Prepared by: Assel Jartybayeva, Kuanyshbek Kulzhanov, Washington November 2017.

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Prepared by: Assel Jartybayeva, Kuanyshbek Kulzhanov, Washington November 2017

Definition of demographic burden Demographic burden is an important indicator of the demographic potential of any economy, showing ratio of the number of persons under working age and over working age per 1000 people of working age.

Mungers model of policy evaluation: five-stage process problem formulation selection of criteria comparison of alternatives against criteria consideration of political & organisational constraints (implementation) & evaluation

Issue: The growth of population's demographic burden in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Description of the current situation

The growth of the demographic burden is due to the following reasons: 1) The aging of the population. 2) The decline in the share of working-age. 3) Strengthening of the emigration of productive population. 4) Decrease in the birth rate.

Description of the problem Growth of demographic burden (ratio) can lead to the following consequences: will reduce the economic growth of the country; will increase social spending; the need to change and increase the burden on the education system; the need to change and increase the burden on the health system.

The purpose of public policy In the long term stimulation of the birth rate (Future potential working population); overcoming the stereotype of "old age is a barrier for active participation in public life"; In the short term the participation in the labour force of persons with disabilities; the involvement of pensioners in the labour force; increase the migration attractiveness.

Construct options (alternatives) The government is considered next several alternatives of problem decision: 1) Status quo; 2) Increase the birth rate of the population and reduce the death rate of the working-age population. 3) Active involvement in productive relations of people of non-productive population (invalids, pensioners). 4) Regulation of migration processes (stimulation of immigration with emphasis on returnees and reduction of emigration).

Сomparison of alternatives 3E ANALYSIS Criteria Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Effectiveness-+/- + Efficiency---- Equity-++/- Political Feasibility ++/- Implementab ility ++/--+ Summary++/ / / /---

MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS (MCDA) (Based on expert judgment on a 5-point scale, (Min = 0, Max = 5) Criteria Weight RATINGPOINTS Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Increase of working ability population irrespective of age 0, ,30,75 Decrease in demographic burden in the short-term perspective 0, ,30,450,75 Decrease in demographic burden in the long term The burden on social security 0, ,50,61,2 The burden on social security 0, ,81,20,4 Summary 1 22,933,1

SWOT ANALYSIS Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Strengths Absence of a load on the budget Replacement of labor resources in the long term 1) Decrease in demographic burden in the short term 2) Socialization of the disabled 3) Use of professional potential of pensioners 1) Decrease in demographic burden in the short term Weakness Lack of effectiveness and effectiveness 1) Load on the able-bodied population in the short-term perspective 2) The burden on social security and the system of education Burden on social services 1) The burden on the country's budget 2) The burden on social security 3) Unskilled labor resources Opportuniti es - 1) Economic growth 2) Susceptibility to innovation Inclusive societyIncrease in population ThreatsDeteriorating economic situation Deteriorating standards of live Increasing unemployment1) Social tension of the population 2) The growth of crime

Best Choice The analysis carried out using the methods of EEE, MCDA, SWOT analysts makes clear the best and worst sides of each of the alternatives. Alternative 2 gives the effect of solving the problem in a long-term process. Alternatives of 3,4 will provide an effect in the short-term market. In this regard, in order to more effectively solve the problem, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive step-by-step approach from three options, which will provide an effective solution to the problem of increasing the demographic burden. To implement the chosen solution, it is necessary to establish the Agency for Demography and Migration on the experience of France (the Higher Council for Population Issues). This agency will address issues of birth control and migration, not only in the context of reducing the demographic burden, but also for solving other demographic problems.

Тhe Agency for Demography and Migration Medium Local executive agencies Unproductive population Social services Mass media Ministry of healthcare Ministry of Labor and Social Protection government Immigrants non-governmental organizations Medium High Business community Stakeholder analysis High

Building Alliances Local Executing Agencies Government (Alliers) Ministry of Healthca Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (Bedfellow) Unproductive population Immigrants Business community (Adversavies) mass media NGO Social Services (Opponents) Trust Agreement

Policy Implementation Decision 1. Increase the birth rate of the population and reduce the death rate of the working-age population. Demographic policy aimed at stimulating the birth rate, as a rule, breaks down into 3 main factors: legislative, economic and ideological. For the Republic of Kazakhstan, the main impact factor is the motivation for the growth of the birth rate by increasing the size of a one-time and monthly allowance, introducing additional measures of material support for families. The best benchmarking in the formation of pronatalistic policy is France. Using the experience of France believe that the main components of this solution are the following: 1) the increase in the allowance from 40% today to 60%, with a term from 12 months to 18 months; 2) the increase in a lump sum on a birth of the third child from 257$ to 500$, the fourth and subsequent children from 350$ to 700$; 3) at birth the fourth and fifth child, the results of the maternity capital to improve housing conditions. Critical resistance points: 1) the burden on the state budget; 2) negative unproductive mood of the population; 3) the influence of the process of demographic transition.

Decision 2. Active involvement in productive relations of people of non-productive population (disabled, pensioners). Despite the legislation to protect the employment of disabled persons and the extension of measures aimed at integrating disabled persons into society, people with disabilities remain disadvantaged. In order to support the employment of disabled persons it is necessary to expand the list of measures to support and stimulate demand for disabled people: 1) the introduction of tax credits, 2) the increase of quotas for employment of disabled persons, 3) benefit from participation in public procurement for employers, to find employment for the disabled, 4) strengthening control over implementation of legislative measures on employment of persons with disabilities in the form of higher fines. Labor activity of pensioners is of great importance for the state, as it forms an additional reserve of labour. The process of attracting older people to work is a long-term and comprehensive project, which needs implementation in the form of government programs, which is absent in Kazakhstan. The main directions of the state program are: 1) the formation of the regulatory legal framework that would regulate the field of labor and employment of older people, in particular working conditions; 2) encouraging the business community to the creation of adapted jobs for the older generation; 3) the formation of the concept of active ageing, as well as overcoming the stereotype of "old age is a barrier to active participation in public life". Critical resistance points: 1) the unwillingness of pensioners and disabled people to get to work; 2) the resistence business community. Policy Implementation

Decision 3. Regulation of migration processes (stimulation of immigration with emphasis on returnees and reduction of emigration). In this state policy does not address issues of reducing emigration, as this question has more to do with the economic situation in the country. Migration legislation of Kazakhstan does not fully correspond to the current and future needs of economic, social and demographic development. Generalization of world experience of regulation of migration processes allows to distinguish the following mechanisms to facilitate the resettlement of permanent residence of ethnic repatriates living abroad, potentially applicable in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 1) to improve the legislation regarding additional measures to facilitate immigration for permanent residence in Kazakhstan. 2) the creation of more favorable conditions for adaptation and integration of ethnic repatriates. 3) Strengthening the work with potential immigrants abroad 4) Improving existing measures of material support including housing ethnic immigrants. 5) the adoption of active measures to retain qualified personnel (including the granting of residence permits and citizenship); 6) the establishment of a system of monitoring and control over implementation of legislation in the area of repatriation. Critical resistance points: 1) the load on the state budget. 2) negative attitude of the population towards migrants; 3) the burden on social services; 4) disinterest ethnic immigrants (quality of life, safety) Policy Implementation

Expected results Outcomes: The increase in the share of the working population The improvement of the demographic situation in the country Socialization seniors and the disabled Impacts: A paradigm shift of consciousness – the formation of an inclusive society The decline of paternalism in society Reducing the burden on the budget in terms of social spending Reducing the negative consequence of migration policy in the future

Thank you for your attention A & Q

Исследовательский институт «Общественное мнение» Исследовательский институт «Общественное мнение» образован в 2013 году группой социологов, имеющих профессиональный опыт работы более 17 лет. Институт специализируется на изучении общественного мнения, проводит маркетинговые и социологические исследования, как в Казахстане, так и в других странах мира. Высокопрофессиональные эксперты-социологи Института имеют опыт проведения исследований в странах Центральной Азии, Западной Европы, России, Китае, Монголии, Турции, США, Канаде и т.д. Сотрудники Исследовательского института являются членами международных профессиональных сетей – European Society of Marketing Research Professionals ESOMAR ( internationalstudiesassociation (ISA) ( Союза социологов тюркоязычных стран, Международного общества исследователей терроризма (США). В своих исследованиях Институт «Общественное мнение» руководствуется стандартами и нормами ESOMAR (

Исследовательские темы Межэтнические отношения Общественно-политическая ситуация Языковая ситуация Религиозная ситуация Структура идентичностей Оценка государственных услуг Уровень восприятия коррупции Интеграционные настроения Электоральное поведение и настроение Миграционные процессы Адаптация и интеграция репатриантов (оралман) Трудовая миграция: стратегии и адаптация Изучение СМИ Изучение казахской диаспоры Экстремизм и терроризм Имидж стран Социальное самочувствие бизнес-среды (опросы предпринимателей) В своей работе Исследовательский институт «Общественное мнение» использует различные методы сбора информации

Количественные методы сбора информации: Личные интервью (face-to-face) Телефонные интервью Панельные исследования Exit-poll

Качественные методы сбора информации: Фокус-группы Глубинные интервью Нарративные биографические интервью Кабинетные исследования (desk research) Аудит розничной торговли Hall-test Mystery Shopping Наблюдения Экспертные опросы Экспертные международные опросы

Программа исследования Цели опроса Оценка демографической и миграционной ситуации в стране, перспектив развития, определение текущих проблем (рисков), выявление ключевых направлений дальнейшего развития страны. Определение значимости (весов) показателей, используемых для построения многомерной модели оценки демографической безопасности регионов Казахстана. Задачи Выявление наиболее существенных, важных аспектов демографического развития и миграционной ситуации, повышение обоснованности выводов и практических рекомендаций по формированию государственной демографической/миграционной политики благодаря использованию знаний и опыта экспертов. Форма опросного метода: анкетирование посредством электронной рассылки. Участники опроса (респонденты): эксперты в области демографии и миграции.

Блок вопросов по демографии: 1. Как Вы оцениваете демографическую обстановку в стране? а) хорошая, нет необходимости в дальнейшем государственном регулировании демографических процессов б) приемлемая, но требуется внести определенные меры по регулировании демографических процессов в) критическая, требуется проведение кардинальных перемен в сфере государственного регулирования 2. Назовите основные проблемы демографического развития в Казахстане (выберите не более 3 варианта ответа) а) Низкий уровень рождаемости б) Рост количества разводов в) Низкая продолжительность жизни населения г) Высокий уровень материнской и младенческой смертности д) Большое число абортов, отказ рожениц от своих детейa ж) Увеличение числа неполных семей з Обесценивание семейных ценностей е) Практики отложенного деторождения и) Частое уклонение отцов (матерей) от уплаты алиментов к) Затрудняюсь ответить 3. Считаете ли вы, что действующая государственная социальная политика улучшит демографическую обстановку в стране? а) Да б) Нет в) Затрудняюсь ответить

14. По Вашему мнению, нужны ли Казахстану иммигранты в настоящее время? а) Да б) Нет в) Затрудняюсь ответить 15. Если на вопрос (11) ответ положительный укажите критерии а) Принимать преимущественно казахов (репатриантов) б) Принимать независимо от национальной принадлежности, учитывая возраст и квалификацию и другие возможные критерии в) Принимать всех желающих г) Ввести ограничения на иммиграцию (квоты по регионам) 16. Как Вы в целом оцениваете отношение к мигрантам со стороны коренного населения? а) Сочувствие, стремление помочь приезжим б) Недружелюбие в) Враждебность г) Безразличие д) Зависит от конкретного региона Блок вопросов по миграции:

ФИОУченая степень, место работы 1 Ракишева Ботагоз Ислямовна Кандидат социологических наук. Исследовательский институт «Общественное мнение» 2 Мажитова Айнур Магистр социологии. Исследовательский институт «Общественное мнение» 3 Ашкенова Гульден Магистр социологии. Исследовательский института «Общественное мнение» 5 Нуркатова Лязат Толегеновна Доктор социологических наук. КИСИ при Президенте РК 6 Жолдыбалина Алуа Сериковна Доктор PhD. КИСИ при Президенте РК 7 Урпекова Амина Магистр социальных наук. КИСИ при Президенте РК 8 Булуктаев Юрий Доктор политических наук. КИСИ при Президенте РК 9 Черных Ирина Александровна Доктор исторических наук КИСИ при президенте РК 10 Нургалиева Мадина Маратовна Кандидат наук. Представительство КИСИ при Президенте РК в г. Алматы 11 Хон Евгений Викторович Кандидат наук КИСИ при Президенте РК Список обследуемой совокупности для экспертного опроса

Спасибо за внимание!