Spirit and History: some example of spiritual life in the Enlightenment era.

Reforms of the 18th century and religious life Church as a department of the state State attacks the monasteries Utilitarian view of religion The rhetoric of the Enlightenment Secularisation of church properties

Elizabeth of Russia ( ) and the Preobrazhenskii regiment

Feodor Ushakov ( )

Paisii Velichkovskii ( ) Нямецкий монастырь, Румыния

Paisiis pupils in Russian monasteries

Spiritual elders Zosima Verkhovskii ( ), a nobleman, former officer Elder Vasilisk, a simple peasant, teacher of Zosima Serafim of Sarov

Elder and pupil Преп. Лев (Леонид) Наголкин, Оптинский старец Св. Игнатий Брянчанинов

Contemporary monastic life, tradition and 8WDMoDU-M 8WDMoDU-M

Spiritual guidance (starchestvo) as a specific form of Russian spirituality Another form of apostolic succession Prophetic

Отец Серафим Тяпочкин ( )

Преп. Серафим Вырицкий ( )

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