The main factor determining the ice cap and glaciers melting is the climate Climate is defined as a synthesis of time over a period of time sufficiently. - презентация

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2 The main factor determining the ice cap and glaciers melting is the climate Climate is defined as a synthesis of time over a period of time sufficiently long to allow the determination of certain statistical characteristics of it. The climate system include the atmosphere, ocean, land surface, biosphere and cryosphere considered as subsystems. Different nature of these subsystems that interact among them generating Climatic variability. Climate change: internal factors external factors external anthropogenic factors resulted from human activities

3 CRIOSPHERA is the term that describes the collective parts of Earth's surface where water is in solid shape, including large rocks, the rivers, snow coverage, glaciers and frozen soil.

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6 Snow and sea ice, the extensive areas but relatively small volume are connected to solar reflection and ocean circulation. Permafrost affects soil and water content of vegetation over vast regions and cryosphere is the most sensitive to the trend of warming of the atmosphere. When permafrost is warming, stored organic material can emit gases in the atmosphere and thus to increase the rate of global warming. As glaciers and ice lakes and rivers, areas with lower volume and react relatively quickly to climate effects, act as good indicators of climate change.

7 Extent of snow in the northern hemisphere is reduced by about 1.3% every 10 years starting 40 years ago. The latitude point average will be large reductions snow-bound areas in contrast with what will happen in Arctic Canada and Siberia, where large increases are scheduled to have snow falls. temperatures in mountain areas are growing with no beneficial effects.

8 The snow reflects the sunlight, having an impact on the climate. Lack of snow surfaces and therefore the lack of sunlight reflection will have negative effects on the global level. You will also be affected and the amount of water as a result of the reduction amounts of snow.. The two tension of ice, Antarctica and Groheland influence of thousands and millions of years but the climate may have effects that is rapidly changing and also ocean level.

9 In the last 30 years to see a decrease surface the frozen Arctic area of approximately 8.9% per decade in September and 2.5% per decade in March. Can see exactly the same effects as in the case of reducing the amount of snow on land. Will be affected water circulation pattern in the ocean, aquatic fauna and more. Reducing annual mass Groheland has doubled in the last 10 years

10 To avoid very likely to overshoot the 2 ° C would be the CO2 levels to be stabilized immediately. We should be done: -to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by reducing energy consumption and energy use from renewable sources -adoption of modern technologies, which are not energy-intensive -reducing energy consumption by reducing artificial lighting

11 Besides the fact that global warming expect also ice cap and glaciers melting a first consequence should be : The increase of the ocean level with 9cm to 88cm per year!! Decrease terrestrial surface, flooding some areas with dense population, the risk of coral reef damage, disappearance of animal species that have their habitat in the cold area.

12 THE POLAR BEAR….

13 …THE SEAL AND THE SEA- LION…

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15 Final Conclusion…