METAPHORICAL COGNITION AND ACTUALIZATION OF ARCHAIC CONCEPTS IN THE DAILY DISCOURSE Pavel Baryshnikov Russia, Pyatgorsk State Linguistic University. - презентация

1 METAPHORICAL COGNITION AND ACTUALIZATION OF ARCHAIC CONCEPTS IN THE DAILY DISCOURSE Pavel Baryshnikov Russia, Pyatgorsk State Linguistic University

2 General provisions The adress deals with functions of metaphoric thought during formation of affective expressions based on the archaic layers of linguistic consciousness. It also covers semantic substitution underlying idiomatic forms of reality representation. The adress deals with functions of metaphoric thought during formation of affective expressions based on the archaic layers of linguistic consciousness. It also covers semantic substitution underlying idiomatic forms of reality representation.

3 General provisions The English and French affective metaphorical and idiomatic expressions serve as examples of activity of archaic mythological concepts possessing of different semantic attributes. The English and French affective metaphorical and idiomatic expressions serve as examples of activity of archaic mythological concepts possessing of different semantic attributes.

4 A metaphor suggests that feelings tend to represent an offensive, negative force which is beyond the control of a man. Feelings - come over a person - strike him - settle in his heart - creep up on him; A person may - fight his feelings - overcome them.

5 In language embodiment, a person dominated by his feelings is like a myth character struggling forces of nature (storm, tempest, wave and etc): - to be mad with passion, - to lose ones temper, - to be beside oneself with anger, - to be blinded by rage, - to be beside oneself with fear.

6 The system of ancient mythological ideas of good spirits and the evil ones could possibly had been transferred into the language as a system of metaphorical collocations expressing sensual states One may still hear someone say its the devils workits the devils work the witch is in it he is spellbound

7 TYPOLOGY OF EMOTIONAL IMAGES This is why some of these expressions are still used: - sadness creeps in my heart - anguish is in my soul - to be under somebodys skin - sick to the back teeth - to be a pain in the neck

8 Concepts description RussianFrenchEnglish 1. Feelings in image of beast. Грусть/печаль/ тоска нападает, наваливается, гложет, охватывает кого-либо; озвереть, зверская злость; Avoir le cafard. Passer son humeur noire. Les affres de la mort, féroce bestial. About sadness – semparer de qn., gagner qn., se ruer sur (directe sense to savage) ; To grip, to seize, to overcome, beastly, awful, frightful, tremendous, ravenous.

9 Concepts description 2. The image of fight, attack and victory over the infernal nature of zoomorphic senses is expressed in the direct metaphors. Russian Бороться со скукой, превозмогать тоску, пересилить лень, избыть, одолеть, разогнать, рассеять, развеять и т.д; French Dissiper le cafard, chasser lennui, surmonter, dominer les sentiment, réprimer ses passions ; English to subdue, to dispel, to destroy, to master), to bridle, to override, to bend to one's will.

10 3. Destructive component of emotional images is expressed by the dramatic verbs. Гнев, ярость, горе, тоска, печаль, уныние, скука и т.д.) – давит, душит, гнетет, гложет, заедает, сжирает, сушит, старит, сгибает, наваливается, нападает, ложиться на сердце, стесняет грудь, находит, накатывает, обуревает, обуяет; Rage, tristesse, angoisse, cafard, chagrin, pien, écumant (foaming) de rage, consumer, avoir la poitrine opréssée, ronger, accabler, l'angoisse étreint, avoir le coeur serré ; To emaciate, to exhaust, devoured by guilt, to prey upon, to gnow (Sorrow is gnawing at my heart), torment, harass, to choke,( he is choking with anger).

11 4. Some metaphors meaning emotional and ecstatic states are characterizes by mythological images of mystic transformations as well as by leaving of body, loss the soul. And it indicates the conservation of semantic traces of archaic magic beliefs in language consciousness. Побелеть, потемнеть, поседеть, согнуться, осунуться, трястись от ярости, задрожать от гнева, выйти из себя, сам не свой, быть на себя непохожим; Trembler, à se tordre les côtes (до скрученных ребер),se courber; se plier, s'obscurcir, pâlir d'effroi, devenir blanc comme un linge, ses traits se sont tirés; ses joues se sont creusées ( cheeks have sunk in, ввалились щёки ), s'emporter, éclater,sortir de ses gonds (выйти из себя ), sortir de son lit (выйти из берегов), être très mal à laise. To be beside oneself; to lose one's temper, to fly into a rage, to be not himself with grief, to grow, grow lean, get/grow pinched; become drawn in the face; become thin and hollow-cheeked; look drawn/haggard; become peaky.

12 Thus, we may state that the language metaphors expressing sensual and emotional states reproduce the mythological conceptions on evil spirits, chtonic forces which are beyond the control of human power. These forces transform the Cosmos of human soul to ruins of the Chaos. Thus, we may state that the language metaphors expressing sensual and emotional states reproduce the mythological conceptions on evil spirits, chtonic forces which are beyond the control of human power. These forces transform the Cosmos of human soul to ruins of the Chaos.

13 deaths motif Concept description RussianFrenchEnglish 5. deathmotif тоска смертная, скука смертельная, убийственная тоска, сдохнуть, повеситься, от тоски, мухи мрут, умирать от страха от ужаса humeur massacrante, les affres de la mort, crever de lennui, on s'ennuie à mourir, les transes de la mort, c'est mortel killing, murderous deadly, terrible, (mortal) agony, death throes, this book bores you to death, to croak, utter boredom

14 Conceptdescr iption RussianFrenchEnglish 6.a) deaths motif (the cold, the lost of mind and immobility) окоченеть, кровь стынет в жилах, похолодеть, заледенеть от страха, похолодело внутри le sang se glace dans les veines, avoir la frousse, être glacé d'effroi, être transi de froid, la peur lui glace le sang one's blood freezes, one's blood runs cold, it makes one's blood curdle, to grow cold (numb) with terror

15 Bestial motf Concepts description RussianFrenchEnglish 7. Bestial motfразбудить в ком- л. зверя, убить в себе зверя, задушить в себе зверя, выпустить тигра из клетки, сорваться с цепи, смотреть как загнанный/ранен ный зверь, выпустить когти; se déchaîner, comme une bête enragée, avoir l'air farouche, montrer ses griffes, montrer les dents to look very fierce, to look daggers, to bring out the beast in smb., to show its claws.

16 Summary Thus, the results of comparative analyzes of metaphoric expressions, meaning the emotional states gives the possibility to confirm that the language and its semantic connotative functions retain so-called patterns of cultural memory which are based on the archaic mythological concepts. These mythological concepts have two functional levels. On the one hand the mythogenese is a result of social cultural activity, i.e. its a area of external functioning, on the other hand mythological viewing are related to unconscious process, which have its origin in the collective archaic layer of the language conciseness.