THE MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA'S (MPAA) FILM-RATING SYSTEM She is used in the United States (US) and its territories to rate a film's suitability for certain audiences. The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme not enforced by law and films can be exhibited without a rating, though many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films. Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating. Other media (such as television programs and video games) may be rated by other entities. The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children. The MPAA's rating system is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration (CARA), an independent agency.

General Audiences. All ages admitted. This movie contains nothing that would offend parents for viewing by children. Such films may contain only mild violence or crude humor, and may have no nudity, sex, drugs or coarse (as distinct from impolite) language. The discrimination/bullying and emotional intensity must be minimal. Alcohol and tobacco may be used in small amounts by adults in the movie, but not by minors, especially in older G-rated films. The violence or horror must be cartoonish in nature or minimal in quantity.

Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children. Parents are urged to give parental guidance as the motion picture contains some material that parents might not find suitable for their pre-teenagers.

Parents Strongly Cautioned Parents are urged to be cautious as the motion picture contains some material that parents might consider inappropriate for children under 13 years.

No One 17 & Under Admitted. This film is exclusively adult and people aged 17 years and under are not admitted.

Restricted. People under 17 years may only be admitted if accompanied by a parent or guardian.

ADVERTISING MATERIALS The MPAA also rates film trailers, print advertising, posters, and other media used to promote a film. Trailers are commonly referred to as "green band", "yellow band", or "red band" based on the rating given to the trailer by the MPAA. Green, yellow, or red title cards displayed before the start of a trailer indicates the trailer's rating.

Green band: approved for all or appropriate audiences; can be shown before a film with any rating. Until 2009, this band read "The following preview has been approved for all audiences by the Motion Picture Association of America, Inc." In 2009, "all audiences" was changed to "appropriate audiences." In May 2013, in theater previews before a feature film (but not in previews independent of a feature film), the text was changed to "The following preview has been approved to accompany this feature by the Motion Picture Association of America, Inc.".

Yellow band: approved only for age-appropriate audiences; Internet trailers only.

Red band: approved for restricted audiences only; can be shown before R, NC-17 or unrated films, but it cannot be shown in unrated films that are released in theaters with a PG-13 rating. This band reads, "The following preview has been approved for restricted audiences only [or 'mature audiences only'] by the Motion Picture Association of America, Inc.".

RATING SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

Almost in every country there is a Rating system for films and the there is no exception for Russia. The first RS appeared in the USSR which consisted of three categories: -films for everyone -films for everyone(except special sessions for children) -films for people who are over 16 years old. In the 90 th this system was changed by Ministry of Education, Russian Goskino and Ministry of Culture. They added two categories: Then in the 2005 system was changed again and there was one more category: -+14 In 2005 making of RS was ended. The system was like American one, because Russians wanted to make it this way.

Finally, we have these categories:

+0 is for everyone: -these films can be demonstrated in every age. -these films was made for family and children sessions. There is no violence, bad words or sexual content.

+12 -Parents should watch these films with their kids to help them to understand a plot. -There is no actions with blood, but can be some soft violence, some scenes with nudity.

+14 -Films can include adult themes: suicide, crime,corruption, problems with wedding, emotional attacks, drug and alcohol addictions,death, racism, religion aspects. -There can be violence, nudity, rude words.

+16 -Rude words and vulgar sentences. -There can be most of the adults scenes. -Sexual relationships. -A lot of violence, using drugs.

+18 -There is no limits for language. -There can be detailed scenes of nudity, sexual scenes or raping. -Realistic crime scenes. -Antisocial behavior.