Russian Declension and Conjugation Chapter 8: Imperfective derivation. - презентация

1 Russian Declension and Conjugation Chapter 8: Imperfective derivation

2 Discussion points Wheres the content? –I would argue that prefixes are NEVER just grammatical or semantically empty; surface form is there for a reason How big is your paradigm? –Imperfective derivation has been argued to be a part of inflection by some, derivation by others; I think it is derivation myself

3 More terminology for verbs Simplex -- this is a verb that doesnt have any aspectual affixes (prefixes or suffixes), eg. писа ть, да ть Prefixed (or suffixed in NU) perfective -- this is a verb that has been derived from a simplex verb to create a new perfective, eg. подписа ть, вы дать Suffixed imperfective -- this is a verb suffixed in - aj+, -vaj+, or -ivaj+, eg. подпи сывать, выдава ть

4 Some happy news about derived imperfectives We dont have to worry about stress! Its always fixed! They are all the same verb type, and its an easy one: AJ!

5 Some sad news about derived imperfectives The distribution of imperfectivizing suffixes is complex (see chart on back of Townsend book) E takes all three suffixes (-aj+ and -ivaj+ like I, which has the same conjugation; and -vaj+ like EJ)

6 Some rules of thumb for I verbs -aj+ for Church Slavonic roots, and Church Slavonic mutations apply: прекрати ть, прекраща ть -ivaj+ if the root ends in a j: устро ить, устра ивать

7 What does non-syllabic entail? Name all the types of non-syllabic verbal stems that will insert an -i- when forming the derived imperfective. Give an example of each!

8 What does non-syllabic entail? R: утере ть, утира ть M/N: пожа ть, пожима ть N,M: поня ть, понима ть NIM: сня ть, снима ть ns-A: вы брать, выбира ть Non-syllabic obstruents: сже чь, сжига ть; сче сть, счита ть Non-syllabic roots before NU: прильну ть, прилипа ть, замкну ть, замыка ть

9 Some more notes and oddities Lots of random hardenings and softenings when imperfectivizing E verbs… All suffixes except OVA truncate before the imperfectivizing suffixes Root vowel o > a before -ivaj+: уговори ть, угова ривать

10 o > e in verbal roots Infinitives of obstruent stems: т ё к, те чь Nonpast of some A stems (where stem final consonant is softened or mutated): прич ё сан, приче шут Past active participle and past gerund of some D/T verbs: приве дший (but note exceptions: м ё тший, пл ё тший, сч ё тший) Fill vowel after a prefix is always spelled o