Using Information Technology Chapter 4 System Software

2 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. System Software The Power behind the Power 4.1The Components of System Software 4.2The Operating System: What It Does 4.3Other System Software: Device Drivers & Utility Programs 4.4Common Operating Systems 4.5The OS of the Future

System Software 3 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4.1 The Components of System Software Operating system - the principal component of system software Device drivers - help the computer control peripheral devices Utility programs - support, enhance, or expand existing programs

System Software 4 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4.2 The Operating System: What It Does Booting - the process of loading an operating system into a computers main memory

System Software 5 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Operating System: What It Does User interface - user-controllable display screen that allows one to communicate, or interact, with a computer

System Software 6 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Operating System: What It Does CPU Management Supervisor (kernel) - program which remains in main memory while the computer is running, and directs other nonresident programs to perform tasks that support application programs

System Software 7 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Operating System: What It Does File Management and Formatting The operating systems file system arranges files in hierarchical fashion Formatting or initializing a disk is the process of preparing that disk for use

System Software 8 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Operating System: What It Does Task Management Number of Users Number of Processors Order of Processing Multi-taskingOne Concurrently Multi- programming MultipleOneConcurrently Time sharingMultipleOneRound robin Multi- processing One or moreTwo or more Simultaneously Processing of two or more programs

System Software 9 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4.3 Other System Software: Device Drivers & Utility Programs Device drivers - specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system

System Software 10 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Utilities: Service Programs Backup utility - program which makes a duplicate copy of the information on your hard disk Data-recovery utility - program which restores data that has been physically damaged or corrupted

System Software 11 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Utilities: Service Programs Antivirus software - program that scans hard disks, floppy disks, and memory to detect viruses Data compression utility - program which removes redundant elements, gaps, and unnecessary data from a computers storage space so that less space (fewer bits) is required to store or transmit data

System Software 12 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Utilities: Service Programs Fragmentation - the scattering of portions of files about the disk in nonadjacent areas, thus greatly slowing access to the files Defragmenter utility - program that finds all the scattered files on a hard disk and reorganizes them as contiguous files

System Software 13 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Utilities: Service Programs Disk scanner and disk cleanup utilities: Detect & remove unnecessary files Detect & correct disk problems

System Software 14 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4.4 Common Operating Systems Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems Platform - a particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based Disk Operating System (DOS) - the original operating system produced by Microsoft, which had a hard-to-use command-driven user interface

System Software 15 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems Mac OS Mac OS - operating system which runs only on Apple Macintosh computers

System Software 16 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows 3.X - released in 1992; simply a layer over DOS Microsoft Windows 95/98 - successors to 3.X Plug and Play - the ability of a computer to automatically configure a new hardware component that is added to it Microsoft Windows Me (WinMe) - Millennium Edition

System Software 17 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems Novells Netware - a popular network operating system for coordinating microcomputer-based local area networks (LANs)

System Software 18 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems Windows NT - Microsofts multitasking OS which allows multiple users to share resources such as data and programs Windows successor to Windows NT

System Software 19 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems Windows XP - Microsofts newest OS, which combines elements of Windows 2000 and Windows Me New GUI of Windows XP

System Software 20 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Microsoft.NET A set of Microsoft software technologies for connecting information, people, and systems through the use of special building block web service programs. Web services programs are created using XML a web- document tagging format.

System Software 21 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple users with built-in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers Sun Microsystems Solaris Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)

System Software 22 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems LinuxLinux - a free version of UNIX, with continual improvements resulting from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer programmers

System Software 23 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Network Operating Systems Linux - Open-source software - software which any programmer can download from the Internet for free and modify with suggested improvements Linus Torvalds, creator of Linux

System Software 24 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Operating Systems for Handhelds Palm OS - the dominant OS for handhelds, which runs the Palm and Handspring Visor, and is licensed to other companies Windows CE (now Pocket PC) - slimmed-down version of Windows for handheldsPocket PC

System Software 25 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Embedded Systems An embedded system is any electronic system that uses CPU chipembedded system It is a specialized computer system that is a part of a larger system Used extensively in cars, space vehicles, cell phones, PDAs, and robots Many companies have formed the non-profit, vendor neutral Embedded Linux Consortium to make Linux a top OS of choice

System Software 26 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4.5 The OS of the Future: Web Services Platform Web services Web services allow describing, identifying, and communicating data over the WWW in a consistent fashion that can be read by many different types of machines Microsoft.NET delivers web services Competitors concentrating on middleware as an answermiddleware

System Software 27 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Open Source Computing Distributed systemDistributed system - a non-centralized network consisting of several computers and other devices that can communicate with one another Gaining ground in foreign countries, small companies, and schools

System Software 28 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the latest version of Microsoft Windows? XP

System Software 29 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for software which can be downloaded from the Internet for free and modified with suggested improvements? Open-source software

System Software 30 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which Microsoft OS runs on handheld computers? Windows CE/Pocket PC

System Software 31 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for a non-centralized network consisting of several computers and other devices that can communicate with one another? Distributed system

System Software 32 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name of the popular open-source version of UNIX? Linux

System Software 33 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What was the first OS released by Microsoft? DOS (Disk Operating System)

System Software 34 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the process of loading an operating system into a computers main memory called? Booting

System Software 35 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for the execution of two or more programs by one user at the same time on the same computer with one central processor? Multitasking

System Software 36 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for a single computer processing the tasks of several users of different stations in round-robin fashion? Time-sharing

System Software 37 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for the scattering of portions of files about the disk in nonadjacent areas, thus greatly slowing access to the files? Fragmentation

System Software 38 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What kind of utility program is used to restore data that has been physically damaged or corrupted? A data-recovery program

System Software 39 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What kind of utility program is used to remove redundant elements, gaps, and unnecessary data from a computers storage space so that less space is required to store or transmit data? A data compression program

System Software 40 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the term for the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based? Platform

System Software 41 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check Which OS, first introduced in 1984, set the standard for icon-oriented, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces? Macintosh OS

System Software 42 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the process of preparing a floppy disk so that it can store data or programs called? Formatting or initializing

System Software 43 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What is the name for the component of system software that allows input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system? Device drivers

System Software 44 Copyright © Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Concept Check What kind of utility program eliminates disk fragmentation? Defragmentation utility or defragger