Холинергическая вазодилятация сосудов скелетных мышц.

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Холинергическая вазодилятация сосудов скелетных мышц

Раздражение защитной области гипоталламуса Активация симпатической нервной системы Вазодилятация мелких сосудов скелетных мышц ДесимпатизацияАтропин

Effect of surgical sympathectomy or atropine on the forearm blood flow response to severe mental stress in humans Individual records from two subjects during periods of severe mental stress. A, in a patient with a unilateral cervical sympathectomy, mental stress (hatched bar) evoked profound increases in forearm blood flow in the normal arm. These increases in forearm blood flow were absent in the sympathectomised forearm. B, a second subject was studied with normal innervation to both upper extremities. Atropine given selectively to one forearm blunted but did not eliminate the vasodilator responses to severe mental stress. Adapted from Blair et al. (1959).

Видовая специфичность реакции холинергической вазодилятации +КошкиЛисицыШакалыМангустыКозыОвцыСобакиЧеловек-КрысыКроликиБарсукиХорькиОпоссумы

Механизмы возникновения холинергической вазодилятации Нейрогенный НейрогенныйОбусловлен воздействием ACh на гладкие мышцы сосудов скелетных мышц Местный Местный Обусловлен изменением метаболизма скелетных мышц под действием ACh

МN ГТФ АТФ АДФ K+K+ Гиперполяризация Расслабление гладких мышц ACh М2М2 Ni _ АЦ цАМФ Сокращение гладких мыщц ACh

Pin ACh M3M3 PLC IP 3 DG СПР Са 2+ АК ГЦ цГМФ ПК Гликолиз Pin - фосфоинозитил DG - диацилглицерол АК - арахидоновая кислота АК-ООН - метаболиты АК ПК - цГМФ-зависимая протеинкиназа АК-ООН Активация фосфорилазы Облегчение сокращения NgNg

Гиперосмотический эффект Повышение осмолярности сопровождает холинергическую дилятацию. Максимум - через секунд. Повышение содержания: Na + - активация Na + /K + -насоса вследствие гликолиза K + - выход K + из гладких мышц артерий Молочной кислоты - вследствие гликолиза Обладают вазомоторной активностью

Effects of L-NMMA on forearm vasodilatation during mental stress in humans Tracings of the forearm blood flow responses to mental stress in an individual in which one forearm was treated with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA via a brachial artery catheter. In the control arm, mental stress evoked marked skeletal muscle vasodilatation. This vasodilatation was absent in the arm treated with L-NMMA. These data indicated that NO is involved in the forearm vasodilator response to sympathoexcitatory manoeuvres in humans. From Dietz et al. (1994a).

Резюме Холинергическое влияние вызывает трофический и сосудистый эффекты. Два основных механизма вазодилятации: нейрогенный и местный. Функциональное значение: сосудистой реакции - усиление эффективности проводящей функции трофического влияния - подготовка скелетных мышц к работе.