Municipalities – Homeowners in Russia Prof. Yelena Shomina State University –Higher School of Economics

3 Key figures Total volume of the housing stock in the R F – 3117 mln. m 2 About 73 % is in urban areas About 27 % is in rural areas Average dwelling space per inhabitant 22,4 m² About 100 mln. m² - dilapidated housing stock –(3% of total )

Number of families, registered for municipal flat is families Families, improved their housing conditions in 2009, of all registered – 5 %

Municipal housing stock and municipalities as homeowners or landlords are comparatively new phenomena in Russia.

The modern tendencies in housing field municipalisation of state housing stock privatization of the state and municipal housing stock deterioration of housing stock and other municipal buildings as a result of inadequate finance of its maintenance

The last 20 years main tendencies shift from paternalistic to market housing policy Municipalisation – transfer of company-housing stock (both industrial and agricultural ) to municipalities (usually old and in bad conditions )

Privatization of housing stock –transfer of municipal housing stock to the sitting tenants free of charge - started in Russia in 1991 and will be finished by March 1, 2013

Grouth of municipal housing stock, mln. m

Results of privatisation, municipal housing stock, S, mln m

Privatisation of municipal housing stock S. Ths. of sq.m %

Municipal housing stock, mln. m ²

Housing stock, mln.m ², municipal, state, private

15 Municipal main spheres of responsibilities in housing field Housing construction and housing supply for special groups Maintenance and management of existing municipal housing stock

16 Key figures -2 The waiting list for improving living conditions comprises households or 8.7% of the total number. Over the last year 230 th. or 5.2% of the waitlisted households improved their living conditions. Evident, that if the current tendency is maintained to satisfy the waiting list families will require about 20 years.

17 Key figures -2 The waiting list for improving living conditions comprises households or 8.7% of the total number. Over the last year 230 th. or 5.2% of the waitlisted households improved their living conditions. if the current tendency is maintained to satisfy the waiting list families will require about 20 years.

We do not have adequate and affordable municipal housing stock Social rental housing – new idea Existing municipal housing stock is in bad condition Normal municipal housing stock is disappearing as a result of privatization 18

У муниципалитетов большое поле ответственности в жилищной сфере В России практически не было муниципальной жилищной политики

At the beginning of 90-s Deteriorating economic conditions in Russia caused a massive, "one-time" transfer of company housing to municipalities, municipalities became the key homeowners in Russia, but usually without adequate financing for maintenance of their housing stock. Municipalities were not ready to maintain these old houses and did not hurry to take it.

Изменение задач муниципалитетов Обеспечение муниципальным жильем всех Забота о повышении качества муниципального жилья Забота только об «особых группах жителей» Тесное взаимодействие с социальной сферой

Municipal houses, Moscow

Demolition of municipal housing stock in Moscow,

New municipal houses for multi- children families

Typical new house

Municipal housing Stock, regional dimensions, % of all housing Stock Federal Okrug S th. m2,2009 % -07 Central ,5 North-west ,4 South ,0 Privolzhsky ,4 Urals ,4 Siberian ,7 Far East ,6

Municipal housing S in mln.м² and % In Russian federation % In urban municipalities % In rural municipalities – 11% Источник: Федеральная служба государственной статистики за2009 г, см.

Municipal Housing Stock in different regions mln m² Novosibirsk region –67,727 Moscow region –39, Tatarstan – 25, Sverdlovskaya – 19, Leningradskaya 18 Bashkiria,Tulskaya, Arkhangelskaya,Nizegorodskaya, Samarskaya, Irkutskaya, Krasnoyarskiy, Khabarovskiy –

N of families, waiting for municipal flat Russia – total families

Municipsl housing Sock in Rural municipalities S total about 60 mln m². Novosibirsk region –about 4mln. m² Krasnoyarsk region – about 2 mln. m²

Municipal housing stock in different cities – expert evaluation Lipetsk m², about 25% Smolents - about 40% Ribinsk - 39 % Novosibirsk m² %. Pokachi (UGRA) 90 %

City with all housing stock is municipal

Покачи, ХМАО, 17 тыс.жителей

Housing problems of municipalities Municipalities do not have enough flats The quality of municipal housing stock is rather low Up to 80% of all municipal flats could be considered as the dilapidated housing stock Municipalities have no own money for major repairing works State Repairing Fund provided some money for repairing works under very serious conditions

Municipal problems in the housing field Municipalities have no money for new housing construction Not enough capacities for provision of electricity or water Anti-social behavior and vandalism of residents

Зачем муниципалитету свое жилье? Это его собственность, его имущество Возможность предоставления жилья социально-незащищенным семьям и ключевым работникам Чем выше доля муниципального жилья в многоквартирном доме – тем легче создавать «ручные ТСЖ»

37 Block 4. Housing Reforms - Shift from paternalistic to market housing policy Transfer of responsibilities for personal housing conditions from the state to citizens Support only vulnerable groups of population Privatization of the housing stock and creation of housing market

Социальные квартиросъемщики в России Ими могут быть только малоимущие граждане Они признаются таковыми органом местного самоуправления «с учетом дохода, приходящегося на каждого члена семьи, и стоимости имущества, находящегося в собственности членов семьи и подлежащего налогообложению» В некоторых городах для этих категорий малоимущих жителей стали переделывать общежития

Почему люди не приватизируют жилье? Нежелание «возиться с приватизацией» Нет особой нужды Нет времени плохое качество муниципального жилья – «нечего приватизировать»

Почему люди не приватизируют квартиры Семейные конфликты и отсутствие договоренности относительно будущих прав собственности Пожилые люди боятся, что приватизированная квартира станет для кого- то привлекательной, и они просто окажутся на улице Пожилые и иные социально-незащищенные люди полагают, что если они останутся в статусе нанимателей, то государство поможет им с содержанием жилищ и расходами на коммунальные платежи

Наниматели в ТСЖ От них пора избавиться! Надо заставить приватизировать квартиры! Опыт Томска!

РАНЖ Создана Российская Ассоциация нанимателей жилья Тел./факс: +7 (4852) ,

44 Housing protests, Russia, Yaroslavl, 2006 Our housing situation is like a rope around our necks