Unit

Outline Odds and ends Direction and location Verbs of motion

Writing numerals Russian uses a space instead of a comma every three places in large numerals – US: 192,000 – Russia: Russian uses a comma where we use a decimal point – US:22.5 – Russia:22,5 – We havent learned about decimal points yet

One oclock When telling time on the hour – For most times, give the number of the hour followed by the appropriate form of the word час два часа пять часов – Exception: One oclock is час (not один час) Russians dont say один in this context

Культу́ра и бы́т: У́тром, днём, ве́чером, но́чью Evening tends to extend later in Russia than in America – from approximately 5:00 p.m. until midnight Night is used only for very late at night – from approximately midnight until 3:00 a.m. The difference is cultural, as well as linguistic – In Russian cities it is acceptable to call people at 10:00 or 11:00 p.m. – If youre invited for the evening, you may be there until midnight

Hyphenation Hyphenation must leave at least one letter on each line Hyphenation must leave at least one syllable (= one vowel) on each line Between consonants and vowels – Hyphenation is acceptable after vowels and before consonants – Dont hyphenate after a consonant and before a vowel Between vowels – Hyphenation is always acceptable between vowels Between consonants – Hyphenation is acceptable between consonants only in positions that are also between morphemes (prefixes, roots, suffixes, grammatical endings) чи-та́ть на-ци-о-на́ль-ность

Voicing and devoicing SAM, pp. 106–07 Voiced and voiceless consonants (obstruents) – labial: в/ф, б/п – dental: з/с, д/т – palatal: ж/ш – velar: г/к – liquids (р, л) and nasals (м, н) do not participate in voicing assimilation – (other details to follow) Final devoicing: write джаз, pronounce джас Voicing assimilation: obstruents (other than в) cause preceding obstruents to agree with them in voicing – Write в Киеве, pronounce ф Киеве – Write экзамен, pronounce эгзамен – Write второй, pronounce фторой (в undergoes voicing assimilation, but doesnt cause it) – Write and pronounce твой (в doesnt cause voicing assimilation, although it undergoes it) Voicing assimilation takes place only within a word, where prepositions count as part of the following word – Assimilate (same word): write в пятой, pronounce ф пятой – Dont assimilate across word boundary: write and pronounce ваш друг

Direction and location Direction – в/на + accusative – Я́ иду́ в библиоте́ку. – Я́ иду́ на ле́кцию. – Use with verbs of motion and other verbs that imply motion toward a destination (e.g., опа́здывать). Location – в/на + prepositional – Я́ занима́юсь в библиоте́ке. – Я́ никогда́ не говорю́ на ле́кции.

Adverbs of direction and location Direction – Куда́ ты́ идёшь? – Я́ иду́ домо́й. Note: not в до́м Location – Где́ ты́ рабо́таешь? – Я́ работаю дома. Note: not в до́ме The place adverbs you know (здесь, тут, там) are only for location. – They have directional counterparts that you havent learned yet. – If you are feeling precocious: сюда hither, туда thither.

Direction and location Кондолиза Райс едет в (Russia). – Кондолиза Райс едет в Росси́ю. – Куда едет Кондолиза Райс? Влади́мир Пу́тин живёт в (Russia). – Влади́мир Пу́тин живёт в Росси́и. – Где́ живёт Влади́мир Пу́тин? Окса́на рабо́тает в (library). – Окса́на рабо́тает в библиоте́ке. – Где́ рабо́тает Окса́на? Окса́на идёт в (library). – Окса́на идёт в библиоте́ку. – Куда идёт Окса́на?

Direction and location Я́ занима́юсь (at home). – Я́ занима́юсь до́ма. – Где́ я́ занима́юсь? Я́ иду́ (home). – Я́ иду́ домо́й. – Куда я́ иду́? Мы́ е́дем в (Washington). – Мы́ е́дем в Вашингто́н. – Куда мы́ е́дем?

Tell your neighbor … 1.Я́ живу́ (in an apartment, house, dormitory, …) – Я́ живу́ в кварти́ре. 2.That you are going where you live – Я́ иду́ в кварти́ру. 3.Я́ занима́юсь (at home, in the library, in a café, …) – Я́ занима́юсь до́ма. 4.That you are going to the place where you study – Я́ иду́ домо́й. 5.Я́ рабо́таю (at the university, library, store, restaurant, …) – Я́ рабо́таю в университе́те. 6.That you are going to the place where you work – Я́ иду́ в университе́т.

Verbs of (loco)motion Russian distinguishes a single trip with a single destination from other types of motion (round trips, aimless wandering, habitual motion, etc.) – These are called unidirectional and multidirectional Russian distinguishes fourteen different types of locomotion – By foot, by vehicle, in water, in the air, crawling, climbing, running, etc. – In this unit: by foot and by vehicle Verb of motion – describes locomotion – distinguishes unidirectional from multidirectional Verbs that describe motion but fail to distinguish unidirectional from multidirectional are not called verbs of motion

To go = ??? FootVehicle Unidirectionalидти́ /id+́/е́хать /éd+/ Multidirectionalходи́ть /xod–i+/е́здить /ézd–i+/

Verb conjugation highlights What types of verbs are ит-conjugation and what types are ёт-conjugation? – Suffixes /i/ and /e/ are ит-conjugation (e.g., говорить, смотреть) – All other verbs are ёт-conjugation At what junctures do mutations occur? – V+V (e.g., /pisa+u/ пишу́) Where do mutations occur in ит-conjugation and ёт-conjugation verbs? – In ит-conjugation verbs, only in the я́ form (e.g., я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь, …) – In ёт-conjugation verbs, throughout the present (e.g., я́ пишу́, ты́ пи́шешь, …) What does д mutate to? – ж (ходить, я хожу, ты ходишь, …) – video/vision; divide/division If stress shifts in the present tense, whats the pattern? – End stress in the я́ form, one syllable back elsewhere (e.g, я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь, …)

идти /id+́/ irregular infinitive different past stem (which you dont know yet) Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional? ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress? Present – иду́ – идёшь – идёт – идём – идёте – иду́т Past – dont know yet

ходи́ть /xod–i+/ Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional? ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress? Present – хожу – ходишь – ходит – ходим – ходите – ходят Past – ходил – ходила – ходи́ло – ходили

е́хать /éd+/ different past/infinitive stem (you dont need to use the past tense yet) Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional? ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress? Present – е́ду – е́дешь – е́дет – е́дем – е́дете – е́дут Past – dont use yet

е́здить /ézd–i+/ Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional? ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress? Present – е́зжу – е́здишь – е́здит – е́здим – е́здите – е́здят Past – е́здил – е́здила – е́здило – е́здили