится настоящим временем). С глаголами восприятия to see, to hear, с глаголами to be, to know обычно вместо Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive.(Переводится настоящим временем). I have been here since 2 oclock. Вместо Future Perfect в придаточных Вместо Future Perfect в придаточных предложениях времени и условия предложениях времени и условия после союзов: if, when, после союзов: if, when, as soon as, before. as soon as, before. Ill go to the Crimea after I have taken my exams.

Past Perfect + I had played He had played She had played It had played We had played You had played They had played I had written He had written She had written It had written We had written You had written They had written - I had not played He had not played She had not played It had not played We had not played You had not played They had not played I had not written He had not written She had not written It had not written We had not written You had not written They had not written ? Had I played Had he played Had she played Had it played Had we played Had you played Had they played Had I written Had he written Had she written Had it written Had we written Had you written Had they written

Действие закончилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент определяется: Действие закончилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент определяется: - Обстоятельством времени, оформленным посредством предлога by (by…oclock, by the 15th of March, by the end of the week). - Обстоятельством времени, оформленным посредством предлога by (by…oclock, by the 15th of March, by the end of the week). Yesterday by 7 oclock I had written a letter to my sister. - Другим прошедшим действием, - Другим прошедшим действием, которое произошло позднее и которое произошло позднее и которое выражается глаголом которое выражается глаголом в Past Indefinite/Simple(before). в Past Indefinite/Simple(before). I had written a letter to my sister before he came.

Future Perfect + I will have played He will have played She will have played It will have played We will have played You will have played They will have played I will have written He will have written She will have written It will have written We will have written You will have written They will have written - I will not have played He will not have played She will not have played It will not have played We will not have played You will not have played They will not have played I will not have written He will not have written She will not have written It will not have written We will not have written You will not have written They will not have written ? Will I have played Will he have played Will she have played Will it have played Will we have played Will you have played Will they have played Will I have written Will he have written Will she have written Will it have written Will we have written Will you have written Will they have written

Действие, которое будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем. Этот момент определяется: Действие, которое будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем. Этот момент определяется: - Обстоятельством времени, оформленным посредством предлога by (by…oclock, by the 15th of March, by the end of the week). - Обстоятельством времени, оформленным посредством предлога by (by…oclock, by the 15th of March, by the end of the week). Ill have written the letter to my sister by 7 oclock (tomorrow). - Другим будущим временем, - Другим будущим временем, которое выражается глаголом в которое выражается глаголом в Present Indefinite/Simple(before). Present Indefinite/Simple(before). Ill have written the letter to my sister before you come.

Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive + I have been playing He has been playing She has been playing It has been playing We have been playing You have been playing They have been playing I have been writing He has been writing She has been writing It has been writing We have been writing You have been writing They have been writing - I have not been playing He has not been playing She has not been playing It has not been playing We have not been playing You have not been playing They have not been playing I have not been writing He has not been writing She has not been writing It has not been writing We have not been writing You have not been writing They have not been writing ? Have I been playing Has he been playing Has she been playing Has it been playing Have we been playing Have you been playing Have they been playing Have I been writing Has he been writing Has she been writing Has it been writing Have we been writing Have you been writing Have they been writing

Действие, начавшееся до настоящего момента, длившееся в течение некоторого периода времени и продолжающееся в момент речи или закончившееся непосредственно перед моментом речи. Действие, начавшееся до настоящего момента, длившееся в течение некоторого периода времени и продолжающееся в момент речи или закончившееся непосредственно перед моментом речи. - Указан весь период действия до момента речи (for 2 hours, for a month, for the last 2 days/years)(В вопросах How long…? Since when…?). - Указан весь период действия до момента речи (for 2 hours, for a month, for the last 2 days/years)(В вопросах How long…? Since when…?). I have been writing this letter for 2 hours. - Указан начальный момент - Указан начальный момент действия (since 5 oclock, действия (since 5 oclock, since yesterday)(В вопросах since yesterday)(В вопросах Since when…?). Since when…?). I have been writing this letter since 3 oclock.

Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive + I had been playing He had been playing She had been playing It had been playing We had been playing You had been playing They had been playing I had been writing He had been writing She had been writing It had been writing We had been writing You had been writing They had been writing - I had not been playing He had not been playing She had not been playing It had not been playing We had not been playing You had not been playing They had not been playing I had not been writing He had not been writing She had not been writing It had not been writing We had not been writing You had not been writing They had not been writing ? Had I been playing Had he been playing Had she been playing Had it been playing Had we been playing Had you been playing Had they been playing Had I been writing Had he been writing Had she been writing Had it been writing Had we been writing Had you been writing Had they been writing

Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось ранее другого действия, выражаемого обычно формой Past Indefinite/Simple, и при наступлении этого действия все еще некоторое время продолжалось или было прервано. Для выражения длительного действия, которое началось ранее другого действия, выражаемого обычно формой Past Indefinite/Simple, и при наступлении этого действия все еще некоторое время продолжалось или было прервано. - Указан весь период действия до момента речи(for 2 hours, for a month). - Указан весь период действия до момента речи(for 2 hours, for a month). I had been writing a letter for 2 hours when he came. - Указан начальный момент действия - Указан начальный момент действия (since…oclock, since5oclock). (since…oclock, since5oclock). I had been writing a letter since 2 oclock when he came.

Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive + I will have been playing He will have been playing She will have been playing It will have been playing We will have been playing You will have been playing They will have been playing I will have been writing He will have been writing She will have been writing It will have been writing We will have been writing You will have been writing They will have been writing - I will not have been playing He will not have been playing She will not have been playing It will not have been playing We will not have been playing You will not have been playing They will not have been playing I will not have been writing He will not have been writing She will not have been writing It will not have been writing We will not have been writing You will not have been writing They will not have been writing ? Will I have been playing Will he have been playing Will she have been playing Will it have been playing Will we have been playing Will you have been playing Will they have been playing Will I have been writing Will he have been writing Will she have been writing Will it have been writing Will we have been writing Will you have been writing Will they have been writing

Для выражения действия, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем и будет продолжаться вплоть до этого момента. Для выражения действия, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем и будет продолжаться вплоть до этого момента. - Указан весь период действия до момента речи(for 2 hours, for a month, в вопросах How long…?). - Указан весь период действия до момента речи(for 2 hours, for a month, в вопросах How long…?). I will have been writing a letter for 2 hours when you come tomorrow. - Указан начальный момент - Указан начальный момент действия(since…oclock, действия(since…oclock, since 5oclock, в вопросах since 5oclock, в вопросах Since when…?). Since when…?). I will have been writing a letter since 2 oclock when you come tomorrow.