Инновационный Евразийский Университет Кафедра «Английская филология и перевод» Слайд-лекция по дисциплине «Диалектология» на тему «British Dialects » Для студентов специальности «Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка» Разработал: ст. преп. Рудевский А.О.

План лекции 1.Old English dialects. 2.Early Middle English dialects. 3.Varieties of English in the UK: Scottish English, Irish English, Received Pronunciation, Estuary English, Queens English, Cockney English. 4.British dialects: Norfolk English, Yorkshire dialect, Manx English, dialects in the North East of England.

Old English dialects The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Each of those dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, all of Northumbria and most of Mercia were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia and all of Kent that were successfully defended were then integrated into Wessex.

Mercian was a language spoken in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia (roughly speaking the Midlands of England an area in which four kingdoms had been united under one monarchy). Together with Northumbrian, it was one of the two Anglian dialects.

Northumbrian was a dialect of the Old English language spoken in the English Kingdom of Northumbria. The dialect was spoken from the Humber, now within England, to the Firth of Forth, now within Scotland. During the Viking invasions of the 9th century, Northumbrian came under the influence of the languages of the Viking invaders.

West Saxon was primarily spoken in Wessex. There were two stages of the West Saxon dialect: Early West Saxon and Late West Saxon. Early West Saxon was the language of King Alfred (849–899). By the eleventh century, the language had evolved into Late West Saxon.

Kentish was a southern dialect of Old English spoken in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Kent. The dialect was spoken in what is now the modern-day county of Kent, southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight by the Jutes.

Early Middle English dialects the Southern group, including Kentish and the South-Western dialects (the South- Western group was a continuation of the OE Saxon dialects); the Midland or Central (corresponding to the OE Mercian dialect – is divided into West Midland and East Midland as two main areas); the Northern group (had developed from OE Northumbrian).

Varieties of English in the UK Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English, the register normally used in formal, non-fiction writing generally follows Standard English in spelling and punctuation. Scottish Standard English is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum and focused broad Scots at the other. Scottish English may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots.

Hiberno-English – also known as Anglo- Irish and Irish English – is English as spoken in Ireland, partly the result of the interaction of the English and Irish languages.

Received Pronunciation (RP) is a form of pronunciation of the English language (specifically British English) which has long been perceived as uniquely prestigious amongst British accents. About two percent of Britons speak with the RP accent in its purest form.

The term Cockney has both geographical and linguistic associations. Geographically and culturally, it often refers to working class Londoners, particularly those in the East End. Linguistically, it refers to the form of English spoken by this group.

"Estuary English" is a term coined in 1984 by British linguist, David Rosewarne. Defined as a "variety of modified regional speech" it becomes "a mixture of non- regional and local south-eastern English pronunciation and intonation".

The notion of the "Queens" English or "Kings" English, depending on who is the ruler of the time, can be traced back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries where the idea that the monarchs usage of the language should be a model in speech and writing.

British dialects The Norfolk dialect, also known as Broad Norfolk, is a dialect that was once spoken by those living in the county of Norfolk in England. Much of the distinctive vocabulary of Broad Norfolk has now died out and only the older generations use the fullest amount, so the speech of most of Norfolk is now more an accent than a dialect.

The Yorkshire dialect refers to the varieties of English used in the Northern England historic county of Yorkshire. Those varieties are often referred to as Broad Yorkshire or Tyke. The dialect has roots in older languages such as Old English and Old Norse; it should not be confused with modern slang. The Yorkshire Dialect Society exists to promote use of the dialect in both humour and in serious linguistics; there is also an East Riding Dialect Society.

Manx English, or Anglo-Manx, is the dialect of English which is decreasingly spoken by the people of the Isle of Man. It has many borrowings from the original Manx language, a Goidelic language, and it differs widely from any other English, including other Celtic-derived dialects such as Welsh English and Hiberno-English.

Dialects in the North East of England are often known as Mackem or Geordie. The dialects across the region are broadly similar however some differences do exist. For example, with words ending -re/-er, such as culture and father, the end syllable is pronounced by a Newcastle native as a short 'a', such as in 'fat' and 'back' therefore producing "cultcha" and "fatha" respectively.

Литература 1.Маковский М.М. Английская диалектология = Современные английские территориальные диалекты Великобритании: Учебное пособие. – М.: Высш. Школа, – 191 с. 2.Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка: Учебник/Т.А.Расторгуева. – 2-е изд. Стер. – М.: ООО «Издательство Астрель»: ООО «Издательство АСТ», – 352 с. – На англ. языке. 3.Введение в германскую филологию: Учебник для филологических факультетов / Арсеньева М.Г., Балашова С.П., Берков В.П., Словьева Л.Н. – М.: ГИС, – 320 с.