Куликова М.В., учитель английского языка МБОУ «СОШ 276» Гаджиево, Мурманская обл. СТРАТЕГИИ РЕЧЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОЙ СРЕДЕ

ДОМИНАНТЫ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОГО И РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ Выражение:ПримерыАнглоязыч- ное общение Русскоязыч- ное общение побужденияпредложение, приказ, просьба, совет неоднозначностьпрямолинейность позитивной оценки комплимент, похвала, благодарность преувеличениепреуменьшение негативной оценки критика, жалоба, упрёк, обвинение смягчение, преуменьшение категоричность, преувеличение

МАКРОСТРАТЕГИИ Маневрирования Дистанцирования Намека Уклонения Реагирования Поддержки собеседника Поддержки контакта

СТРАТЕГИИ ДИСТАНЦИРОВАНИЯ Тактика смещения временного плана Тактика использования модальных глаголов Техника смещения в прошлое или будущее Техника использования продолженного времени Техника использования модальных глаголов в устойчивых конструкциях Техника использования модальных глаголов с условным наклонением

ТЕХНИКА СМЕЩЕНИЯ В ПРОШЛОЕ ИЛИ БУДУЩЕЕ FunctionsIndirectDirect order formulaeI'll have to ask you to sign it./Youll need to sign it. (You must) Sign it. order/instructionWill you open the books and start reading? Open the books and start reading. suggestion/offerShall we go out for a meal somewhere downtown? Let's go out for a meal... offering/accepting- That will be $10. - That'// be OK.- It is $10. - That's OK. polite enquiryHow many guests did you intend to invite over? How many...do you intend to... request formulaeI thought you could /would like to.I think you could... suggestionI thought it might be nice to visit an old friend I think it's nice to visit a friend request/offer I wondered if you were free at ten o'clock? I wonder if you were free at ten?

ТЕХНИКА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОГО ВРЕМЕНИ FunctionsIndirectDirect polite enquiryWhat meetings are you planning to arrange? Let us know your plans. stating inventions I'm sorry, I must be going, or I'll be late for dinner. Sorry, I must go, or I'll be late. request formulaeI 'm hoping you can give me a hand in packing. I hope you can give me... parting formulaeI'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. I look forward to hearing... suggestionI was thinking what about having a picnic? I thought what about... polite enquiryWill you be staying with us at Christmas? Are you staying with us...? request formulaeI was wondering if you had a bag to spare? I wondered if you had...

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ В УСТОЙЧИВЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЯХ FunctionsIndirectDirect request formulaeCould/would you lend me your printer?Will you lend me your printer? invitationWould you care to follow me upstairs?Do you care to follow me upstairs? opinionMight it be alright to do it this way?Is it alright to do it this way? inquiryWhen would that taken place? When did it take place? offer/suggestionSuppose we might give them a lift?Let's give them a lift. criticism/adviceYou could/might warn them in advance.You should/must warn them in advance. opinion/offerId think we might spend a night here.I think we'll spend a night here. opinion/criticismI'd say this is not the best way to treat cats. I say, this is not the best way to treat cats. desire/suggestionI'd like/prefer to make a brief review of...I want (you) to make a brief review of...

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ C УСЛОВНЫМ НАКЛОНЕНИЕМ FunctionsIndirectDirect enquiry/offer I wonder if you might be interested in...? I wonder if you are interested in...? advice formulae If I were you I'd join up with this firm. You should join up with this firm. suggestion/advice It would be better if he went there alone. Let him/He should go there alone. order/instruction If you would stand over there? Will you stand over there? order/refusing I'd rather you didn't refer to those data. Don't refer to those data. permission I wish you wouldn't disclose those facts You mustn't /shouldn't do that...

СТРАТЕГИИ НАМЁКА Тактика регуляции значимости высказывания Тактика использования отрицания как намека Техника минимизации Техника снижения определенности Техника прямого отрицания Техника скрытого и двойного отрицания

ТЕХНИКА МИНИМИЗАЦИИ FunctionsUnderstatementStatement criticizingThe room is a little / a bit overcrowded. The room is overcrowded. requestCould I make a very brief announcement? Can I make an announcement? excuseJust a minute. I'll be back in a moment. Wait a little. I'll be back soon. apologyIt was just a slip of the tongue. It was a slip of the tongue. attitudeThe news somewhat shocked me. The news shocked me.

ТЕХНИКА СНИЖЕНИЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ FunctionsUnderstatementStatement apologyI've got a kind of an apology to make. I want to apologize. giving explanations There's a sort of misunderstanding. There is a misunderstanding. It was more or less out of place. It was out of place. Expressing (negative) opinions We tend to overlook the importance of tests. We often overlook it. I am inclined to feel that it is important. I feel that it is important. I sort of think it could be better if you quit. It could be better if you...

ТЕХНИКА ПРЯМОГО ОТРИЦАНИЯ FunctionsUnderstatementStatement attitudeI'm not pleased with his manners.(= I'm definitely disgusted) greetingHow are you? Not so well, thank you. I'm not well (= I am ill) dislikeI'm not particularly keen on TV.I'm not keen on TV (= I hate TV) disagreeingIt is not quite that easy; you see...It is not easy (= It is very difficult) disagreeingI don't think I could quite agree with I think I can't fully agree (= I disagree) offerI don't suppose you'll accept my offer. I suppose you'll not accept it (I hope you will) statementHe didn't tell me anything about it. He told me nothing about it.

ТЕХНИКА СКРЫТОГО И ДВОЙНОГО ОТРИЦАНИЯ FunctionsUnderstatementStatement statementHe's got little idea how engines work. He's got no idea how engines work. statementI hardly ever speak in public. I never speak in public. criticisingHe lacks courage to give it up. He doesn't have courage to give it up. criticisingHis plan is not devoid of drawbacks. His plan is full of drawbacks. statementIt is not impossible.It is possible. opinionHe's not without pretensions. He has (many) pretensions.

СТРАТЕГИЯ УКЛОНЕНИЯ (СМЯГЧЕНИЯ) Тактика уклонения от ответственности Тактика смягчения посредством вопросов Техника представления суждения как личного мнения Техника представления суждения как обобщения Техника смягчения прямых побудительных высказываний Техника смягчения вопросительных высказываний

ТЕХНИКА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ СУЖДЕНИЯ КАК ЛИЧНОГО МНЕНИЯ FunctionsDirectIndirect opinionIn my opinion it would be better to postpone the meeting. It is… (without opening phrases) attitudeAs far as I know to find the right decision is not that simple. rememberingIf Г m not mistaken, the matter was highlighted in Issues #2 explainingI'd like to mention that it has been discussed time and again. opinion/ reckon/guess she's the last person to ask for compassion. opinionPersonally, I (don't) feel you're making the best choice.

ТЕХНИКА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ СУЖДЕНИЯ КАК ОБОБЩЕНИЯ FunctionsDirectIndirect adviceIt is well known that language learning takes time. I know it well. prohibitionThis car is parked on a double yellow line. You parked illegally. orderEnglish is spoken here.Don't speak Russian. attitudeThey say it's not a proper way to treat animals. It's not a proper way to treat animals. complaintIt appears that our lunch is likely to be delayed. Our lunch is delayed. criticismYou happen to be mistaken, he seems to have won. You are mistaken, he has won. prohibitionYou are not supposed to walk your dog here. You shouldn't walk your dog here. hesitationOne can't know for sure, it depends on many things. I don't know for sure.

ТЕХНИКА СМЯГЧЕНИЯ ПРЯМЫХ ПОБУДИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ FunctionsQuestion (indirect)Statement (direct) adviceWhy don't you speak to him directly? You should speak to him directly. invitationWhy don't you come up and have lunch with us? Come up and have lunch with us. pressing offer Why couldn 't we prolong our visit? Let us prolong our visit. suggestionWon't it be better (for us) to leave at once? We'd better leave at once. opinionWould it be less expensive to go by car? It'd be less expensive to go by car. orderWould you like to go on reading?Go on reading. invitationWould you care to stay with us tonight? Stay with us tonight.

ТЕХНИКА СМЯГЧЕНИЯ ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ Functions Question (indirect)Statement (direct) request/offerI don't suppose you'll find time for it now? Will you find time for it now? enquiryI suppose you're very busy now? Are you (very) busy now? request/askingYou haven't seen my cat here, have you? Have you seen my cat here? for informationYou don't know where Bells is, do you? Do you know where Bells is? enquiry/askingYou are the new teacher, aren 't you? Are you the new teacher? for agreementYou do take milk in coffee, don't you? Do you take milk in coffee? orderCarry this bag for me, will you? Will you carry this bag for me?

Ю. Б. Кузьменкова. Стратегии речевого поведения в англоязычной среде. – Москва: Педагогический университет «Первое сентября», 2010 г. ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА