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Презентация была опубликована 10 лет назад пользователемДемид Винаров
1 Тяжелые ядра в космосе – источник радиационной опасности вблизи Земли и в межпланетном пространстве Heavy Nuclei in Space – the Source of Danger in the Vicinity of the Earth and in the Interplanetary Space Mikhail Panasyuk Moscow State University Space Weather Effects on Humans: in Space and on Earth International Conference Space Research Institute Moscow, Russia June 4-8, 2012
2 Apollo –11 N. Armstrong B. Aldrin M. Collins GCR (Fe) The first visualization of HZE
3 Absorbed dose 0,5 Zv Electrons Nuclei HZE particles effects
4 ## SEE SEE Years Minimum of SA Maximum of SA Одиночные сбои и поток ГКЛ Single Events Effects HZE particles impact on microchips
5 HZE particles in the Earths Environment
6 Внешний пояс - р до ~ МэВ - е до нескольких МэВ Внутренний пояс - р до сотен МэВ - е до нескольких МэВ ~7Rз The Earths Radiation Belts
7 Потоки электронов и протонов различных энергий в плоскости геомагнитного экватора. R - расстояние от центра Земли, выраженное в радиусах Земли. Стабильный пояс электронов с E e > 20 МэВ выделен жирной линией
8 Energy spectra of cosmic radiation Solar wind (H) Solar energetic particles Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays (H) lg E (eV/nucl) lg I 1 MeVn 6 1 GeVn 1 TeVn 1keV/n Radiation belts
9 Низкие высоты Low altitudes (LEO)
10 Радиационное окружение Земли ISS 400 km
11 South Atlantic Anomaly h=500km, 1970, B model JSFC12/66(1970) AE8max Магнитное поле Частицы h = 400 km
12 ЮАА Широта, град Долгота, град SEE in the SAA
13 протоны, >40 MэВ W
14 Solar cycle dependence. Proton flux year Atmospheric density
15 Secular Variations of Geomagnetic Field (Model IGRF) SAA: magnetic field secular variations Magnetic field become weaker ( at h = const) - SAA moving to the west
16 ~ 25 µ CR track Interection region Sensitive region ~ 5 µ neutrons p α Mg Shielding Semiconductor chip
17 Solar neutrons Local neutrons Albedo neutrons GCR protons Neutron Environment
18 Secondary protons&neutrons
19 Local neutrons generation vs S/C mass МИР
20 Neutron dose equivalent(μSv/h) Neutron dose equivalent rate was estimated using the energy spectrum with the ICRP-74 coefficient. Neutron dose equivalent (Goka et al) (From March 23 to July 7, All orbit)
21 км км км Спутник APEX, эллиптическая орбита Altitude dependence of SEE
22 SEP
23 Solar wind (H) Solar cosmic rays Galactic cosmic rays lgE (эВ/нукл) Поток частиц, отн.ед 1 МэВ/нукл 6 1 ГэВ/ нукл1 ТэВ/ нукл1кэВ/нукл Solar Energetic Particles
24 SEE during SEPs events and modeling of SEE
25 SEE at LEO
26 How many HZE particles in SEP events?
27 HZE abundance in SEP Nymmik, 2012,private communication
28 HZE abundance in SEP Abundance of HZE particles on the tail of SEPs events is unerestimated? Nymmik, 2012,private communication
29 «Нейтронный отклик» солнечных вспышек Neutrons response of solar flares
30 Neutron dose equivalent(μSv/h) We have investigated the neutron dose equivalent inside the ISS on the influence of solar flare. Neutron dose equivalent (For 24 hours from 12(UT) on April 15) Animation\animation.htm
31 Galactic cosmic rays Галактические космические лучи
32 GCR modulation ?
33 Instead of conclusions PROBLEMS (just a sketch)
34 PROBLEMS 1. Limitation of knowledge to estimate the real risk
35 Роль фрагментов ядерных реакций p +Si Продукты ядерного взаимодействия протонов КИ с материалом бортовой электроники генерируют с электронно- дырочные пары и дефекты, приводящие к сбою электроники
36 ## SEE vs LTE
37 However… Результаты испытаний HXRHPPC на ТЗЧ Lintz et al, Single Event Effects Hardening and Characterization of Honeywells RHPPC Processor Integrated Circuit
38 Rats expedition to Mars Rats behavior is changing after 3 months of HZE exposure !
39 Expedition to Mars Do we need one way ticket?
40 PROBLEMS 2. Limitation of on ground facilities for modeling of space environment
41 Neutrons in space and in the Earths atmosphere
43 How to minimize risk from HZE? Electronics Onground space qualification tests (certification) with using of accelerators facilities – just a black hole for funds What to do ? - To combine design/manufacturing process with radiation testing - To imply special soft/scheme/construction decisions to minimize SEE - Planning of missions
44 ЮАА Широта, град Долгота, град Одиночные сбои в ЮАА Planning of missions Spacecraft is a robot, but with elements a manual management by people
46 How to minimize risk from HZE? Humans - To combine design/manufacturing process with radiation testing - To imply special soft/scheme/construction decisions to minimize SEE - Planning of missions, new estimation of risks
47 How to minimize risk from HZE? Humans Planning of missions Probably, we are on a way of developing temporal limitation for long- duration space missions on concept of new risks estimation Time – the only real shield against HZE particles for humans body in space
48 Thank you
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