Principles of LEDS April 07 Udo van Slooten PCT Special Applications Business Unit Solid State Lighting

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 2 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Principles of LEDs Benefits of LEDs LED Technology General Optical Characteristics Binning White Light Thermal and Electrical behavior

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 3 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Benefits of LEDs (1) General: Much longer life (50K Hours) Reduced maintenance costs More energy efficient than incandescent and Halogen lamps No IR radiation or UV in the beam Highly efficient plastic optics can be used Architectural/design: Design flexibility, hidden light широкие возможности дизайна, скрытые источники света Vivid saturated colors - without filters Directed направленный light for increased system efficiency Robust надежное, vibration proof, solid state lighting Lower light pollution, due to better optical control

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 4 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Benefits of LEDs (2) Unique LED advantages: Dynamic color control, white point tunable Fully dimmable without color variation Instant on, full color, 100% light No efficiency loss due to filtering Install and forget Environment: No Mercury in the light source Safety/low temperature: Cold start capable (down to -40°C) Low voltage DC operation работа на постоянном токе низкого напряжения Highly efficient in cold environment Sealed герметичны for life waterproof luminaries

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 5 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: LED Principle LED means: Light Emitting Diode Semiconductor Light Source

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 6 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: LED Principle Energy level high Energy level low Junction Photon

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 7 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: LED Principle Electron Energy энергия электрона vs Wavelength Blue light High Energy Red light Low Energy Increase of energy

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 8 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: Material Systems материалы для светодиодов AlGaAs AlInGaP InGaN Wavelength [nm] Диапазон энергии Energy of the electron in [eV] Yellow gap : No LEDs available between 550 and 585nm

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 9 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: Definition of levels уровни светодиодов, определение Level 0 LED-Chip кристалл Level 1 LED or lamp Дискретный элемент Level 2 LEDs on PCB сборка Level 3 LED module with optics and driver Интегриро-ванная система = уровень 2 + оптика и блок питания Level 4 Luminaire Готовый светильник

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 10 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: Type of LEDs Surface mount LEDs (SMD) -Indicators in: -computers -cars -mobile phones Through hole Superflux and 5mm LEDs -Indicators -Third brakelights стоп-сигналы LUXEON LEDs: -Traffic signals светофоры -General illumination -Torches -Entertainment industry INDICATORS SIGNAGE ILLUMINATION

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 11 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: Type of LEDs : 5mm LED vs Philips LUXEON Light Emitted Forward LED Chip Reflector PC Board Cathode LeadAnode Lead Cathode Lead Gold Wire Золотой проводник Heatsink Slug теплоотвод Reflector Cup Solder Connection Паяное соединение Plastic Lens Silicone Encapsulate InGaN Semiconductor Flip Chip Light Emitted Forward

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 12 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: Type of LEDs : Philips LUXEON K2 Silicon Lens Chip or die кристалл Built-in heat sink to transfer of heat to (MC)PCB Plastic Housing Electrical connections разъемы Bond wire соединитель

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 13 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: misconception: all LEDs last 50,000 hours or longer 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10khrs20khrs30khrs40khrs50khrs Typical 5mm LED Typical superflux led высокояркий Typical LUXEON led Philips specifies useful life in hours and light output. The Affinium LED string uses superflux type LEDs The Medium Power string uses Luxeon type LEDs Time (hrs) Light output

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 14 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 LED Technology: Type of LEDs Overview 5mm LEDsSMD LEDs LUXEON I and III LUXEON K2 Power мощность 0.3 W0.5 W1 – 3.5 W1 – 5 W Flux White поток 1-3 lm0.1 – 12 lm45 – 80 lm> 80 lm Lensepoxy Silicon and plastic Silicon Temp. Range (junction) Max. 120 °C Max. 135 °CMax. 165 °C Lifetime white LED 5 khrs khrs20 – 50 khrs

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 15 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Optical Characteristics: Lambertian Radiation Pattern Ламбертова диаграмма направленности излучения Angular Displacement (Degrees) угловое смещение (градусов) Relative Intensity (%) Typical Lower Bound Typical Upper Bound верхняя граница

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 16 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Optical Characteristics: Batwing Radiation Pattern диаграмма направленности излучения Angular Displacement (Degrees) Relative Intensity (%) Typical Upper Bound Typical Lower Bound

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 17 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Binning Bin 1 Bin 3 Bin 2 LEDs are binned on: Flux Color Forward Voltage прямое напряжение INPUT PRODUCTS OUTPUT Flux [lm] поток # of products Flux [lm]

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 18 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Binning: Example binning structure Dominant wavelength bin structure for cyan LUXEON, LUXEON K2, LUXEON III and LUXEON V emitters and arrays. Bin Code Minimum Dominant Wavelength (nm) Maximum Dominant Wavelength (nm)

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 19 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 White Light: White LED principle Blue LED Chip Phosphor Yellow Photon Blue Photon LED Chip

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 20 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Thermal Behavior температурные характеристики of LEDs Cathode Lead Gold Wire Heatsink Slug Reflector Cup Solder Connection Паяное соединение Plastic Lens Sillicone Encapsulent InGaN Semiconductor Flip Chip Light Emitted Forward Heat LEDs emit cold Light and no IR or UV LEDs are not 100% efficient => Heat (50%) LEDs can not withstand high temperatures (125°- 150°) We have to take care of good heat sink possibilities, to get the best life-time

Philips Lighting BU Solid State Lighting – PCT Special Applications 21 Project Review Special Application 10 - february-2006 Thermal Path LED application тепловой мостик LED Chip with junction спайка LED Heat sink or slug сердечник (Metal Core) PCB spreading the heat Heat Sink transferring the heat to ambient Moving air (natural convection)